The Resilience of Proximity Tourism During the Pandemic: Local Walking Tours of Budapest

Global tourism was hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic, but an exception can be seen among walking tour companies providing tours for locals in Budapest, who saw a rise in demand for their tours during the summer and early autumn of 2020. During pre-pandemic times tourism levels broke records annually, and one of the main concerns was overtourism in certain cities, but due to COVID-19, international arrivals hit record-lows and millions of jobs became endangered. Meanwhile data show that local alternative walking tours in Budapest could operate sustainably during the pandemic at almost the same capacity as before, because local residents started to discover their own neighbourhoods. In the time of social and physical distancing walking tours proved to be a viable solution for locals to discover the city in safe ways. Academic research on guided walking tours is getting more attention in the past decades, focusing on several subjects such as the role of the guide or the value of co-creation, but less attention is given to the new phenomenon of proximity tourism, where local residents participate in experiences originally designed for visitors. The aim of this paper is to investigate why thematic walking tours are in such a high demand among residents of Budapest, and how these local tours can provide a resilient proximity tourism product during the pandemic

Entre visions angéliques et transes chamaniques : le sabbat des sorcières dans le Formicarius de Nider

Achevé aux alentours de 1435, le Formicarius de Johannes Nider (1380-1438) décrit des saints et des hérétiques, des visions, des révélations, des phénomènes de possession et de simulation, des vertus extraordinaires et des péchés mortels, des opérations miraculeuses, et des œuvres de magiciens et de sorciers. Pour expliquer la signification extraordinaire de la transe religieuse dans ces histoires, nous proposons d'examiner l'hypothèse d'une corrélation entre le chamanisme, les manifestations d'extase religieuse et l'émergence des croyances en la sorcellerie diabolique. Suivant le schéma conceptuel fort original de Nider qui juxtapose les visions d'origine céleste ou diabolique, nous étudions successivement les liens du chamanisme avec la sainteté des visionnaires de la fin du Moyen Âge, puis avec le sabbat des sorcières, pour finir par montrer dans quelle mesure la transe peut être considérée comme un point commun entre la sainte et la sorcière, qui constituent un système binaire dont la polarité bascule au xve siècle.Between angelic visions and shamanistic trance : the Witches' Sabbath in the Formicarius of Nider. The Formicarius of Johannes Nider (1380-1438), finished around 1435, describes saints and heretics, visions, revelations, phenomena of possession and simulation, extraordinary virtues and mortal sins, miraculous workings and the deeds of magicians and sorcerers. To explain the extraordinary significance of religious trance in these stories, we propose to examine the hypothesis of a correlation between shamanism, religious ecstasy and the emergence of the beliefs in diabolic witchcraft. Following the very original conceptual scheme of Nider, who juxtaposes visions of heavenly and diabolic origin, we analyse successively the relationship between shamanism and visionary sainthood at the end of the Middle Ages, then between the former and the witches' sabbath, to able to show, finally, in what ways could the trance be considered as a common point between the saint and the witch, who constitute a binary system with a shaky polarity in the 15th century

L’aspect héroïque et combattant de la poésie baroque

Les recherches menées, ces deux dernières décennies, sur le baroque, ont prouvé qu’essayer de concentrer l’essence de celui-ci en une formule unique serait une entreprise vouée à l’échec. Dans les domaines les plus variés de la vie, des arts et des lettres, ce sont, en effet, des traits, des phénomènes si différents qui révèlent le baroque que celui-ci ne saurait être défini et caractérisé qu’avec une extrême prudence, compte tenu de la multiplicité de ses aspects et de ses contradictions. D..