Fremstilling av fettfattig matmel ved isopropanol-ekstraksjon av presskake fra fet fisk

Fi-Kje-Te rapporte

Vitamin A-innhold i håkjerringtran produsert i 1948

Vitamin A-innholdet i håkjerringtraner fra fangst utenfor Finnmark, i Barentshavet og ved vest-Grønland er temmelig ens, med ekstinksjoner (E3265Å) fra ca. 1.0 til 1.4 tilsvarende ca. 1900 til 2700 internasjonale enheter vitamin A pr. g (faktor 1900). Traner fra Svalbard, Island- og Øst-Grønlands-feltene er litt rikere på vitamin A, med ekstinksjoner fra ca. 1.6 til 2.5 tilsvarende ca. 3000 til 4700 internasjonale enheter vitamin A pr. g. Vesentlig større vitamin A-innhold fant en i håkjerringtraner fra feltene utenfor Færøyene. Ekstinksjonen for disse traner var ca. 4.3 som tilsvarer ca. 8000 internasjonale enheter vitamin A pr. g. De store variasjonene i vitamin A-innholdet i håkjerringtran fra de forskjellige fangstfelter må skyldes art og mengde av håkjerringens føde. ENGLISH The vitamin A contents of the liver oils of Greenland Shark (Laemargus microcephalus) caught off Finnmark, in the Barents-sea, and off West Greenland were found to contain about the same quantity of vitamin A. Their extinctions (E3265Å) are from about 1.0 to 1.4 corresponding to 1900 to 2700 international units per gram (factor 1900). Greenland Shark liver oils from fishing areas at Svalbard, Iceland and East Greenland are richer in vitamin A, with extinctions from 1.6 to 2.5 corresponding to 3000 to 4700 international units. Much more vitamin A is found in the liver oils of Greenland Shark cauth off the Faeroe Islands. The extinction of these oils was about 4.3 corresponding to 8000 international units vitamin A per gram. The considerable variations of the vitamin A-content of liver oils from the Greenland Shark caught in various fishing areas in the North Atlantic are most probably caused by differences in nutritional conditions

Undersøkelse av torskelever fra Vest-Grønland 1949.

1. Torsken ved Vest-Grønland vokser senere enn vanlig etter at den er blitt kjønnsmoden. Hanfisken er ca. 5 cm lengere enn hunfisk av samme alder. Gjennomsnittsalderen var høy - 11.85 år - og lengden 77.2 cm. 2. Leveren var meget liten og fettfattig med en gjennomsnittlig lever og fettprosent på henholdsvis 2.54 g/100 g fisk og 30.0 g/100 g lever. Pr. kg fisk ga huntorsken ca. 1.4 ganger så meget lever og ca. 2.6 ganger mer tran enn hantorsken. 3. Denne magre lever vil gi meget lite tranutbytte ved vanlig damping. En må derfor benytte andre tranutvinningsmetoder (f. eks. en separatormetode). 4. Fettprosenten i leveren øker regelmessig med leverinnholdet. 5. Gjennomsnittlig var vitamin A- innholdet i tranen ca. 10 300 internasjonale enheter vitamin A pr. g (E3265Å = 5.42, faktor 1900), og vitamin A-reserven ca. 27 mg vit. A/kg rundfisk. 6. Opptil 12-13 år er vitamin A-reserven lik for begge kjønn og stiger linjert med ca. 1.65 mg vit. A/kg rundfisk pr. år. For eldre årganger stiger hunfiskens vitamin-reserve sterkere med alderen. 7. Forutsatt at vitamin A-reserven for en bestemt gjennomsnittsalder er den samme hvert år kan vitamin A-innholdet i tranen approksimativt beregnes av leverprosenten. ENGLISH 1. The cod at West-Greenland grows much slower than the Norwegian cod after maturity. After maturity and at a definite age the female is about 5 cm longer than the male. The average age of the fish in the 1949 season was high- 11.85 years- and the length 77,2 cm. 2. The livers were very small with low fat content. The average liver content was 2.54 g/100 g fish and the fat content of the livers 30.0 g/lOOg liver. On the average, the females gave about 1.4 times as much liver and about 2.6 times as much fat as the males. 3. These small livers yield too little fat with the usual steam rendering process. Other methods must be used, for example a centrifuge process. 4. The fat content of the livers increases with increase in the percentage of liver in the fish. 5. The vitamin A-reserve is equal for both sexes up to the age of 12 to 13 years, and rises linearly with the age of the fish with about 1.65 mg vitamin A/kg fish per year. For older fish (over 13 years) the females vitamin A-reserve rises faster with advancing age than does that of the male. 6. On the average the vitamin A-content of the liver oil in the 1949 season was about 10 300 international units per g. (E3265Å = 5.42, factor 1900), and the vitamin A-reserve ca. 27 mg vit. A/kg fish. 7. If the vitamin A-reserve of the West-Greenland cod of a definite age is the same each year, the vitamin A-content of the liver oil can be approximately predicted on the basis of the quantity of liver occurring in the fish

Fraksjonering av marine fettsyrer

I. Oppdeling av marin fettsyreblanding i mettete, monoen- og polyenfettsyrer ved direkte utfrysing og filtrering kombinert med utkrystallisering fra vannholdig, nedkjølt metanol. ved Lars Aure og Ivar Ottesen. II. Fraksjonering av marine fettsyrer ved motstrømsekstraksjonsfordeling i løsningsmiddelsystemet dimetylsulfoksyd/n-heptan, ved Lars Aure og Hans KløkstadFi-Kje-Te rapporte

Some factors affecting the grades of technology students

In this study factors that affect the grades of Norwegian technology students have been investigated. The total data set contained 355.706 individual exams from 63 different engineering master programs during the 2010 to 2014 period. Regression analysis showed that the single factor having the largest impact on students’ grades at university was their average grade from high school. Students who had on average one unit better grade from high school got on average 1.4 to 1.7 units better grades in the first year at university and even on their master thesis they got 0.76 units better grades. Strong correlations in the awarded grades for single students were also observed between the different years of five-year integrated study programs. These findings show that the universities are consistent in the evaluation of the student’s work. When we adjusted for the effect of grades received in high school and earlier stages of university studies, we still found significant variation between study programs on how the master thesis were graded. The effect was as high as 0.4 grade units away from the average level. Such differences may both be explained by local cultures in grading, but could also reflect the quality of the student supervision during the master thesis work. In 2014 new grade descriptions was implemented in the STEM area and new instructions distributed to the examiners. A significant reduction in the average grade was found, but the effect was not strong, only -0.14 grade units

Some factors affecting the grades of technology students

publishedVersio

Some factors affecting the grades of technology students

In this study factors that affect the grades of Norwegian technology students have been investigated. The total data set contained 355.706 individual exams from 63 different engineering master programs during the 2010 to 2014 period. Regression analysis showed that the single factor having the largest impact on students’ grades at university was their average grade from high school. Students who had on average one unit better grade from high school got on average 1.4 to 1.7 units better grades in the first year at university and even on their master thesis they got 0.76 units better grades. Strong correlations in the awarded grades for single students were also observed between the different years of five-year integrated study programs. These findings show that the universities are consistent in the evaluation of the student’s work. When we adjusted for the effect of grades received in high school and earlier stages of university studies, we still found significant variation between study programs on how the master thesis were graded. The effect was as high as 0.4 grade units away from the average level. Such differences may both be explained by local cultures in grading, but could also reflect the quality of the student supervision during the master thesis work. In 2014 new grade descriptions was implemented in the STEM area and new instructions distributed to the examiners. A significant reduction in the average grade was found, but the effect was not strong, only -0.14 grade units.publishedVersionnivå