Orofacial Injuries in Children of Primary Schools in Pilsen

Introduction and aim: The injuries are a common important health problem in childhood and their occurrence is often in relation with sport. The first aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of sport - related injuries in children attending the primary schools and participating in competitive sports and to compare the situation in children with sport activities only at school and in their leisure time. The second aim of the study was concentrated on the prevalence of orofacial injuries in both groups of children. We supposed higher prevalence of injuries in children participating in competitive sports. Methods: Data of the injuries in children has been obtained through the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions concerning age of child, gender, sport activities, information about injuries and the use of sport-mouthguards. To evaluate the most of the questions the basic descriptive statistic methods in the Microsoft Office Excel were used. The differences in prevalence of injuries between the two groups of children was investigated on the basis of the Pearson's χ2 test (application STATISTICA, StatSoft Czech Republic). Results: Total of 241 children (125 girls and 116 boys) completed the questionnaires and 137 (57%) of them were competitive athlets. The soccer was the most favourite kind of sport in children.102 (42%) children reported sport - related injuries and 22 (9.1%) of them registered trauma of orofacial region. Only 7 (2.9%) children use regularly sports mouthguards. The statistically significant differences in the occurrence of sport-related injuries between the two groups of children was not detected. Conclusion: In the questionnaire survey, we found that the use of sport-mouthguards in children is minimal. Traumas including injuries of the orofacial region represent the risk not only for children with organised competitive sport activities but also for children doing sports at school and occasionally in their free time

GaN:Co epitaxial layers grown by MOVPE

We present a growth of GaN layers doped by cobalt using low pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on c-plane sapphire substrates. The in situ doping of GaN by Co was performed by the decomposition of bis(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt precursor. Three parameters, the temperature and pressure of the deposition and the Ga/Co ratio in the gas phase, influencing cobalt concentration were investigated. The obtained results were confronted with the thermodynamic predictions of Co solubility within GaN lattice and electronic structure calculations of GaN:Co. The magnetic properties of GaN:Co thin films were investigated using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. In addition, the layers were characterized by Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The concentration of Co was measured using electron microprobe and depth profile was measured using secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Room temperature ferromagnetic ordering was observed on the Co doped GaN layers

Damage accumulation and implanted Gd and Au position in a- and c-plane GaN

(0001) c-plane and (11−20) a-plane GaN epitaxial layers were implanted with 400 keV Au+ and Gd+ ions using ion implantation fluences of 5 × 1014, 1 × 1015 and 5 × 1015 cm−2. Rutherford Back-Scattering spectrometry in channelling mode (RBS/C) was used to follow the dopant depth profiles and the introduced disorder; the angular dependence of the backscattered ions (angular scans) in c- and a-plane GaN was measured to get insight into structural modification and dopant position in various crystallographic orientations. Defect-accumulation depth profiles exhibited differences for a- and c-plane GaN, with a-plane showing significantly lower accumulated disorder in the buried layer, accompanied by the shift of the maximum damage accumulation into the deeper layer with respect to the theoretical prediction, than c-plane GaN. Angular scans showed channelling preservation in as-implanted samples and better channelling recovery in the annealed a-plane GaN compared to c-plane GaN. The angular scan widths were simulated by FLUX code as well as the half-width modifications of angular scans were discussed in connection to the damage accumulation. Photoluminescence measurement followed in detail yellow band and band edge luminescence decline after the implantation and the recovery of luminescence spectra features after annealing

A INFLUÊNCIA DA INOVAÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL E DO LUXO SOBRE A DISPOSIÇÃO A PAGAR E A INTENÇÃO DE COMPRA DO CONSUMIDOR

Diante de um contexto de crescentes preocupações relacionadas aos problemas ambientais, as inovações sustentáveis de produto desempenham um papel importante na redução dos impactos ambientais ocasionados pelo consumo. Contudo, o sucesso dessas inovações depende da sua adoção por parte dos consumidores. Por este motivo, o objetivo deste artigo é verificar a influência da inovação sustentável e do luxo sobre a disposição a pagar e a intenção de compra do consumidor. Neste sentido, foi realizada uma pesquisa causal, para verificar as relações de causa e efeito entre variáveis, em dois estudos. O primeiro estudo realizado foi um experimento de um fator, entre-sujeitos, onde a variável independente (sustentabilidade ambiental) foi manipulada. Os resultados do primeiro estudo demonstraram que a informação sobre a sustentabilidade ambiental de uma inovação não influenciou significativamente a intenção de compra do consumidor e a sua disposição a pagar. No segundo estudo realizado, além da sustentabilidade, foi manipulada também a presença da variável luxo. Os resultados do segundo estudo demonstram que a associação da sustentabilidade ao luxo não torna o seu efeito significante, pois o efeito da interação entre as duas variáveis independentes (sustentabilidade e luxo), bem como o efeito principal da sustentabilidade, sobre a disposição a pagar e intenção de compra do consumidor não foi significante. O luxo, por sua vez, teve um efeito negativo sobre a intenção de compra, mas positivo sobre a disposição a pagar.