The Economic Thought of Jean-Baptiste Say in His Early Days in Relation to the Enlightenment and the French Revolution

セーが知的活動を開始した1780年代から19世紀初頭までの時期を「初期セー」として、啓蒙やフランス革命といった18世紀フランスが経験した大きな歴史の流れの中で捉えてみると、この時期のセーの知的関心は、はじめから経済の領域に向かっていたわけではない。彼の関心は、演劇への彼の関与が示すように、18世紀の啓蒙の思潮を背景として当初は文芸一般にあったが、フランス革命の展開とともに次第に道徳へと向かい、さらに1790年代をつうじて関心が経済の領域に収斂していったと考えられる。この時期の彼の経済思想の中心は、奢侈を批判するとともに、勤勉、節約を奨励して、フランス社会に簡素な暮らしとほどほどの安楽さを実現することにあった。本研究はJSPS科研費JP26380263の助成を受けたものである

Transient improvement of urticaria induces poor adherence as assessed by Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8.

Poor adherence to medication is a major public health challenge. Here, we aimed to determine the adherence to oral and topical medications and to analyze underlying associated factors using the translated Japanese version of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 regarding urticaria treatment. Web-based questionnaires were performed for 3096 registered dermatological patients, along with a subanalysis of 751 registered urticaria patients in this study. The adherence to oral medication was significantly associated with the frequency of hospital visits. Variables that affected the adherence to topical medication included age and experience of drug effectiveness. The rate of responses that "It felt like the symptoms had improved" varied significantly among the dermatological diseases treated with oral medications. Dermatologists should be aware that adherence to the treatment of urticaria is quite low. Regular visits and active education for patients with urticaria are mandatory in order to achieve a good therapeutic outcome by increasing the adherence

THE INFLUENCE OF PHILOSOPHY FOR CHILDREN ON JAPANESE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SOCIOEMOTIONAL LEARNING

Ph.D

DNA repair via BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential for craniofacial bone development

新潟大学博士（歯学）学位の種類: 博士（歯学）. 報告番号: 甲第4295号. 学位記番号: 新大院博（歯）甲第380号. 学位授与年月日: 平成29年3月23日新大院博（歯）甲第380号thesi

Degeneracy: a link between evolvability, robustness and complexity in biological systems

A full accounting of biological robustness remains elusive; both in terms of the mechanisms by which robustness is achieved and the forces that have caused robustness to grow over evolutionary time. Although its importance to topics such as ecosystem services and resilience is well recognized, the broader relationship between robustness and evolution is only starting to be fully appreciated. A renewed interest in this relationship has been prompted by evidence that mutational robustness can play a positive role in the discovery of adaptive innovations (evolvability) and evidence of an intimate relationship between robustness and complexity in biology. This paper offers a new perspective on the mechanics of evolution and the origins of complexity, robustness, and evolvability. Here we explore the hypothesis that degeneracy, a partial overlap in the functioning of multi-functional components, plays a central role in the evolution and robustness of complex forms. In support of this hypothesis, we present evidence that degeneracy is a fundamental source of robustness, it is intimately tied to multi-scaled complexity, and it establishes conditions that are necessary for system evolvability

Networked buffering: a basic mechanism for distributed robustness in complex adaptive systems

A generic mechanism - networked buffering - is proposed for the generation of robust traits in complex systems. It requires two basic conditions to be satisfied: 1) agents are versatile enough to perform more than one single functional role within a system and 2) agents are degenerate, i.e. there exists partial overlap in the functional capabilities of agents. Given these prerequisites, degenerate systems can readily produce a distributed systemic response to local perturbations. Reciprocally, excess resources related to a single function can indirectly support multiple unrelated functions within a degenerate system. In models of genome:proteome mappings for which localized decision-making and modularity of genetic functions are assumed, we verify that such distributed compensatory effects cause enhanced robustness of system traits. The conditions needed for networked buffering to occur are neither demanding nor rare, supporting the conjecture that degeneracy may fundamentally underpin distributed robustness within several biotic and abiotic systems. For instance, networked buffering offers new insights into systems engineering and planning activities that occur under high uncertainty. It may also help explain recent developments in understanding the origins of resilience within complex ecosystems. \ud \u

Promoting the Social and Emotional Learning of Middle School Students in Japan Through Collaborative Classroom Inquiry

This case study focused on the influence of a collaborative classroom inquiry approach, called “philosophy for children Hawai’i” (p4c Hawai‘i), and involved the social and emotional learning of a class of 39 seventh grade middle school language arts students in Japan. This approach helps learners explore ideas with peers and their teacher. Research indicates Japanese middle schoolers have few opportunities to learn how to develop and maintain relationships, as they do not interact daily with many people. Data for this study included video and audio recordings of the p4c Hawai‘i sessions, students’ responses to a social and emotional learning survey, interviews with the teacher, a focus group interview with students and students’ written reflections. Findings indicated the p4c Hawai‘i approach afforded opportunities for students to improve socioemotional skills, such as self-awareness, awareness of others, development of relationships and responsible decision-making. Using the p4c Hawai’i approach, students expressed theiropinions, even if they were different from others. At the same time, learners listened respectfully to peers to gain their perspectives, which cultivated positive relationships. Listening to different perspectives appeared to promote students’ decision-making skills. Different from traditional approaches, it is noted that teachers who use p4c Hawai‘i become facilitators. As facilitators, they assume a less hierarchical position, as they guide students and model how to share and listen. This approach shows promise in helping teachers support positive social and emotional learning for children in Japan and may assist in reducing social reclusiveness and youth suicide

Discussion-Based Pedagogy to Promote Socio-emotional Learning and Well-Being Among Students in a Japan

The Japanese educational system is highly competitive and applies high stakes standardized admission testing. As this approach has led to student stress and a narrow instructional focus, the Japanese Government revised educational goals toward more holistic development of well-rounded citizens who are healthy, independent, creative, and work collaboratively with others. However, many teachers did not know how to promote these new goals. This study investigated Japanese educators’ application of Philosophy for Children, a discussion-based inquiry approach that has been used to promote socioemotional learning and well-being. Methods included email communications with 29 educators, analysis of Japanese language documents related to the approach in Japan, and observations of meetings of educators who used the method. Educators applied the approach to elementary, secondary, and university settings. The approach was used to promote socioemotional learning and critical thinking among Japanese children. Some have used the approach to facilitate children\u27s healing after the Tohoku earthquake and other trauma. Facilitators applied the approach outside of the classroom in public settings like train stations to promote everyday citizens’ expression and understanding. The results suggest that Philosophy for Children has the potential to promote holistic goals for children and adults

困り感を持つ生徒が多数在籍する高校での「居場所」に関する考察 : 定時制課程の教師の聞き取りから

journal articl

Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor-Dependent Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule Activation Promotes Peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer

doctoral thesi