グローバルガヴァナンスと多国間主義の新たな地平

要旨...1 開会の挨拶...4 巻頭言...6 第Ⅰ部　グローバルガヴァナンスと多国間主義の新たな地平 　Forging Links between citizens' preferences and multilateral treaties...Takashi INOGUCHI...8 　軍縮・不拡散を巡る国際協調の枠組みと課題...相川一俊...12 　How to Cope with Evolution of Global Governance International Organisation : Legal Aspects, Will of States...Hajime NISHITANI...16 基調講演／Keynote speech 　The World in Flux...Vuk JEREMIĆ...20 第Ⅱ部　持続可能な未来と人間の尊厳の達成に向けて 　SDGs and ESD with special focus on Poverty issues...木曽功...28 　持続可能な開発のための2030アジェンダ : 開発問題をめぐる現状と今後の課題...田村政美...35 　平和と環境...小倉亜紗美...45 特別講演／Special Speech...Douglas RAKE...52 巻末言...55 資料1　シンポジウム・ポスター...58 資料2　参加者アンケート結果...602015年度第2回広島大学平和科学研究センター主催国際シンポジウ

When East Meets West: International Change and Its Effects on Domestic Cultural Institutions

Domestic governments increasingly face the pressure to follow policy developments occurring at the international or supranational level. Yet international laws and policies need to be “translated” to suit domestic political institutions and newly adopted policies may challenge or contradict preexisting domestic policies, institutions, and interests. To explore the domestic impact of international institutional developments, we studied the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage and its adoption in four countries (Japan, China, France, and Germany). Using historical institutionalism, this comparative case study sheds light on the effects of the Convention on cultural governance systems in two supposedly different “camps” within the UNESCO: the East and the West. The study argues that it is the interaction and entangled relationship of exogenous and endogenous factors over time, particularly the timing and sequence in which they constrain and facilitate change, which shape actors’ preferences and institutional development at both levels

Synthesis and Functional Characterization of Novel Sialyl LewisX Mimic-Decorated Liposomes for E‑selectin-Mediated Targeting to Inflamed Endothelial Cells

Sialyl LewisX (sLeX) is a natural ligand of E-selectin that is overexpressed by inflamed and tumor endothelium. Although sLeX is a potential ligand for drug targeting, synthesis of the tetrasaccharide is complicated with many reaction steps. In this study, structurally simplified novel sLeX analogues were designed and linked with 1,2-distearoyl-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene glycol-2000 (DSPE-PEG) for E-selectin-mediated liposomal delivery. The sLeX structural simplification strategies include (1) replacement of the Gal-GlcNAc disaccharide unit with lactose to reduce many initial steps and (2) substitution of neuraminic acid with a negatively charged group, i.e., 3′-sulfo, 3′-carboxymethyl (3′-CM), or 3′-(1-carboxy)­ethyl (3′-CE). While all the liposomes developed were similar in particle size and charge, the 3′-CE sLeX mimic liposome demonstrated the highest uptake in inflammatory cytokine-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), being even more potent than native sLeX-decorated liposomes. Inhibition studies using antiselectin antibodies revealed that their uptake was mediated primarily by overexpressed E-selectin on inflamed HUVECs. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to gain mechanistic insight into the E-selectin binding differences among native and mimic sLeX. The terminally branched methyl group of the 3′-CE sLeX mimic oriented and faced the bulk hydrophilic solution during E-selectin binding. Since this state is entropically unfavorable, the 3′-CE sLeX mimic molecule might be pushed toward the binding pocket of E-selectin by a hydrophobic effect, leading to a higher probability of hydrogen-bond formation than native sLeX and the 3′-CM sLeX mimic. This corresponded with the fact that the 3′-CE sLeX mimic liposome exhibited much greater uptake than the 3′-CM sLeX mimic liposome