Performance Evaluation of Triple band Microstrip Antenna using Hybrid SRRs on Fractal Ground Plane

A single-band monopole antenna, transformed into a triple-band antenna for S-band and C-band applications is reported in this paper. This transformation is done with the help of two different hybrid SRR unit cells, which are embedded on the truncated ground plane of the antenna. These hybrid SRR unit cells are created by combining square split ring and circular split ring into two different configurations. Simulated results are in coherence with the measured results and analysis is provided to evaluate the efficacy of the design. This analysis can be used to estimate the usefulness of metamaterial unit cells in generating multiple frequency bands. The operating frequency bands measured are 2.72-2.83GHz, 3.54-4.35 GHz, and 4.72-5 GHz respectively. These bands are being used in the mid-band frequency range of 5G communication in many countries. The developed antenna is miniaturized to the size of 0.19λ0 ×0.25λ0 (λ0 is the free space wavelength at 2.72 GHz). Two objectives i.e., miniaturization and multi-banding are fulfilled in a single design. The introduction of different hybrid SRR unit cells at defective ground plane causes multi-banding and resonance of a unit cell at a lower frequency leads to an increase in the effective electrical length of the antenna without increasing its physical size. The metamaterial characteristic of the unit cells is also verified in the article

Compression And Flexural Properties Of Finger Jointed Mango Wood Sections

In this paper, an attempt was made to assess the effectiveness of finger jointing in utilising mango wood sections for various end uses like furniture. The study was based on the estimation of Modulus of elasticity and Modulus of rupture under static bending and Maximum Crushing Stress and Modulus of elasticity under compression parallel to grain of finger jointed sections and comparing them with the values measured for clear wood sections from the same lot. For joining the sections, the Poly Vinyl Acetate and Urea Formaldehyde  adhesives were used. It was found that the Modulus of elasticity of the sections joined by either adhesive showed significantly better values than that of unjointed clear wood sections. The Modulus of rupture values of sections joined with Urea Formaldehyde  were similar to those of unjointed clear wood sections. However, sections jointed with Poly Vinyl Acetate adhesive exhibited lower Modulus of rupture.  Under compression, the parameters of the jointed sections joined with either adhesive were either similar or better than those of the unjointed clear wood sections. The study demonstrates the utility of finger jointing of mango wood sections for furniture parts especially with the Urea Formaldehyde  adhesive

Regional characterization of pigeonpea sterility mosaic disease and exploring broad-based resistance

Pigeonpea sterility mosaic disease (SMD) caused by Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV) is a serious threat to pigeonpea production in the Indian-subcontinent. Recent reports on the possible existence of two different viruses associated with the SMD further complicate the etiology of this difficult to manage viral disease. In this regard, a comprehensive and systematic survey was taken up across several pigeonpea growing areas in southern India to know the disease prevalence and variability in virus isolates. Further, selected pigeonpea elite genotypes were screened in different locations for their broad-based resistance. Results indicate huge variation in SMD incidence among the surveyed states. The highest disease incidence (9.38 percent) was observed in Karnataka, followed by Tamil Nadu state with 8.44 per cent incidence. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states recorded disease incidences of 4.51 and 2.08 per cent respectively. Samples collected from Patancheru location and tested using viral-specific RNA-3 segment primers were all positive for both the viruses. However, one of the samples collected from Bengaluru location and four samples from Coimbatore location had a positive reaction for PPSMV-2 only. In order to identify broad-based resistance to SMD, 20 pigeonpea genotypes were screened in three different locations (Patancheru, Bengaluru and Coimbatore) in southern-India during rainy seasons of 2017 and 2018. Among them, ICPL- 16078, ICPL-16086 and ICPL-16087 showed resistance reaction ((≤10 % incidence) in all the three locations, whereas, ICPL-16072, ICPL-16077 and ICPL-16083 showed resistance to Patancheru and Coimbatore isolates but highly susceptible (≥40 % incidence) to Bengaluru isolate

Congo red dye agar test as an indicator test for detection of invasive bovine Escherichia coli

Congo red dye agar test (CR test) has been used to differentiate invasive and non invasive E. coli in poultry. This simple test was used to detect enteroinvasive E. coli of bovine origin, isolated from cases of neonatal calf diarrhoea. Out of 97 isolates tested 46 showed CR-positive reaction, while 51 were CR negative. Upon confirmation with the Sereny test, a standard test for detection of invasiveness, CR test was found 100% specific and 58.89% sensitive. This test can be used for primary screening of non invasive E. coli from potentially invasive E. coli

Status of Serum Fructosamine in Diabetic Subjects in Udaipur, Rajasthan

Background: Estimation of glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine in diabetic patient for the assessment of glycemic control isgaining importance now a day. Little data is available about assessment of fructosamine in our area. Hence the present study was undertaken to know the levels of fructosamine in diabetic patients. Material and Methods: Total 150 subjects were involved in present study and divided into two groups. Out of 150 subjects 50 were healthy subjects and 100 type II diabetes mellitus patients. In all subjects, fasting blood glucose level, postprandial blood glucose level, glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine were measured. Results: Fasting and post prandial blood glucose was significantly increased in diabetic patient as compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). Moreover, the glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine levels were significantly increased in diabetic patient (P < 0.001). However, when these parameters were used to see the difference between males and females, there was no statistical difference seen. Conclusion: The results of current study show that glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine levels are significantly increased in diabetic patients and measurement of fructosamine is having more importance than glycated haemoglobin

Compression and flexural properties of finger jointed mango wood sections

In this paper, an attempt was made to assess the effectiveness of finger jointing in utilising mango wood sections for various end uses like furniture. The study was based on the estimation of Modulus of elasticity and Modulus of rupture under static bending and Maximum Crushing Stress and Modulus of elasticity under compression parallel to grain of finger jointed sections and comparing them with the values measured for clear wood sections from the same lot. For joining the sections, the Poly Vinyl Acetate and Urea Formaldehyde adhesives were used. It was found that the Modulus of elasticity of the sections joined by either adhesive showed significantly better values than that of unjointed clear wood sections. The Modulus of rupture values of sections joined with Urea Formaldehyde were similar to those of unjointed clear wood sections. However, sections jointed with Poly Vinyl Acetate adhesive exhibited lower Modulus of rupture. Under compression, the parameters of the jointed sections joined with either adhesive were either similar or better than those of the unjointed clear wood sections. The study demonstrates the utility of finger jointing of mango wood sections for furniture parts especially with the Urea Formaldehyde adhesive

Compression and flexural properties of finger jointed mango wood sections

In this paper, an attempt was made to assess the effectiveness of finger jointing in utilising mango wood sections for various end uses like furniture. The study was based on the estimation of Modulus of elasticity and Modulus of rupture under static bending and Maximum Crushing Stress and Modulus of elasticity under compression parallel to grain of finger jointed sections and comparing them with the values measured for clear wood sections from the same lot. For joining the sections, the Poly Vinyl Acetate and Urea Formaldehyde adhesives were used. It was found that the Modulus of elasticity of the sections joined by either adhesive showed significantly better values than that of unjointed clear wood sections. The Modulus of rupture values of sections joined with Urea Formaldehyde were similar to those of unjointed clear wood sections. However, sections jointed with Poly Vinyl Acetate adhesive exhibited lower Modulus of rupture. Under compression, the parameters of the jointed sections joined with either adhesive were either similar or better than those of the unjointed clear wood sections. The study demonstrates the utility of finger jointing of mango wood sections for furniture parts especially with the Urea Formaldehyde adhesive

Variations in binding conformations of small molecules to proteins: A study using Protein Data Bank

106-110There are several databases incorporating vast data available on the protein structures and small molecules. They are useful in many fields of chemistry and biology for understanding the chemical and biological significance of the entries in the databases. Since the biochemical as well as pharmaceutical sciences are the interface for both chemistry and biology, understanding the effect of chemicals on biological molecules is an important issue. While vast data is being generated on this front, these are not compiled or arranged in a proper way for user-friendly retrieval. The biological activity of a molecule is directly related to the way the molecule is bound to its target protein. There are many examples in the Protein Data Bank where small molecules are bound to proteins in different conformations. Some features of ligand conformational flexibility are presented in this paper