ПРОНИКНОВЕНИЕ ЗВУКОВОГО ПОЛЯ ЧЕРЕЗ МНОГОСЛОЙНУЮ СФЕРИЧЕСКУЮ ОБОЛОЧКУ

An analytical solution of the boundary problem describing the process of penetration of thesound field of a spherical emitter located inside a thin unclosed spherical shell through a permeable multilayered spherical shell is considered. The influence of some parameters of the problem on the value of the sound field weakening (screening) coefficient is studied via a numerical simulation.Рассматривается аналитико-численный алгоритм решения граничной задачи, описывающей процесс проникновения звукового поля сферического излучателя, который расположен внутри тон-кой незамкнутой сферической оболочки, через проницаемую многослойную сферическую оболочку. Численно исследуется влияние некоторых параметров задачи на значение коэффициента ослабления (экранирования) звукового поля внутри сферической оболочки

ЭКРАНИРОВАНИЕ ЗВУКОВОГО ПОЛЯ ПЛОСКИМ УПРУГИМ СЛОЕМ И ТОНКОЙ НЕЗАМКНУТОЙ СФЕРИЧЕСКОЙ ОБОЛОЧКОЙ

An analytical solution of a boundary problem describing the process of penetration of a sound field of a spherical radiator located inside a thin unclosed spherical shell through a flat elastic layer is constructed. An influence of some parameters of the problem on the value of the attenuation coeffi-cient (screening) of the sound field was studied by using a numerical simulation.Рассматривается аналитико-численный алгоритм решения граничной задачи, описывающей процесс проникновения звукового поля сферического излучателя, который расположен внутри тонкой незамкнутой сферической оболочки, через плоский упругий слой. Численно исследуется влияние некоторых параметров задачи на значение коэффициента ослабления (экранирования) звукового поля

Tuberculosis in HIV-infected children in Europe, Thailand and Brazil: paediatric TB-HIV EuroCoord study

SETTING: Centres participating in the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA), including Thailand and Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, presentation, treatment and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. DESIGN: Observational study of TB diagnosed in HIV-infected children in 2011–2013. RESULTS: Of 4265 children aged <16 years, 127 (3%) were diagnosed with TB: 6 (5%) in Western Europe, 80 (63%) in Eastern Europe, 27 (21%) in Thailand and 14 (11%) in Brazil, with estimated TB incidence rates of respectively 239, 982, 1633 and 2551 per 100 000 person-years (py). The majority (94%) had acquired HIV perinatally. The median age at TB diagnosis was 6.8 years (interquartile range 3.0–11.5). Over half (52%) had advanced/severe World Health Organization stage immunodeficiency; 67 (53%) were not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at TB diagnosis. Preventive anti-tuberculosis treatment was given to 23% (n = 23) of 102 children diagnosed with HIV before TB. Eleven children had unfavourable TB outcomes: 4 died, 5 did not complete treatment, 1 had recurrent TB and 1 had an unknown outcome. In univariable analysis, previous diagnosis of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome, not being virologically suppressed on ART at TB diagnosis and region (Brazil) were significantly associated with unfavourable TB outcomes. CONCLUSION: Most TB cases were from countries with high TB prevalence. The majority (91%) had favourable outcomes. Universal ART and TB prophylaxis may reduce missed opportunities for TB prevention

РИСК РАЗВИТИЯ ОПУХОЛИ ГОНАД У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ДИСГЕНЕЗИЕЙ ГОНАД И КАРИОТИПОМ 46,XY

Disorders of sex development with Y chromosome material has been associated with a high risk for developing germ cell tumors such as gonadoblastoma or dysgerminoma. The aim of the study was to investigate the risk of germ cell tumors in patients with XY gonadal dysgenesis. Material and methods. In the study included 11 patients with XY gonadal dysgenesis: 4 with complete gonadal dysgenesis and 4 with partial gonadal dysgenesis. Results. Pathologic examination revealed gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma with gonadoblastoma in 2 of 9 (22%) patients (who had gonadectomy), including 2 of 3 patients (66 %) with complete gonadal dysgenesis. In our series of patients with gonadal dysgenesis 46,XY the risk of germ cell tumors was high, especially in patients with complete gonadal dysgenesis. Considering this results, early gonadectomy is strongly recommended in females patients. The patients with partial dysgenesis with scrotal gonads being reared as males need monitoring. Нарушение формирования пола с кариотипом 46,XY или наличием в кариотипе материала Y-хро­мосомы рассматривается в качестве фактора риска опухоли гонад из герминативных клеток: гонадобластомы и дисгерминомы. Однако характер риска при различных вариантах нарушения формирования пола окончательно не установлен.Цель исследования – определить риск развития опухоли из герминативных клеток при одном из вариантов нарушения формирования пола – дисгенезии яичек с кариотипом 46,XY.Материал и методы. В исследование включено 11 пациентов с дисгенезией яичек и кариотипом 46,XY. В 4 наблюдениях имела место тотальная, в 7 – парциальная дисгенезия яичек. В 9 случаях проведена гонадэктомия с последующим гистологическим исследованием материала.Результаты. По результатам гистологического исследования гонадобластома и дисгерминома выявлены в 2 (22%) из 9 наблюдений. При этом гонадобластома и дисгерминома имели место в 2 (66%) из 3 наблюдений при тотальной дисгенезии яичек, и не выявлены ни в одном из 6 случаев парциальной дисгенезии яичек (p = 0,1).Заключение. Таким образом, дисгенезия яичек с кариотипоп 46,XY является фактором риска развития опухоли из герминативных клеток. При тотальной форме дисгенезии яичек риск развития опухоли несколько выше. Необходимо производить гонадэктомию при тотальной дисгенезии яичек в момент выявления заболевания. При парциальной дисгенезии яичек и выборе мужского паспортного пола требуется длительное наблюдение за сохраненными гонадами

Benchmarking Materials Property Prediction Methods: The Matbench Test Set and Automatminer Reference Algorithm

We present a benchmark test suite and an automated machine learning procedure for evaluating supervised machine learning (ML) models for predicting properties of inorganic bulk materials. The test suite, Matbench, is a set of 13 ML tasks that range in size from 312 to 132k samples and contain data from 10 density functional theory-derived and experimental sources. Tasks include predicting optical, thermal, electronic, thermodynamic, tensile, and elastic properties given a materials composition and/or crystal structure. The reference algorithm, Automatminer, is a highly-extensible, fully-automated ML pipeline for predicting materials properties from materials primitives (such as composition and crystal structure) without user intervention or hyperparameter tuning. We test Automatminer on the Matbench test suite and compare its predictive power with state-of-the-art crystal graph neural networks and a traditional descriptor-based Random Forest model. We find Automatminer achieves the best performance on 8 of 13 tasks in the benchmark. We also show our test suite is capable of exposing predictive advantages of each algorithm - namely, that crystal graph methods appear to outperform traditional machine learning methods given ~10^4 or greater data points. The pre-processed, ready-to-use Matbench tasks and the Automatminer source code are open source and available online (http://hackingmaterials.lbl.gov/automatminer/). We encourage evaluating new materials ML algorithms on the MatBench benchmark and comparing them against the latest version of Automatminer.Comment: Main text, supplemental inf

Machine learning for molecular and materials science

Here we summarize recent progress in machine learning for the chemical sciences. We outline machine-learning techniques that are suitable for addressing research questions in this domain, as well as future directions for the field. We envisage a future in which the design, synthesis, characterization and application of molecules and materials is accelerated by artificial intelligence.</p

PENETRATION OF A SOUND FIELD THROUGH A MULTILAYERED SPHERICAL SHELL

An analytical solution of the boundary problem describing the process of penetration of thesound field of a spherical emitter located inside a thin unclosed spherical shell through a permeable multilayered spherical shell is considered. The influence of some parameters of the problem on the value of the sound field weakening (screening) coefficient is studied via a numerical simulation

Figs. 8–9. Eurysphindus comatulus larval maxillolabial complex. 7 in First Descriptions for Larval Stages of Eurysphindus (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Sphindidae)

Figs. 8–9. Eurysphindus comatulus larval maxillolabial complex. 7) Dorsal; 8) ventral.Published as part of &lt;i&gt;McHugh, Joseph V. &amp; Kiselyova, Tatiana G., 2003, First Descriptions for Larval Stages of Eurysphindus (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Sphindidae), pp. 17-25 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (1)&lt;/i&gt; on page 21, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X(2003)057[0017:FDFLSO]2.0.CO;2, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10103378"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/10103378&lt;/a&gt