A Bükk hegység szilikátos és palás alapkőzetű területeinek feldolgozása kryptogám szervezeteinek diverzitása, elterjedése és cönológiája alapján = Diversity, distribution, coenology of the cryptogams in the silicate and slate bedrock areas of the Bükk Mountains

Megállapítható, hogy a mészkerülő sziklai- és erdőtársulásokban igen gazdag virágtalan vegetáció alakul ki, jellemző gomba-, zuzmó és mohafajokból, melyek sajátos szinúziumokat, esetenként önálló társulásokat alkotnak. Florisztikai gyűjtéseket végeztünk talajról, szikláról és fakéregről egyaránt, ennek eredményeképpen 250 gomba, 200 zuzmó és 600 kapszula mohát gyűjtöttünk be, ezek meghatározása után 148 nagygomba, 49 zuzmó és 149 mohafajt mutattunk ki. A gombák közül 6 új a Bükkre, 2 védett, a zuzmófajok között 2 Magyarországon, 5 pedig Bükkre újnak bizonyult, 1 védett, a mohafajok között 4 ritka és védett fajt fedeztünk fel. A meghatározott anyagok az EKF Herbáriumában (EGR) és az MTM Növénytárában (BP) vannak elhelyezve. Elvégeztük a virágtalanok ökológiai és cönológiai elemzését az áreatípus, a társulástani besorolás és ökológiai jelzőszámok alapján is. Megállapítható, hogy a moha-zuzmó társulások fajai nagyrészt cirkumpoláris elemek, dominálnak a lomberdei fajok, az eltolódás viszont a savanyú talajviszonyok miatt a fenyves fajösszetétel felé irányul. A klasszikus és kisnégyzetes felvételezések megerősítették a korábbi publikációkban leírtakat, azaz a mészkerülő erdők jellemzője, hogy moha-zuzmóban gazdag aljnövényzet jön létre, mely önálló fáciesek, szubasszociációk elkülönítéséhez vezet. A tásulások diverzitási viszonyai azt mutatják, hogy e társulások a védendők közé sorolhatók, veszélyeztető tényezők az erdészet, vadtaposás és a vadászat. | Stinking rich cryptogamic vegetation occurs on the acidic soil of rocky and forest associations, composed by typical fungi, lichen and bryophyte species. They forms specific synusiae or occasionally independent associations. We carried out detailed floristical collections from soil, rock and bark equally. 250 fungi, 200 lichens and more than 600 capsules of mosses were collected. Following identification were recorded: 148 mushrooms 49 lichens and 149 bryophyte species, 6 new and 2 protected fungi were found and also, among lichens 1 protected and 2 species were new for Hungary and 5 for the Bükk area. Among the bryophytes we have found 4 rare, protected species. Collected and identified species were deposited in the herbaria of Eger (EGR) and at NHM Budapest (BP). Ecological and phytocenological investigation of cryptogams were done based on area type, associations classification and ecological index. We established that elements of moss-lichen associations are predominantly circumpolar, dominates deciduous forest species, shifting directed towards the pinewood species composition, because of acidic soil character. Classical and small-squared method records confirmed the facts published previously; rich bryophyte and lichen undergrowth occurs in acidophilous forests, which leads to independent subassociations. Diversity relations of associations indicate that these must be enumerated among protected ones. Endangering factors are: forestry, animal disturbance and hunting

Structural studies on the chiral selector capacity of cyclodextrin derivatives

Chromatographic separation of enantiomers to assure or enhance chiral purity is of considerable importance and can be achieved by the use of selectors of great structural variety. Cyclodextrins are an important and frequently used class, and they are multimodal selectors since multiple chiral interactions are possible by very different mechanisms. Here, the results of a preliminary examination on the possible value of computational molecular modeling approaches for the predictability of cyclodextrin selector effects for compounds that possess both geometrical and optical isomerism are presented. Interactions between various cyclodextrins and pyrethroic acids are modeled, interpreted, and compared to experimental capillary electrophoresis data

Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy. RESULTS: In all, 14,752 patients (of whom 10,782 [73.1%] had previous cardiovascular disease) were followed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.4). A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority). The rates of death from cardiovascular causes, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and the incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes