General covariant Horava-Lifshitz gravity without projectability condition and its applications to cosmology

We consider an extended theory of Horava-Lifshitz gravity with the detailed balance condition softly breaking, but without the projectability condition. With the former, the number of independent coupling constants is significantly reduced. With the latter and by extending the original foliation-preserving diffeomorphism symmetry ${{Diff}}(M, {\cal{F}})$ to include a local U(1) symmetry, the spin-0 gravitons are eliminated. Thus, all the problems related to them disappear, including the instability, strong coupling, and different speeds in the gravitational sector. When the theory couples to a scalar field, we find that the scalar field is not only stable in both the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR), but also free of the strong coupling problem, because of the presence of high-order spatial derivative terms of the scalar field. Furthermore, applying the theory to cosmology, we find that due to the additional U(1) symmetry, the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe is necessarily flat. We also investigate the scalar, vector, and tensor perturbations of the flat FRW universe, and derive the general linearized field equations for each kind of the perturbations.Comment: 19 pages, comments are welcome!!

Detailed balance in Horava-Lifshitz gravity

We study Horava-Lifshitz gravity in the presence of a scalar field. When the detailed balance condition is implemented, a new term in the gravitational sector is added in order to maintain ultraviolet stability. The four-dimensional theory is of a scalar-tensor type with a positive cosmological constant and gravity is nonminimally coupled with the scalar and its gradient terms. The scalar field has a double-well potential and, if required to play the role of the inflation, can produce a scale-invariant spectrum. The total action is rather complicated and there is no analog of the Einstein frame where Lorentz invariance is recovered in the infrared. For these reasons it may be necessary to abandon detailed balance. We comment on open problems and future directions in anisotropic critical models of gravity.Comment: 10 pages. v2: discussion expanded and improved, section on generalizations added, typos corrected, references added, conclusions unchange

University as an Environment of Innovative Interactions

Orenburg State University is presented as an environment of multilevel multidimensional interaction of various subjects. The dynamics of value interaction between students and teachers is revealed. In the conditions of modern social and digital transformations, the nature of joint activity is changing from formal-reproductive to value-creative. It is pointed out that the dominant instrumental values of students are shifting due to the information and technological features of distance educational technologies. Youth interactions and socio-cultural practices are integrated into the comprehensive program for the development of the OSU socio-cultural environment on the basis of various project activities. The implementation of the program is characterized by receiving grant support for student initiatives. International aspects of university interaction are represented by the development of forms of scientific and educational export to universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Development of Youth Communities in the University Ecosystem: Resources, Projects, and Risks

The article explores the development of youth communities in the ecosystem of the Orenburg State University. The modern university is designed to create new conditions for the development of youth communities. The study of students’ creative challenges demonstrates a wide range of aspirations and needs, their uncertainty and spontaneity. The answer to creative challenges is timely competent navigation and organizational and pedagogical support of young people for integration into socially positive communities. A regional university can become a center, space and mobilizer for the development of youth communities. Youth communities are dynamically changing, their reality goes beyond educational and scientific activities. In this regard, the traditional scientist-oriented model of the university is being transformed into an ecosystem model, which equally reveals the areas of training, development and education. Modern education at the empirical level masters the ecosystem approach. The article aims at revealing resources, projects, and risks of youth communities development in the conditions of the formation of a regional university ecosystem. The subject of study is the structure, axiological, organizational and procedural foundations of the university ecosystem. The resources, methods and risks of developing modern youth communities also represent the perspective of the study of the humanities. Ecosystem resources of the Orenburg State University are presented in many aspects: axiology and pedagogical technologies, projects of the Priority 2030 program, integration with the Orenburg University (Educational) District Association, international educational cooperation with universities in Kazakhstan. The article identifies external and internal risks specific to the development of youth communities in the logic of “potential applicants – university ecosystem – potential employers” based on the study of accelerator programs, streams, online surveys

Student Attitude to Internet Search Engines: Navigation and Optimization Problems

The article relevance. Currently, the world is rapidly undergoing the process of Informatization of all aspects of society, the development and introduction of new information technologies. This highlights the need for further reflection and research on the development of the Internet and its opening opportunities for people. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of the attitude of students to search and recommendation services on the Internet. Research methods: as a research method, we used a questionnaire survey as a method of collecting primary information, which allows us to identify various aspects related to the attitude of students to search and recommendation systems on the Internet. Research results: the article examines the specifics of Russian search and recommendation systems, students' attitude to these services, and their place in their lives. The novelty and originality of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the search and recommendation services of the Internet space were studied. It is shown that these services were initially developed in the sphere of culture and gradually began to spread to other spheres of people's life, which attracted e-Commerce figures. It is revealed that those students who discovered search and recommendation services a few years ago still use them to choose leisure activities. It is shown that students still identify some disadvantages of these systems: inaccurate recommendations, a large number of questions to determine preferences. There is some distrust to new Internet technologies among those who are used to relying on their intuition when choosing. It is determined that students often use search and recommendation services, since in most cases gadgets help them spend their free time, have fun: read a book, watch a movie, listen to music. It is revealed that the majority of students trust Internet services, although they are not always satisfied with the recommendations. It is shown that the level of student-user confidence in traditional advertising and marketing decreases simultaneously. It is determined that from the point of view of students, today not only printed versions of Newspapers, traditional radio, but even mass broadcast television are losing ground before the Internet as the most promising communication channel. Practical significance: the data Obtained in this work can be used in marketing research, economic Sciences, advertising psychology, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue

Promising genetic sources for the creation of varieties of durum spring wheat in Western Siberia

The study, expansion and preservation of the genetic diversity of the source material, and its purposeful use in hybridization is the basis for the creation of adaptive varieties of durum spring wheat that are resistant to biotic and abiotic factors of the environment of Western Siberia. The objects of research were samples of durum spring wheat. Over the years of research (2000–2020), about 3 thousand samples were worked out from the world gene pool of various countries and regions: from the collection of the VIR, the gene pool from Mexico (CIMMYT) within the framework of the agreement and cooperation program (2000–2007), from 2000 to the present time under the program of the Kazakh-Siberian Spring Wheat Breeding Network (KASIB), from other scientific institutions of Russia in exchange activities. Using generally accepted techniques, the obtained material was studied for a complex of traits: yield, adaptability, grain quality, resistance to diseases. In the cycle of studying the gene pool from CIMMYT, 50 genotypes were identified in terms of yield at the level of the Omskaja jantarnaja standard, 276 grains by test weight, 131 samples by pasta color, 131 samples by resistance to hard smut, and 112 by resistance to powdery mildew. Almost all samples were not affected by leaf rust. The study set showed high sensitivity to extreme conditions and most forms of interest in quality and disease resistance were low-productive in our environment. In KASIB nurseries, 29 samples were identified in terms of yield and adaptability, 29 samples in terms of grain quality, 21 in terms of resistance to diseases, including 8 resistant to stem rust. In the set of varieties received from the VIR, 15 genotypes were adaptive, 16 had high grain quality, 11 were resistant to stem rust. In the breeding material, 17 samples of the local population resistant to stem rust (6 of them were comprehensively resistant) and 25 race-resistant to Ug99 were identified. The genotypes identified as a result of research are of interest as sources of valuable traits

Оценка адаптивной способности и взаимодействий генотипа и среды перспективных линий яровой твердой пшеницы в условиях Омской области

The stability of grain production largely depends on prevailing weather conditions and cultivation technology. It also depends on the ability of the variety to maintain a high-level yield and grain quality under adverse environmental conditions. The study aims to determine the adaptive properties and genotype-medium interactions in yield formation in spring durum wheat lines. The authors conducted field research in 2019-2021 based on the breeding rotation of the durum wheat breeding laboratory of the FSBSI Omsk Research Center. The authors also conducted research at a seed production site in the steppe zone in the village of Novouralskiy, Tavrinsky district, Omsk region. Competitive varietal trials were laid on the pure pairing of 40 numbers and three registry varieties. The area of the plots was ten m², the repetition was double, and the placement was randomized. Weather conditions were contrasting both in terms of precipitation and temperature regime. Atypical meteorological conditions prevailed in 2019: favorable in the first vegetation period and drought conditions in the second (Volga type of drought). Drought conditions were observed throughout the summer of 2020. The most unfavorable conditions for grain filling and ripening occurred in 2021. Ecological plasticity parameters were calculated according to S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russel. AMMI-analysis (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) were determined according to R.W Zobel et al. The analysis showed the effectiveness of differentiation of genotype response to the environment by AMMI-analysis and the model of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell. At the same time, AMMI analysis with graphs was more informative. The varieties Gordeiforme 11-70-7-7, Gordeiforme 11-47-1, and Gordeiforme 11-49-1-1 proved to be most responsive to changing growing conditions. The genotypes Gordeiforme 14-83-1, Gordeiforme 13-18-3, and Gordeiforme 13-37-2 stably form high productivity. The line of the variety Gordeiforme 12-11-7 has the least interaction between genotype and environment.Стабильность производства зерна во многом зависит от складывающихся погодных условий, технологии возделывания и способности сорта сохранить высокий уровень урожайности и качества зерна при воздействии неблагоприятных условий среды. Цель исследований – определение адаптивных свойств и генотип-средовых взаимодействий в формировании урожайности у линий яровой твердой пшеницы. Полевые исследования выполнялись в 2019–2021 гг. на базе селекционного севооборота лаборатории селекции твердой пшеницы ФГБНУ «Омский АНЦ», а также на опорном пункте семеноводства в степной зоне в пос. Новоуральский Таврического района Омской области. Конкурсное сортоиспытание было заложено по чистому пару в количестве 40 номеров и 3 реестровых сорта. Площадь делянок 10 м², повторность двукратная, размещение рендомизированное. Погодные условия отличались контрастностью как по осадкам, так и по температурному режиму. В 2019 г. сложились нетипичные метеорологические условия: благоприятные в первый период вегетации и засушливые во второй (поволжский тип засухи), в 2020 г. засуха наблюдалась в течение всего лета. Самые неблагоприятные условия для налива и созревания зерна складывались в 2021 г. Параметры экологической пластичности рассчитывали по S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russel. Эффекты аддитивных и мультипликативных взаимодействий (АММИ-анализ) были определены по R.W Zobel и др. Проведенный анализ показал эффективность дифференциации реакции генотипа на окружающую среду AMMI-анализа и модели S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell. В то же время AMMI-анализ с отображением графиков был более информативен. Наиболее отзывчивыми на изменение условий произрастания оказались Гордеиформе 11-70-7, Гордеиформе 11-47-1 и Гордеиформе 11-49-1-1. Стабильно формируют высокую продуктивность генотипы Гордеиформе 14-83-1, Гордеиформе 13-18-3, Гордеиформе 13-37-2. Наименьшее взаимодействие генотипа и среды отмечается у линии Гордеиформе 12-11-7

Стекловидность зерна и оценка адаптивной способности перспективных линий яровой твёрдой пшеницы в условиях Омской области

The authors studied varieties and lines of durum spring wheat according to grain vitreousness in 2019–2022 based on the selected crop rotation of the durum wheat laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Omsk ANC”, as well as at the stronghold of seed production in the steppe zone in the village Novouralsky of the Tavrichesky district of the Omsk region. Competitive variety testing was based on a pure fallow of 26 numbers, five varieties. The area of plots is ten m², repeated four times; the placement is randomised. The weather conditions differed, in contrast, both in terms of precipitation and temperature regime. In 2019, atypical meteorological conditions developed: favourable in the first growing season and dry in the second (Volga type of drought); in 2020, a deficit was observed throughout the summer. The most unfavourable conditions for filling and ripening of grain took shape in 2021 and 2022. Ecological plasticity parameters were calculated according to S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell. The effects of additive and multiplicative interactions (AMMI-analysis) were determined by R.W. Zobel et al. The analysis showed the effectiveness of differentiating the genotype’s response to the AMMI analysis’s environment and the S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell. Average vitreousness for 2019–2022 amounted to 57.5%. According to varieties and lines, vitreousness varied from 54 to 62%. The lines Gordeiforme 12-11-7 and Gordeiforme 14-83-1 were the most responsive to changing environmental conditions. For cultivation in Western Siberia, the following varieties are recommended: Omsk malachite and the line Gordeiforme 12-75-3.Изучение сортов и линий твердой яровой пшеницы по стекловидности зерна проводили в 2019–2022 гг. на базе селекционного севооборота лаборатории твердой пшеницы ФГБНУ «Омский АНЦ», а также на опорном пункте семеноводства в степной зоне в пос. Новоуральский Таврического района Омской области. Конкурсное сортоиспытание было заложено по чистому пару в количестве 26 номеров, из них 5 сортов. Площадь делянок 10 м², повторность четырехкратная, размещение рендомизированное. Погодные условия отличались контрастностью как по осадкам, так и по температурному режиму. В 2019 г. сложились нетипичные метеорологические условия: благоприятные в первый период вегетации и засушливые во второй (поволжский тип засухи), в 2020 г. засуха наблюдалась в течение всего лета. Самые неблагоприятные условия налива и созревания зерна складывались в 2021 и 2022 гг. Параметры экологической пластичности рассчитывали по S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russel. Эффекты аддитивных и мультипликативных взаимодействий (АММИ-анализ) были определены по R.W. Zobel и др. Проведенный анализ показал эффективность дифференциации реакции генотипа на окружающую среду AMMИ анализа и модели S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell. Средний показатель стекловидности за 2019–2022 гг. составил 57,5%. По сортам и линиям стекловидность варьировала от 54 до 62%. Наиболее отзывчивыми на изменение условий среды оказались линии Гордеиформе 12-11-7 и Гордеиформе 14-83-1. Для возделывания в условиях Западной Сибири рекомендуются сорт: Омский малахит и линия Гордеиформе 12-75-3

Hall Normalization Constants for the Bures Volumes of the n-State Quantum Systems

We report the results of certain integrations of quantum-theoretic interest, relying, in this regard, upon recently developed parameterizations of Boya et al of the n x n density matrices, in terms of squared components of the unit (n-1)-sphere and the n x n unitary matrices. Firstly, we express the normalized volume elements of the Bures (minimal monotone) metric for n = 2 and 3, obtaining thereby "Bures prior probability distributions" over the two- and three-state systems. Then, as an essential first step in extending these results to n > 3, we determine that the "Hall normalization constant" (C_{n}) for the marginal Bures prior probability distribution over the (n-1)-dimensional simplex of the n eigenvalues of the n x n density matrices is, for n = 4, equal to 71680/pi^2. Since we also find that C_{3} = 35/pi, it follows that C_{4} is simply equal to 2^{11} C_{3}/pi. (C_{2} itself is known to equal 2/pi.) The constant C_{5} is also found. It too is associated with a remarkably simple decompositon, involving the product of the eight consecutive prime numbers from 2 to 23. We also preliminarily investigate several cases, n > 5, with the use of quasi-Monte Carlo integration. We hope that the various analyses reported will prove useful in deriving a general formula (which evidence suggests will involve the Bernoulli numbers) for the Hall normalization constant for arbitrary n. This would have diverse applications, including quantum inference and universal quantum coding.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, 6 postscript figures. Revised version to appear in J. Phys. A. We make a few slight changes from the previous version, but also add a subsection (III G) in which several variations of the basic problem are newly studied. Rather strong evidence is adduced that the Hall constants are related to partial sums of denominators of the even-indexed Bernoulli numbers, although a general formula is still lackin