Chemical Bonding Analysis on Amphoteric Hydrogen - Alkaline Earth Ammine Borohydrides

Usually the ions in solid are in the positive oxidation states or in the negative oxidation state depending upon the chemical environment. It is highly unusual for an ion having both positive as well as negative oxidation state in a particular compound. Structural analysis suggest that the alkaline earth ammine borohydrides (AABH) with the chemical formula M (BH4)2(NH3)2 (M = Mg, Ca, or Sr) where hydrogen is present in +1 and -1 oxidation states. In order to understand the oxidation states of hydrogen and also the character of chemical bond present in AABH we have made charge density, electron localization function, Born effective charge, Bader effective charge, and density of states analyses using result from the density functional calculations. Our detailed analyses show that hydrogen is in amphoteric behavior with hydrogen closer to boron is in negative oxidation state and that closer to nitrogen is in the positive oxidation state. Due to the presence of finite covalent bonding between the consitutents in AABH the oxidation state of hydrogen is non-interger value. The confirmation of the presence of amphtoric behavior of hydrogen in AABH has implication in hydrogen storage applications

Ti4+ Substituted Magnesium Hydride as Promising Material for Hydrogen Storage and Photovoltaic Applications

In order to overcome the disadvantages of MgH2 towards its applications in on-board hydrogen storage, first principle calculations have been performed for Ti (2+, 3+, and 4+) substituted MgH2. Our calculated enthalpy of formation and H site energy implies that Ti substitution in Mg site reduces the stability of MgH2 which improve the hydrogen storage properties and Ti prefers to be in +4 oxidation state in MgH2. The bonding analyses through partial density of states, electron localization function and Bader charge of these systems confirm the existence of iono-covalent bonding. Electronic structure obtained from hybrid functional calculations show that intermediate bands (IB) are formed in Ti4+ substituted MgH2 which could improve the solar cell efficiencies due to multiple photon absorption from valence band to conduction band via IBs and converts low energy photons in the solar spectrum also into electricity. Further, our calculated carrier effective masses and optical absorption spectra show that Ti4+ substituted MgH2 is suitable for higher efficiency photovoltaic applications. Our results suggest that Ti4+ substituted MgH2 can be considered as a promising material for hydrogen storage as well as photovoltaic applications

Existence of solutions of abstract fractional impulsive semilinear evolution equations

In this paper we prove the existence of solutions of fractional impulsive semilinear evolution equations in Banach spaces. A nonlocal Cauchy problem is discussed for the evolution equations. The results are obtained using fractional calculus and fixed point theorems. An example is provided to illustrate the theory

Iyothee Thass Alternate Script

Veera Maa Munivar is known as the pioneer in the reformation of Tamil script. Next to him, comes Periyar. But, Pandit Iyothee Thass, the precursor of Periyar is not brought into the picture. Iyothee Thass, a versatile scholar is not known to many because of his religious based ideologies. His research was based on the ideologies of Buddhism. All his activities were carried out following Buddha’s teachings. He whipped the Brahmins for suppressing the lay people, untouchables, Paraiyar, Pulaiyar on the basis of casteism and pointed out their mistake in treating them as slaves and pulling down their economy. He opines that Buddists and Jains protected and nurtured Tamil language. He brings out his devotion towards Buddha by interpolating Buddhas’s teachings even in the script changing process of ‘mai’ and ‘mei’

Literary Reinterpretations and Principles in Moral Texts

Grammar is an expression of political, educational and linguistic changes that take place in each era. It seems that the chronological structure of Tamil language and the lists of books have been extended through Tamil studies. However, Tolkappiyam is still the first complete text in the Tamil language. Although this book is a grammar book, it is also a book that tells the life of the ancient Tamil people. Tolkappiyam records five grammars under three divisions letter, word and meaning. Sangam literature depict the life of the ancient Tamil people. Moral literature tries to regulate ancient people's lives. Sangam literature tells the lifestyle of the people. Although the ethics of moral literature started in the literature of the Sangam period, most scholars include literature of the Sangam period in the list of virtues. The reason for such inclusion can be attributed to the extension of the list of charities. A comparison with grammar texts is essential to clarify the linguistic relevance of the texts. This article aims to investigate the archaic linguistic reference material in Pathinenkeelkanaku text and to bring out the linguistic structural features. It also reveals the difference in referential meaning used by the speakers in the literal languages, without referring to the context which has been rejected by the researchers. This article explores the referential perspective of the idioms and presents the implications

Socio-economic impacts of the adoption of MIS (Micro-irrigation system) among small and marginal farmers of Coimbatore district, India

Considerable attention has been given to micro-irrigation technologies by policymakers to help farmers in overcoming water scarcity problems. In this paper, the potential impacts of MIS on farmers’ livelihood and economic viability of using drip in banana cultivation were analyzed using discounted cash flow techniques. The study focused on small and marginal farmers of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu as they were provided with 100% subsidy. Adoption of MIS increased the total cropped area (6.54%), extended area under irrigation (6.55%), increased cropping intensity (69.19%) and irrigation intensity (70.95%). Investment on drip irrigation system by farmers were found financially feasible (NPV Rs.43,851.16, BCR 1.42 and IRR 30.88%). The study also brought out the constraints faced by farmers in the adoption of MIS such as lack of technical support, the inefficiency of the system with poor quality water and damage caused by animals. The research work would be helpful in understanding the advantages of using MIS by small and marginal farmers and problems encountered by them in adoption even though the investment was economically viable. &nbsp

Emerging Issues And Challenges Of Public Health Infrastructure Of Covid-19 In India

Today Indian health care system is in pathetic condition, its needs radical reforms to deal with new emerging challenges and issues. COVID-19 is spreading really fast around the world. The Indian government facing the problem of lack of resources and infrastructure facilities, there are insufficient number of beds, rooms, ventilators and medicines. Public health is the practice of preventing disease and promoting good health within groups of people, from small communities to entire countries. The countries concentration has been focused on the crucial need for a strong public health infrastructure to protect community health. The current study describes the situation of the outbreakofthispandemicinIndia.The studyalsodiscussestheavailabilityof public health infrastructure facilities in virus infected peoples. Public health organizations at the federal, state, tribal, local are taking steps to increase effectiveness and efficiency through its National Public Health Improvement Initiative (NPHLL), the centers for disease control and prevention supports improvements in 74 state, local and territorial health departments systems, practices, and essential services. COVID pandemic has considerably undermined the accessibility and availability of essential health services. A good health infrastructure also guarantees a country of strong and healthy way to living as well as happy life

Effect of Phase I Therapy on Salivary Carboxyterminal Telopetide of Type I Collagen in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

BACKGROUND: Salivary biomarkers are extensively studied in various fields of dentistry. Carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), a degradation product which is a marker of bone resorption is released into tissues during periodontal disease process and reaches the saliva via GCF. Changes in salivary CTX levels can be used to detect and monitor periodontal disease activity. AIM: The aim of the present study is to analyse the effect of phase I therapy in chronic periodontitis subjects by evaluating the salivary CTX levels and to compare and correlate the salivary CTX levels with clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Salivary CTX levels were determined in patients with chronic periodontitis, n=25 (study group) and healthy controls (n=20) using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The salivary CTX levels were compared and correlated with clinical parameters namely PI, GBI, PPD, CAL before and after phase I therapy. RESULTS: There was statistically significant increase in salivary CTX levels in the study group when compared to the control group (p<0.01), and these levels reduced significantly after treatment. Positive correlation was shown between the clinical parameters and salivary CTX levels but the correlation was not significant in both the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In the present study, there was a significant difference in salivary CTX levels between the groups and a significant decrease in these levels was observed after phase I therapy in the study group. This signifies that the detection of CTX in saliva may be useful to detect individuals at risk, the periodontal disease activity and its response to periodontal therapy

Studies on Yeast Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer’s Disease

Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease which affects the motor neurons. TDP- 43 was identified as the pathogenic protein in ALS. The cause of the sporadic ALS is unknown but, there are some links with occupations involving heavy labour, exposure to heavy metals, or a history of traumatic injury. TDP- 43 has been expressed in yeast to act as a disease model for ALS. This model exhibits some of the pathological features associated with ALS in humans, like cytoplasmic aggregation of the protein and cytotoxicity. In this work, yeast model of ALS was studied using fluorescence microscopy and spot assay to check for toxic effect of TDP43-YFP expression on the growth of cells. When basal level of protein expression is maintained, diffused fluorescence is observed which implies the protein is in monomeric state. When the protein is over expressed, the TDP43-YFP fusion proteins tend to aggregate and form fluorescent foci. The TDP43-YFP when expressed in yeast forms toxic aggregates which hinders the growth of cells. Effect of zinc was also checked on the aggregation of TDP43- YFP. The data shows that zinc promotes the aggregation of TDP43- YFP in yeast