Urban wetland parks in Finland: improving water quality and creating endangered habitats

Urbanization changes water balance, degrades water quality and disrupts habitats. Wetlands offer storm water volume and flow control, water pollution mitigation, and rich land–water interphase habitats. In the present case study, urban wetlands were designed and implemented to provide multiple functions, including water quality improvement and the establishment of critically endangered clay stream habitat, along a revived urban stream within the Baltic Sea watershed in Southern Finland. The primary water quality concern in the recipient lake is algal bloom controlling and clay particle-carried phosphorus. Wetlands were monitored for functioning over five calendar years. At a wetland monitored for 5 years, herbaceous vegetation was well self-established in the second year, and reached 102 species, of which 97% were native, in the fifth growing season. Successful breeding of amphibians and water birds occurred right after construction. Continuous water quality monitoring over the fourth year at this wetland, with 0.1% area of its watershed, revealed seasonal and event-based differences: for total phosphorus, an annual 10% average with lower removal rates outside, and up to 71% event reductions during the growing season, while highest load reductions occurred during heavy rain and snowmelt events outside the growing season. The created wetlands provided critical habitat and beneficial functions and thus compensated partly for urbanization.Peer reviewe

A Picture of the Research Field of Doctoral Education from the Students’ Perspectives : Studies Using Questionnaires and Scales

Peer reviewe

Ekspatriaattien sopeutuminen ja persoonallisuustyypit

Tutkimuksen perusongelmana oli selvittää, onko persoonallisuustyypeillä merkitystä ekspatriaatin sopeutumisessa ulkomaankomennuksella.Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin miten kohderyhmänä olleet ekspatriaatit ovat omasta mielestään sopeutuneet ulkomaankomennukselle ja mihin MBTI-tyyppeihin he kuuluvat. Lisäksi selvitettiin kohderyhmän ekspatriaatin sopeutumisen ja MBTI-tyypin mahdollista yhteyttä. Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto (25 henkilöä) koostui erään suomalaisen kansainvälisen suuryrityksen ekspatriaateista, jotka vastasivat sekä sopeutumista koskevaan kyselylomakkeeseen että MBTI-persoonallisuustyyppiä kartoittaviin lomakkeisiin. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin sopeutumisen osalta kyselytutkimusta ja persoonallisuuspreferenssien osalta tutkimusmenetelmänä oli Myers Briggs Tyyppi-Indikaattori. Tutkimustuloksia analysoitiin käyttäen menetelminä faktorianalyysiä ja SRTT-ohjelmaa (Selection Ratio Type Table). Taulukoita esitettiin Excel-ohjelman avulla. Tutkimuksen viitekehyksenä käytettiin sopeutumisen osalta Blackin, Mendenhallin ja Onesin kehittämää, yleisesti hyväksyttyä BMO-mallia ja sen suomalaista modifikaatiota. Persoonallisuuspreferenssien osalta viitekehyksenä käytettiin Big Five-persoonallisuusmittarin pohjalta tässä tutkimuksessa muodostettua viitekehystä. Tutkimustuloksista ilmeni, että em. viitekehykset soveltuvat ekspatriaattien sopeutumisen ja MBTI-preferenssien välisen yhteyden tutkimiseen. Viitekehysten ja empirian välillä esiintyi selviä yhtäläisyyksiä. Tulosten mukaan E-preferenssi eli ekstroverttiys on tärkeä preferenssi ekspatriaattien menestyksekästä sopeutumista ennustettaessa. Järjestelmällinen elämäntapa eli J-preferenssi on niin ikään merkityksekäs preferenssi ulkomaankomennuksen onnistuneessa loppuunsaattamisessa. Tutkimuksen mukaan voitaneen todeta myös, että N-preferenssi eli intuitiivinen tapa kerätä informaatiota ennustaa parhaiten ekspatriaatin sopeutumista, tosin S-preferenssi tuli tutkimuksessa myös esiin. Edelleen tulosten perusteella näyttäisi siltä, että F-preferenssi eli tunteva päätöksentekotapa on sopeutuvan ekspatriaatin tapa tehdä päätöksiä. Em. tuloksiin tulee kuitenkin suhtautua varauksella, koska kuudestatoista MBTI-tyypistä oli tutkimuksessa edustettuna vain yhdeksän tyyppiä johtuen kohderyhmän pienuudesta. F-preferenssiä oli vain kolmella vastaajalla.fi=Kokotekstiversiota ei ole saatavissa.|en=Fulltext not available.|sv=Fulltext ej tillgänglig

Management practices for postdural puncture headache in obstetrics: a prospective, international, cohort study

Background: Accidental dural puncture is an uncommon complication of epidural analgesia and can cause postdural puncture headache (PDPH). We aimed to describe management practices and outcomes after PDPH treated by epidural blood patch (EBP) or no EBP. Methods: Following ethics committee approval, patients who developed PDPH after accidental dural puncture were recruited from participating countries and divided into two groups, those receiving EBP or no EBP. Data registered included patient and procedure characteristics, headache symptoms and intensity, management practices, and complications. Follow-up was at 3 months. Results: A total of 1001 patients from 24 countries were included, of which 647 (64.6%) received an EBP and 354 (35.4%) did not receive an EBP (no-EBP). Higher initial headache intensity was associated with greater use of EBP, odds ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.19–1.41) per pain intensity unit increase. Headache intensity declined sharply at 4 h after EBP and 127 (19.3%) patients received a second EBP. On average, no or mild headache (numeric rating score≤3) was observed 7 days after diagnosis. Intracranial bleeding was diagnosed in three patients (0.46%), and backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in the EBP group. Conclusions: Management practices vary between countries, but EBP was more often used in patients with greater initial headache intensity. EBP reduced headache intensity quickly, but about 20% of patients needed a second EBP. After 7 days, most patients had no or mild headache. Backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in patients receiving an EBP

Management practices for postdural puncture headache in obstetrics: a prospective, international, cohort study

© 2020 British Journal of AnaesthesiaBackground: Accidental dural puncture is an uncommon complication of epidural analgesia and can cause postdural puncture headache (PDPH). We aimed to describe management practices and outcomes after PDPH treated by epidural blood patch (EBP) or no EBP. Methods: Following ethics committee approval, patients who developed PDPH after accidental dural puncture were recruited from participating countries and divided into two groups, those receiving EBP or no EBP. Data registered included patient and procedure characteristics, headache symptoms and intensity, management practices, and complications. Follow-up was at 3 months. Results: A total of 1001 patients from 24 countries were included, of which 647 (64.6%) received an EBP and 354 (35.4%) did not receive an EBP (no-EBP). Higher initial headache intensity was associated with greater use of EBP, odds ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.19–1.41) per pain intensity unit increase. Headache intensity declined sharply at 4 h after EBP and 127 (19.3%) patients received a second EBP. On average, no or mild headache (numeric rating score≤3) was observed 7 days after diagnosis. Intracranial bleeding was diagnosed in three patients (0.46%), and backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in the EBP group. Conclusions: Management practices vary between countries, but EBP was more often used in patients with greater initial headache intensity. EBP reduced headache intensity quickly, but about 20% of patients needed a second EBP. After 7 days, most patients had no or mild headache. Backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in patients receiving an EBP

Management practices for postdural puncture headache in obstetrics : a prospective, international, cohort study

Background: Accidental dural puncture is an uncommon complication of epidural analgesia and can cause postdural puncture headache (PDPH). We aimed to describe management practices and outcomes after PDPH treated by epidural blood patch (EBP) or no EBP. Methods: Following ethics committee approval, patients who developed PDPH after accidental dural puncture were recruited from participating countries and divided into two groups, those receiving EBP or no EBP. Data registered included patient and procedure characteristics, headache symptoms and intensity, management practices, and complications. Follow-up was at 3 months. Results: A total of 1001 patients from 24 countries were included, of which 647 (64.6%) received an EBP and 354 (35.4%) did not receive an EBP (no-EBP). Higher initial headache intensity was associated with greater use of EBP, odds ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.19-1.41) per pain intensity unit increase. Headache intensity declined sharply at 4 h after EBP and 127 (19.3%) patients received a second EBP. On average, no or mild headache (numeric rating score <= 3) was observed 7 days after diagnosis. Intracranial bleeding was diagnosed in three patients (0.46%), and backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in the EBP group. Conclusions: Management practices vary between countries, but EBP was more often used in patients with greater initial headache intensity. EBP reduced headache intensity quickly, but about 20% of patients needed a second EBP. After 7 days, most patients had no or mild headache. Backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in patients receiving an EBP