MANEJO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117010744A large amount of solid waste generated by the population leads to social, environmental and health problems, so it is important that the Brazilian municipalities have programs for solid waste management in order to reduce the effects of the mismanagement of these materials. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the solid waste management in southern Brazil. For data analysis, was used descriptive statistics. The data were obtained from IBGE, referring to the National Survey of Sanitation - year 2008. With this study, it was revealed that all the municipalities in southern Brazil have solid waste management, but there is no selective collection in 52.4% of the municipalities of Paraná State, 66.6% of the municipalities of Santa Catarina State and 66.5% the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul State. In Brazil, the largest daily quantity of solid waste is destined for landfills, corresponding to 64.6%. Therefore, it is necessary constantly invest in solid waste management, with the aim of improving the services provided to the population and minimize social, environmental and health damage caused by improper management of solid waste.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117010744A grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos gerados pela população ocasiona problemas sociais, ambientais e de saúde, por isso, é importante que nos municípios do Brasil existam programas de manejo de resíduos sólidos com o intuito de diminuir os reflexos da má gestão desses materiais. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o manejo de resíduos sólidos na região Sul do Brasil, sendo que para análise de dados foi utilizada estatística descritiva. Os dados são provenientes do IBGE referentes à Pesquisa Nacional de Saneamento Básico de 2008. Com este estudo, foi possível perceber que todos os municípios da região Sul do Brasil possuem manejo de resíduos sólidos, porém não existe coleta seletiva em 52,4% dos municípios do Paraná, 66,6% dos municípios de Santa Catarina e 66,5% dos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. No Brasil, a maior quantidade diária de resíduos sólidos é destinada a aterros sanitários, correspondendo a 64,6%. Portanto, deve-se incessantemente investir no manejo de resíduos sólidos, com o objetivo de melhorar o serviço prestado à população e minimizar os danos sociais, ambientais e à saúde causados pelo manejo inadequado dos mesmos

Análise da letalidade decorrente de intoxicação por agrotóxicos em agricultores da região Sul do Brasil

Os agrotóxicos são utilizados de forma expressiva para combater as doenças e pragas em propriedades rurais. A forma do uso tem gerado danos ao meio ambiente e à saúde do homem, levando muitas vezes a óbito. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as circunstâncias e o índice de letalidade decorrente de intoxicação por agrotóxicos em agricultores da região Sul do Brasil. A partir da base de dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações Tóxico-Farmacológicas (SINITOX) para o período de 1999 a 2009, foram construídas séries históricas para casos, óbitos e circunstância de intoxicação (acidental, ocupacional, induzida, ignorada, outros). Para análise e comparação dos resultados, foram utilizados a estatística descritiva e o índice de letalidade. Observou-se que a letalidade no período estudado variou entre 0,9 (RS) e 8,2 (PR), ocorrendo os dois extremos no ano de 2004. Analisando comparativamente os três Estados, o número de óbitos teve percentual maior no PR. Quando observada a circunstância da intoxicação, destaca-se: no RS, de 1999 a 2004, a forma induzida, isto é, premeditada, ocorreu em torno de 30% dos casos, diminuindo gradativamente nos anos seguintes (28,10% a 26,4%); no PR a forma induzida é preocupante, pois oscilou entre 36,23% a 52,01% dos casos, sendo que, nos anos de 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006 e 2007, esta forma ficou em torno de 50%, explicando o maior índice de letalidade neste Estado; em SC, a forma induzida, nos anos de 2005 a 2007, ficou entre 43,5% e 45%. Esta análise demonstra que os agrotóxicos utilizados na lavoura, além de levarem à ocorrência de agravos pelo manuseio inadequado, este também em percentual significativo, servem para atentar sobre a vida de indivíduos

Extracellular Vesicle Associated miRNAs Regulate Signaling Pathways Involved in COVID-19 Pneumonia and the Progression to Severe Acute Respiratory Corona Virus-2 Syndrome

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cell-to-cell communication in inflammatory lung diseases. They function as carriers for miRNAs which regulate mRNA transcripts and signaling pathways after uptake into recipient cells. We investigated whether miRNAs associated with circulating EVs regulate immunologic processes in COVID-19. Methods: We prospectively studied 20 symptomatic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, 20 mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory corona virus-2 syndrome, ARDS) and 20 healthy controls. EVs were isolated by precipitation, total RNA was extracted, profiled by small RNA sequencing and evaluated by differential gene expression analysis (DGE). Differentially regulated miRNAs between groups were bioinformatically analyzed, mRNA target transcripts identified and signaling networks constructed, thereby comparing COVID-19 pneumonia to the healthy state and pneumonia to severe COVID-19 ARDS. Results: DGE revealed 43 significantly and differentially expressed miRNAs (25 downregulated) in COVID-19 pneumonia when compared to controls, and 20 miRNAs (15 downregulated) in COVID-19 ARDS patients in comparison to those with COVID-19 pneumonia. Network analysis for comparison of COVID-19 pneumonia to healthy controls showed upregulated miR-3168 (log2FC=2.28, padjusted<0.001), among others, targeting interleukin-6 (IL6) (25.1, 15.2 - 88.2 pg/ml in COVID-19 pneumonia) and OR52N2, an olfactory smell receptor in the nasal epithelium. In contrast, miR-3168 was significantly downregulated in COVID-19 ARDS (log2FC=-2.13, padjusted=0.003) and targeted interleukin-8 (CXCL8) in a completely activated network. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was inhibited in COVID-19 pneumonia by miR-146a-5p and upregulated in ARDS by let-7e-5p. Conclusion: EV-derived miRNAs might have important regulative functions in the pathophysiology of COVID-19: CXCL8 regulates neutrophil recruitment into the lung causing epithelial damage whereas activated TLR4, to which SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds strongly, increases cell surface ACE2 expression and destroys type II alveolar cells that secrete pulmonary surfactants; both resulting in pulmonary-capillary leakage and ARDS. These miRNAs may serve as biomarkers or as possible therapeutic targets

ESTRATÉGIAS PARA A BIOSSEGURANÇA E MINIMIZAÇÃO DOS RISCOS DE AGRAVOS À SAÚDE EM LABORATÓRIOS DE UM CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117010745This project provided to study environmental risks triggering of aggravating health problems in Teaching and Research laboratories in a university center and to aware workers from these places in order to develop procedures to minimize the risk of personal accidents and environmental contamination. There were lectures, interviews, distribution of educational material and preparation of risk maps, which are displayed in each of the laboratories involved. From the interviews it was found that 86.6% of the interviewees claimed they had no knowledge of biosecurity issues and risks to health and they haven’t attended any course or training on this subject. Regarding the PPE, most of them always wear long robes and gloves, and often smocks. 73.3% always make use of leather or rubber boots. The preparation of the risk map, lectures, brochure and information on PPE served as an educational process enabling socialization concepts and biosafety as well as awareness of workers on this issue.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117010745Este projeto proporcionou estudar os riscos ambientais desencadeadores de agravos à saúde em laboratórios de Ensino e Pesquisa do um centro universitário e conscientizar os trabalhadores destes locais, visando desenvolver procedimentos para minimizar os riscos de acidentes pessoais e de contaminação ambiental. Foram realizadas palestras, entrevistas, distribuição de material educativo e confecção dos mapas de rico, sendo estes expostos em cada um dos laboratórios envolvidos. A partir da entrevista, verificou-se que 86,6% dos entrevistados alegaram não ter conhecimento dos temas de biossegurança e riscos a saúde e que não participaram de curso ou treinamento sobre este assunto. Em relação aos EPIs, a maioria sempre usa roupas compridas e luvas, frequentemente jaleco. 73,3% sempre fazem uso de botinas de couro ou borracha. A elaboração do mapa de risco, de palestras, folder e a divulgação de informações sobre as EPIs serviram como um processo educativo possibilitando a socialização de conceitos sobre biossegurança bem como a conscientização dos trabalhadores sobre esta temática

Proceedings of the 3rd Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2015: advancing efficient methodologies through community partnerships and team science

It is well documented that the majority of adults, children and families in need of evidence-based behavioral health interventionsi do not receive them [1, 2] and that few robust empirically supported methods for implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) exist. The Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) represents a burgeoning effort to advance the innovation and rigor of implementation research and is uniquely focused on bringing together researchers and stakeholders committed to evaluating the implementation of complex evidence-based behavioral health interventions. Through its diverse activities and membership, SIRC aims to foster the promise of implementation research to better serve the behavioral health needs of the population by identifying rigorous, relevant, and efficient strategies that successfully transfer scientific evidence to clinical knowledge for use in real world settings [3]. SIRC began as a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded conference series in 2010 (previously titled the “Seattle Implementation Research Conference”; $150,000 USD for 3 conferences in 2011, 2013, and 2015) with the recognition that there were multiple researchers and stakeholdersi working in parallel on innovative implementation science projects in behavioral health, but that formal channels for communicating and collaborating with one another were relatively unavailable. There was a significant need for a forum within which implementation researchers and stakeholders could learn from one another, refine approaches to science and practice, and develop an implementation research agenda using common measures, methods, and research principles to improve both the frequency and quality with which behavioral health treatment implementation is evaluated. SIRC’s membership growth is a testament to this identified need with more than 1000 members from 2011 to the present.ii SIRC’s primary objectives are to: (1) foster communication and collaboration across diverse groups, including implementation researchers, intermediariesi, as well as community stakeholders (SIRC uses the term “EBP champions” for these groups) – and to do so across multiple career levels (e.g., students, early career faculty, established investigators); and (2) enhance and disseminate rigorous measures and methodologies for implementing EBPs and evaluating EBP implementation efforts. These objectives are well aligned with Glasgow and colleagues’ [4] five core tenets deemed critical for advancing implementation science: collaboration, efficiency and speed, rigor and relevance, improved capacity, and cumulative knowledge. SIRC advances these objectives and tenets through in-person conferences, which bring together multidisciplinary implementation researchers and those implementing evidence-based behavioral health interventions in the community to share their work and create professional connections and collaborations

PD-L1 expression and survival in p16-negative and -positive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva

AIM Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has become a widely used predictive biomarker for therapy with checkpoint inhibitors in a variety of cancers. Here, we studied the expression of PD-L1 in squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva (SCCV) with regard to HPV status via its surrogate marker p16. Additionally, the status of PD-L1 and p16 were analyzed for prognostic information and potential correlation to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). METHODS PD-L1 was analyzed in 128 cases of SCCV using the tumor proportion score (TPS), the immune cell score (ICS) and the combined positive score (CPS). Cases were immunostained for p16 and analyzed for stromal TILs. PD-L1, p16, and TILs were compared to clinico-pathological parameters and patient's survival. RESULTS TPS ≥ 50% and CPS ≥ 50 were correlated to a worse grading (p = 0.028 and p = 0.031), but not to FIGO-stage. CPS ≥ 50 was associated to a worse prognosis with overall survival (p = 0.021) but was not correlated to the progression-free survival. P16-positivity was correlated to a longer progression-free survival (p = 0.006) and overall survival (p = 0.023). PD-L1 expression was independent from p16 status. TILs ≥ 50% were present in 24% of the cases and were strongly correlated to PD-L1 (TPS p = 0.02, ICS p < 0.001, CPS p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that PD-L1 expression is frequent in SCCV and independent from p16 status. High PD-L1 expression was associated with an unfavorable outcome whereas p16-positivity turned out to be an independent positive prognostic factor

FoxIT: Enhancing Mobile Users' Privacy Behavior by Increasing Knowledge and Awareness [to appear]

Albeit offering many benefits, smartphones can pose a severe privacy threat to users. While some users might simply be not aware of privacy issues, others are highly motivated to protect their data, but lack the ability and knowledge to do so. We developed an Android-based application called &quot;FoxIT&quot;, which provides users with several education modules as well as a static smartphone and app&nbsp; permission analysis to increase both, privacy awareness and knowledge of mobile users. We conducted a first evaluation of FoxIT in a twoweek field study with 31 users and were able to show that use of FoxIT not only leads to increased privacy awareness, but also improves knowledge about privacy related topics. Participants alsoreported to have improved the privacy conditions on their smartphone, actively informed themselves about privacy related topics, and prompted others to protect their data after using FoxIT. Our results indicate that it might be a promising approach to improve mobile users’ privacy behavior by raising awareness and providing background information about privacy related topics

Análise da produção e comercialização do pescado no Brasil

A aquicultura vem sendo apontada como um setor de atividade de relevância sócio-ambiental por seus potenciais benefícios ou pelos impactos ambientais, bem como por seu valor estratégico em termos de segurança alimentar mundial e, também, econômicos. Poucos são os países com tamanha disponibilidade de ambientes propícios a aquicultura como o Brasil, sendo uma das atividades agropecuárias com maior potencial de crescimento na atualidade. Também a pesca exerce um papel econômico e social relevante. Mapear tais atividades econômicas no país é tarefa essencial, tanto para o planejamento de estratégias de crescimento do setor, aprimoramento de tecnologias, bem como para o planejamento ambiental. Visando auxiliar no mapeamento das atividades aquícolas no Brasil, foi realizado um levantamento dos estabelecimentos aquícolas e de pesca nas regiões brasileiras com relação à produção e venda, com base em dados oficiais do ano de 2006 (IBGE), indicando regiões de destaque para cada cultura, refletindo sobre potenciais de crescimento e riscos ambientais a serem considerados. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a região Nordeste se destaca tanto em número de estabelecimentos aquícolas quanto em produção de peixes e camarões, enquanto a região Sul destaca-se em número de estabelecimentos produtores de ostras, vieiras e mexilhões. Entretanto, observou-se que a produção apresentou potencial de aumento, sendo essa última década estratégica para planejamento de ampliação do setor no país, de modo sustentável e socialmente justo