All-trans retinoic acid suppresses interleukin-6 expression in interleukin-1-stimulated synovial fibroblasts by inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway independently of RAR activation

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Systematic transcriptional profiling of responses to STAT1- and STAT3- activating cytokines in different cancer types

Cytokines orchestrate responses to pathogens and in inflammatory processes but they also play an important role in cancer by shaping the expression levels of cytokine response genes. Here, we conducted a large profiling study comparing miRNome and mRNA transcriptome data generated following different cytokine stimulations. Transcriptomic responses to STAT1- (IFN, IL-27) and STAT3-activating cytokines (IL6, OSM) were systematically compared in nine cancerous and nonneoplastic cell lines of different tissue origins (skin, liver and colon). The largest variation in our datasets was seen between cell lines of the three different tissues rather than stimuli. Notably, the variability in miRNome datasets was a lot more pronounced than in mRNA data. Our data also revealed that cells of skin, liver and colon tissues respond very differently to cytokines and that the cell signaling networks activated or silenced in response to STAT1- or STAT3- activating cytokines are specific to the tissue and the type of cytokine. However, globally, STAT1-activating cytokines had stronger effects than STAT3-inducing cytokines with most significant responses in liver cells, showing more genes up-regulated and with higher fold change. A more detailed analysis of gene regulations upon cytokine stimulation in these cells provided insights into STAT1- versus STAT3-driven processes in hepatocarcinogenesis. Finally, independent component analysis revealed interconnected transcriptional networks distinct between cancer cells and their healthy counterparts

The PD-L1- and IL6-mediated dampening of the IL27/STAT1 anticancer responses are prevented by a-PD-L1 or a-IL6 antibodies

Interleukin-27 (IL27) is a type-I cytokine of the IL6/IL12 family and is predominantly secreted by activated macrophages and dendritic cells.We show that IL27 induces STAT factor phosphorylation in cancerous cell lines of different tissue origin. IL27 leads to STAT1 phosphorylation and recapitulates an IFN- -like response in the microarray analyses, with up-regulation of genes involved in antiviral defense, antigen presentation, and immune suppression. Like IFN- , IL27 leads to an up-regulation of TAP2 and MHC-I proteins, which mediate increased tumor immune clearance. However, both cytokines also upregulate proteins such as PD-L1 (CD274) and IDO-1, which are associatedwith immune escape of cancer. Interestingly, differential expression of these geneswas observed within the different cell lines and when comparing IL27 to IFN- . In coculture experiments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, pre-treatment of the HCC cells with IL27 resulted in lowered IL2 production by anti-CD3/-CD28 activated T-lymphocytes. Addition of anti-PD-L1 antibody, however, restored IL2 secretion. The levels of other TH1 cytokines were also enhanced or restored upon administration of anti-PD-L1. In addition, we show that the suppression of IL27 signaling by IL6-type cytokine prestimulation— mimicking a situation occurring, for example, in IL6-secreting tumors or in tumor inflammation–induced cachexia—can be antagonized by antibodies against IL6-type cytokines or their receptors. Therapeutically, the antitumor effects of IL27 (mediated, e.g., by increased antigen presentation) might thus be increased by combining IL27with blocking antibodies against PD-L1 or/and IL6-type cytokines

Anti cytokinic and anti catabolic effects of retinoids on rat or human synovial fibroblasts and on chondrocytes stimulated by interleukin-1 Beta

Les rétinoïdes (dérivés de la vitamine A) ont montré des propriétés anti-arthritiques intéressantes dans des modèles expérimentaux d’arthropathie. Nous avons étudié leur effet sur l’inhibition de cytokines pro-inflammatoires et de métalloprotéases matricielles (MMP) induites par l’IL-1b dans les fibroblastes synoviaux et les chondrocytes humains et de rat. En conditions inflammatoires, les fibroblastes synoviaux produisent de fortes quantités de cytokines inflammatoires dans l’articulation (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6). L’acide all-trans rétinoïque (ATRA, agoniste RAR), et l’acide 9-cis rétinoïque (co-agoniste RAR/RXR) inhibent l’expression de ces cytokines dans les fibroblastes synoviaux de rat stimulés par l’IL-1. L’ATRA inhibe également la phosphorylation d’ERK1/2 induite par l’IL-1, sans affecter celles de p38 ou de JNK, et diminue l’activation des facteurs de transcription AP-1 et NF-IL-6 induits par l’IL-1. L’effet de l’ATRA sur les cytokines inflammatoires n’est pas potentialisé par un agoniste RXR, ni reproduit par des agonistes sélectifs des isotypes RAR, et n’est pas antagonisé par la répression des isotypes RAR, démontrant ainsi des effets indépendants de RAR ou RXR. En revanche, l’effet inhibiteur de l’ATRA sur AP-1, sur NF-IL-6 et sur la production d’IL-6 est reproduit par un antagoniste d’ERK1/2. En conditions inflammatoires, les chondrocytes produisent de grandes quantités de MMP et de nitrites. L’ATRA inhibe l’expression d’iNOS et la production de nitrites induites par l’IL-1 dans les chondrocytes de rat et humains. Cependant, l’activité MMP totale est réduite uniquement dans les chondrocytes humains, et cette différence n’est pas due à une modulation variable de l’activation d’AP-1. Ceci démontre que les rétinoïdes ont un impact important sur les paramètres inflammatoires des cellules articulaires, mais qu’il varie suivant l’espèce, suggérant que l’extrapolation des résultats obtenus à partir des cellules de rat est délicate.Retinoids (molecules derivated from vitamin A) used in experimental models of arthropathies, have shown interesting anti-arthritic properties. We have studied retinoid effects on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMP) induced by IL-1b in rat and human synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes. In pro-inflammatory conditions, synovial fibroblasts produce large quantities of inflammatory cytokines in the joint (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6). Both all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, agonist of RAR) and 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA, co-agonist of RAR and RXR) inhibit the expression of these cytokines in rat synovial fibroblasts stimulated by IL-1. ATRA also inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 induced by IL-1, without affecting that of p38 or JNK, and decrease activation of transcription factors AP-1, NF-kB and NF-IL-6 induced by IL-1. The effect of ATRA on inflammatory cytokines expression is not potentiated by RXR agonist, nor reproduces by selective RAR agonists, and is not antagonized by RAR isotypes silencing, showing that the effects of ATRA are independent of RAR or RXR. However, the inhibitory effect of ATRA on AP-1 and on NF-IL-6 is reproduced by a ERK1/2 antagonist. In pro-inflammatory conditions, chondrocytes produce large amounts of MMP and nitrites. ATRA inhibits iNOS expression and nitrites production induced by IL-1 in rat and human chondrocytes. However, total MMP activity is only inhibited in human chondrocytes, and this difference is not the consequence of a variable modulation of AP-1 activation. These results showed that retinoids have an important impact on inflammatory parameters on articular cells, but they varied regarding to the species, suggesting that extrapolation of results obtained from rat cells to human is difficult

Étude des effets anti-cytokines et anti-cataboliques des rétinoïdes sur les fibroblastes synoviaux et les chondrocytes de rat ou humains stimulés par de l'Interleukine-1 Bêta

Retinoids (molecules derivated from vitamin A) used in experimental models of arthropathies, have shown interesting anti-arthritic properties. We have studied retinoid effects on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMP) induced by IL-1b in rat and human synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes. In pro-inflammatory conditions, synovial fibroblasts produce large quantities of inflammatory cytokines in the joint (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6). Both all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, agonist of RAR) and 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA, co-agonist of RAR and RXR) inhibit the expression of these cytokines in rat synovial fibroblasts stimulated by IL-1. ATRA also inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 induced by IL-1, without affecting that of p38 or JNK, and decrease activation of transcription factors AP-1, NF-kB and NF-IL-6 induced by IL-1. The effect of ATRA on inflammatory cytokines expression is not potentiated by RXR agonist, nor reproduces by selective RAR agonists, and is not antagonized by RAR isotypes silencing, showing that the effects of ATRA are independent of RAR or RXR. However, the inhibitory effect of ATRA on AP-1 and on NF-IL-6 is reproduced by a ERK1/2 antagonist. In pro-inflammatory conditions, chondrocytes produce large amounts of MMP and nitrites. ATRA inhibits iNOS expression and nitrites production induced by IL-1 in rat and human chondrocytes. However, total MMP activity is only inhibited in human chondrocytes, and this difference is not the consequence of a variable modulation of AP-1 activation. These results showed that retinoids have an important impact on inflammatory parameters on articular cells, but they varied regarding to the species, suggesting that extrapolation of results obtained from rat cells to human is difficult.Les rétinoïdes (dérivés de la vitamine A) ont montré des propriétés anti-arthritiques intéressantes dans des modèles expérimentaux d?arthropathie. Nous avons étudié leur effet sur l'inhibition de cytokines pro-inflammatoires et de métalloprotéases matricielles (MMP) induites par l'IL-1b dans les fibroblastes synoviaux et les chondrocytes humains et de rat. En conditions inflammatoires, les fibroblastes synoviaux produisent de fortes quantités de cytokines inflammatoires dans l'articulation (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6). L'acide all-trans rétinoïque (ATRA, agoniste RAR), et l'acide 9-cis rétinoïque (co-agoniste RAR/RXR) inhibent l'expression de ces cytokines dans les fibroblastes synoviaux de rat stimulés par l'IL-1. L'ATRA inhibe également la phosphorylation d'ERK1/2 induite par l'IL-1, sans affecter celles de p38 ou de JNK, et diminue l'activation des facteurs de transcription AP-1 et NF-IL-6 induits par l'IL-1. L'effet de l'ATRA sur les cytokines inflammatoires n'est pas potentialisé par un agoniste RXR, ni reproduit par des agonistes sélectifs des isotypes RAR, et n'est pas antagonisé par la répression des isotypes RAR, démontrant ainsi des effets indépendants de RAR ou RXR. En revanche, l'effet inhibiteur de l'ATRA sur AP-1, sur NF-IL-6 et sur la production d'IL-6 est reproduit par un antagoniste d'ERK1/2. En conditions inflammatoires, les chondrocytes produisent de grandes quantités de MMP et de nitrites. L'ATRA inhibe l'expression d'iNOS et la production de nitrites induites par l'IL-1 dans les chondrocytes de rat et humains. Cependant, l'activité MMP totale est réduite uniquement dans les chondrocytes humains, et cette différence n'est pas due à une modulation variable de l'activation d'AP-1. Ceci démontre que les rétinoïdes ont un impact important sur les paramètres inflammatoires des cellules articulaires, mais qu'il varie suivant l'espèce, suggérant que l'extrapolation des résultats obtenus à partir des cellules de rat est délicate

Étude des effets anti-cytokines et anti-cataboliques des rétinoïdes sur les fibroblastes synoviaux et les chondrocytes de rat ou humains stimulés par de l'Interleukine-1 Bêta

Les rétinoïdes (dérivés de la vitamine A) ont montré des propriétés anti-arthritiques intéressantes dans des modèles expérimentaux d arthropathie. Nous avons étudié leur effet sur l inhibition de cytokines pro-inflammatoires et de métalloprotéases matricielles (MMP) induites par l IL-1b dans les fibroblastes synoviaux et les chondrocytes humains et de rat. En conditions inflammatoires, les fibroblastes synoviaux produisent de fortes quantités de cytokines inflammatoires dans l articulation (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6). L acide all-trans rétinoïque (ATRA, agoniste RAR), et l acide 9-cis rétinoïque (co-agoniste RAR/RXR) inhibent l expression de ces cytokines dans les fibroblastes synoviaux de rat stimulés par l IL-1. L ATRA inhibe également la phosphorylation d ERK1/2 induite par l IL-1, sans affecter celles de p38 ou de JNK, et diminue l activation des facteurs de transcription AP-1 et NF-IL-6 induits par l IL-1. L effet de l ATRA sur les cytokines inflammatoires n est pas potentialisé par un agoniste RXR, ni reproduit par des agonistes sélectifs des isotypes RAR, et n est pas antagonisé par la répression des isotypes RAR, démontrant ainsi des effets indépendants de RAR ou RXR. En revanche, l effet inhibiteur de l ATRA sur AP-1, sur NF-IL-6 et sur la production d IL-6 est reproduit par un antagoniste d ERK1/2. En conditions inflammatoires, les chondrocytes produisent de grandes quantités de MMP et de nitrites. L ATRA inhibe l expression d iNOS et la production de nitrites induites par l IL-1 dans les chondrocytes de rat et humains. Cependant, l activité MMP totale est réduite uniquement dans les chondrocytes humains, et cette différence n est pas due à une modulation variable de l activation d AP-1. Ceci démontre que les rétinoïdes ont un impact important sur les paramètres inflammatoires des cellules articulaires, mais qu il varie suivant l espèce, suggérant que l extrapolation des résultats obtenus à partir des cellules de rat est délicate.Retinoids (molecules derivated from vitamin A) used in experimental models of arthropathies, have shown interesting anti-arthritic properties. We have studied retinoid effects on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMP) induced by IL-1b in rat and human synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes. In pro-inflammatory conditions, synovial fibroblasts produce large quantities of inflammatory cytokines in the joint (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6). Both all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, agonist of RAR) and 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA, co-agonist of RAR and RXR) inhibit the expression of these cytokines in rat synovial fibroblasts stimulated by IL-1. ATRA also inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 induced by IL-1, without affecting that of p38 or JNK, and decrease activation of transcription factors AP-1, NF-kB and NF-IL-6 induced by IL-1. The effect of ATRA on inflammatory cytokines expression is not potentiated by RXR agonist, nor reproduces by selective RAR agonists, and is not antagonized by RAR isotypes silencing, showing that the effects of ATRA are independent of RAR or RXR. However, the inhibitory effect of ATRA on AP-1 and on NF-IL-6 is reproduced by a ERK1/2 antagonist. In pro-inflammatory conditions, chondrocytes produce large amounts of MMP and nitrites. ATRA inhibits iNOS expression and nitrites production induced by IL-1 in rat and human chondrocytes. However, total MMP activity is only inhibited in human chondrocytes, and this difference is not the consequence of a variable modulation of AP-1 activation. These results showed that retinoids have an important impact on inflammatory parameters on articular cells, but they varied regarding to the species, suggesting that extrapolation of results obtained from rat cells to human is difficult.NANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

Altered profiles of circulating cytokines in chronic liver diseases (NAFLD/HCC): Impact of the PNPLA3I148M risk allele

peer reviewedBackground: Individuals carrying the risk variant p.I148M of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) have a higher susceptibility to fatty liver diseases and associated complications, including HCC, a cancer closely linked to chronic inflammation. Here, we assessed circulating cytokine profiles for patients with chronic liver diseases genotyped for PNPLA3. Methods: Serum concentrations of 22 cytokines were measured by multiplex sandwich-ELISA. The cohort comprised 123 individuals: 67 patients with NAFLD without cirrhosis (57 steatosis, 10 NASH), 24 patients with NAFLD with cirrhosis, 21 patients with HCC (15 cirrhosis), and 11 healthy controls. Receiver operator characteristic analyses were performed to assess the suitability of the cytokine profiles for the prediction of steatosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Results: HGF, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were increased in patients, with ∼2-fold higher levels in patients with cirrhosis versus healthy, while platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) showed lower concentrations compared to controls. Migration inhibitory factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were found at higher levels in NAFLD samples (maximum: NAFLD-cirrhosis) versus healthy controls and HCC samples. In receiver operator characteristic analyses, migration inhibitory factor, IL-8, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 yielded high sensitivity scores for predicting noncirrhotic NAFLD (vs. healthy). The top combination to predict cirrhosis was HGF plus PDGF-BB. Migration inhibitory factor performed best to discriminate HCC from NAFLD; the addition of monokine induced gamma (MIG), RANTES, IL-4, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), or IL-17A as second parameters further increased the AUC values (> 0.9). No significant impact of the PNPLA3 I148M allele on cytokine levels was observed in this cohort. Conclusions: Cytokines have biomarker potential in patients with fatty liver, possibly suited for early HCC detection in patients with fatty liver. Patients carrying the PNPLA3 risk allele did not present significantly different levels of circulating cytokines

Modulation of the IL-6 signaling pathway in liver cells by miRNAs targeting gp130, JAK1 and/or STAT3

Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-type cytokines share the common receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130), which activates a signaling cascade involving Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factors. IL-6 and/or its signaling pathway is often deregulated in diseases, such as chronic liver diseases and cancer. Thus, the identification of compounds inhibiting this pathway is of interest for future targeted therapies. We established novel cellular screening systems based on a STAT-responsive reporter gene (Cypridina luciferase). Of a library containing 538 microRNA (miRNA) mimics, several miRNAs affected hyper-IL-6-induced luciferase activities. When focusing on candidate miRNAs specifically targeting 3' UTRs of signaling molecules of this pathway, we identified, e.g., miR-3677-5p as a novel miRNA affecting protein expression of both STAT3 and JAK1, whereas miR-16-1-3p, miR-4473, and miR-520f-3p reduced gp130 surface expression. Interestingly, combination treatment with 2 or 3 miRNAs targeting gp130 or different signaling molecules of the pathway did not increase the inhibitory effects on phospho-STAT3 levels and STAT3 target gene expression compared to treatment with single mimics. Taken together, we identified a set of miRNAs of potential therapeutic value for cancer and inflammatory diseases, which directly target the expression of molecules within the IL-6-signaling pathway and can dampen inflammatory signal transduction