Section of the Perineum in Parturition.

n/

A TRANSNATIONAL CLEAVAGE ACROSS THE BOSPHORUS? THE ROLE OF GLOBALIZING FORCES IN TURKISH POLITICS

The pressures of a world-wide financial crisis, mass migration, and a globalizing economy have created a new transnational cleavage between the “winners” and “losers” of globalization. While European and North American democracies are not the only states to feel the pressures of globalization, the emergence of a transnational cleavage has been under-examined outside of these areas. One clear candidate when examining transnational forces on political parties is Turkey. In Turkey, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has moved from pro-European “Muslim Democrats” to defensive nationalism, while the opposition, the Republican People’s Party (CHP), has attempted a pivot toward “new left” politics. Can the pressures of an emerging transnational cleavage explain party movement in Turkey? This thesis finds partial support for the theory that globalization drives positional realignment amongst Turkish parties, but further research is needed on how party positions toward immigration are shaped in the Turkish system.Master of Art

The history of written language disorders: reexamining Pitres’ case (1884) of pure agraphia

The first clinical description of pure agraphia was reported by the French neurologist Pitres in 1884. Pitres used the case study evidence to argue for modality-specific memory representations and the localization of writing. This article reviews Pitres’s contribution to the study of acquired writing disorders, the components of writing models and the cerebral localization which subserve writing, in light of the views entertained by his contemporaries and current authors. Although numerous cases have been reported throughout this century, the view that writing can be impaired while other language functions and motor activities remain intact is still challenged

Structural characterization of gas-phase cysteine and cysteine methyl ester complexes with zinc and cadmium dications by infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy

Contains fulltext : 149638.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access

Striatal and nigral neuron subpopulations in rigid Huntington's disease: Implications for the functional anatomy of chorea and rigidity-akinesia

Neuropeptide immunohistochemistry was used to test several hypotheses of the anatomical bases of chorea and rigidity-akinesia. To test the hypothesis that elevated concentration of striatal somatostatin causes chorea, we visually compared the density of striatal neurons containing somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brains affected by choreic or rigid-akinetic Huntington's disease (HD). The density of these neurons was elevated in both rigid-akinetic and choreic HD specimens with an apparently normal total number of these neurons, indicating that elevated somatostatin concentration, by itself, does not lead to chorea. We tested the hypothesis that rigid-akinetic HD results from deficient dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurotransmission by examining tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive (TH-IR) neurons in the substantia nigra. In rigid-akinetic HD brains, there was no obvious reduction of nigral TH-IR neurons, indicating that rigid-akinetic HD is probably not due to loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Finally, we also examined the status of striatal projection neurons and found near total loss of all striatal neurons projecting to the lateral globus pallidus, medial globus pallidus, and substantia nigra in brains affected by rigid-akinetic HD in contrast to the preservation of neurons projecting to the medial globus pallidus in choreic HD. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chorea results from preferential loss of striatal neurons projecting to the lateral globus pallidus and that rigid-akinetic HD is a consequence of the additional loss of striatal neurons projecting to the medial segment of the pallidum.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50333/1/410270403_ftp.pd