Regulation of Primary Metabolic Pathways in Oyster Mushroom Mycelia Induced by Blue Light Stimulation: Accumulation of Shikimic Acid

Shikimic acid is a key intermediate in the aromatic amino acid pathway as well as an important starting material for the synthesis of Tamiflu, a potent and selective inhibitor of the neuraminidase enzyme of influenza viruses A and B. Here we report that in oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) mycelia cultivated in the dark, stimulation with blue light-emitting diodes induces the accumulation of shikimic acid. An integrated analysis of primary metabolites, gene expression and protein expression suggests that the accumulation of shikimic acid caused by blue light stimulation is due to an increase in 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS, EC2.5.1.54), the rate-determining enzyme in the shikimic acid pathway, as well as phosphofructokinase (PFK, EC2.7.1.11) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC1.1.1.49), the rate-determining enzymes in the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways, respectively. This stimulation results in increased levels of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) and erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P), the starting materials of shikimic acid biosynthesis.ArticleSCIENTIFIC REPORTS. 5:8630 (2015)journal articl

Determination of the structure of 31^{31}Ne by full-microscopic framework

We perform the first quantitative analysis of the reaction cross sections of $^{28-32}$Ne by $^{12}$C at 240 MeV/nucleon, using the double-folding model (DFM) with the Melbourne $g$-matrix and the deformed projectile density calculated by the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD). To describe the tail of the last neutron of $^{31}$Ne, we adopt the resonating group method (RGM) combined with AMD. The theoretical prediction excellently reproduce the measured cross sections of $^{28-32}$Ne with no adjustable parameters. The ground state properties of $^{31}$Ne, i.e., strong deformation and a halo structure with spin-parity $3/2_{}^-$, are clarified.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

Deformation effect on total reaction cross sections for neutron-rich Ne-isotopes

Isotope-dependence of measured reaction cross sections in scattering of $^{28-32}$Ne isotopes from $^{12}$C target at 240 MeV/nucleon is analyzed by the double-folding model with the Melbourne $g$-matrix. The density of projectile is calculated by the mean-field model with the deformed Wood-Saxon potential. The deformation is evaluated by the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. The deformation of projectile enhances calculated reaction cross sections to the measured values.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

Classification of Peer Conflict in Elementary School and Efficacy of Mediation as Resolution Strategy

子どものいざこざは一般的には起こらないほうがよいと考えられている。他方で，子どもの社会性の発達を促すポジティブな面も指摘されている。本研究では小学校におけるいざこざの実態を調べ，有効な教師の介入解決方略を明らかにすることを目的とした。研究1では，教育実習を終えた大学生126名に質問紙調査を実施し，いざこざの内容を分類した結果，7種が見出された。研究2では，小学校の学級担任93名に，7種のいざこざ場面のシナリオを提示し，どのような介入解決方略をとるか尋ねた結果，ミディエーション（双方の子どもから話を聴き，子どもから解決策を引き出す方略）が，7つのうち5つの場面で最も多くとられていた。研究3では，経験豊富な管理職39名に，より解決が難しい3場面での介入解決方略について尋ねたところ，全ての場面でミディエーションが最も多かった。以上の結果から，小学校における教師のミディエーションの有効性について論じた

Presence of Basal Lamina-like Substance with Anchoring Fibrils Within the Amyloid Deposits of Primary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis

The dermal-epidermal (DE) junction areas of skin specimens obtained from 16 patients with either lichen amyloidosis or macular amyloidosis were studied. In the dermal papillae where amyloid was deposited, elastic fibers frequently were absent, but periodic acid-Schiff reaction after diastase digestion was homogenously positive. Ultrastructural studies revealed that a basal lamina-like substance with anchoring fibrils was present between and within amyloid deposits. By indirect immunofluorescence technique using an anti-basement membrane zone antiserum obtained from a patient with bullous pemphigoid, specific linear fluorescence occurred at the DE junction, and in a reticular pattern in dermal papillae. It seemed that apoptotic keratinocytes of the epidermis brought down basal lamina and fine fibrous components attached to it when these cells dropped down to the papillary dermis and became the source of amyloid. These findings support the hypothesis that epidermal keratinocyte degeneration plays an important role in the histogenesis of cutaneous amyloidoses

Geotechnical Properties of Kanto Alluvial Soils based on Geochemical Survey

Chemical properties of pore water in soils have a great influence on interparticle bonding among clayey particles and, as a result, not only on their soil structure but also on their geotechnical properties. In this study, we analyzed ionic compositions in pore water extracted from alluvial soils deposited under different sedimentary environments in Kanto lowland area, Japan, and investigated the effect of the chemical compositions of pore water on the geotechnical properties such as compressibility and sensitivity. The following results were obtained: The ion concentrations of pore water measured by different extraction methods showed that the concentration of Na+ by the dilution method was higher than that by the centrifugation method, while the concentrations of Ca2+, Cl- and SO42- by the dilution method are significantly smaller than those by centrifugation method. The centrifugation method was recommended for evaluating geochemistry of the soils since the rotation speeds in the centrifugation method did not significantly affect the pore-water compositions. The geotechnical properties were highly related to the ion concentrations of pore water. Higher compression index and sensitivity were observed for the alluvial soils with higher monovalent/divalent ion ratio. In addition, more strong dependency of monovalent/divalent ion ratio on geotechnical properties was obtained for the alluvial soils with plasticity index larger than 30

Ground-state properties of neutron-rich Mg isotopes

We analyze recently-measured total reaction cross sections for 24-38Mg isotopes incident on 12C targets at 240 MeV/nucleon by using the folding model and antisymmetrized molecular dynamics(AMD). The folding model well reproduces the measured reaction cross sections, when the projectile densities are evaluated by the deformed Woods-Saxon (def-WS) model with AMD deformation. Matter radii of 24-38Mg are then deduced from the measured reaction cross sections by fine-tuning the parameters of the def-WS model. The deduced matter radii are largely enhanced by nuclear deformation. Fully-microscopic AMD calculations with no free parameter well reproduce the deduced matter radii for 24-36Mg, but still considerably underestimate them for 37,38Mg. The large matter radii suggest that 37,38Mg are candidates for deformed halo nucleus. AMD also reproduces other existing measured ground-state properties (spin-parity, total binding energy, and one-neutron separation energy) of Mg isotopes. Neutron-number (N) dependence of deformation parameter is predicted by AMD. Large deformation is seen from 31Mg with N = 19 to a drip-line nucleus 40Mg with N = 28, indicating that both the N = 20 and 28 magicities disappear. N dependence of neutron skin thickness is also predicted by AMD.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.