Data from: Oral administration of Pantoea agglomerans-derived lipopolysaccharide prevents development of atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed apoE-deficient mice via ameliorating hyperlipidemia, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative responses

Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) is a Gram-negative bacterium that grows symbiotically with various edible plants, and the oral or sublingual administration of lipopolysaccharide derived from P. agglomerans (LPSp) have been suggested to contribute to prevention of immune-related diseases. Our previous study indicated that orally administered LPSp was shown to exhibit an LDL-lowering effect in hyperlipidemic volunteers; however, a preventive effect of LPSp on atherosclerosis is unclear. The present study attempted to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect by LPSp in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis. For 16 weeks, apoE-deficient mice were fed an HFD and received drinking water containing LPSp (0.3 or 1 mg/kg body weight/day). The results showed that the orally administered LPSp decreased body weight. A significant reduction in atherosclerotic plaque deposition was observed even with the lower dose of LPSp. The biochemical analyses showed that LPSp markedly improved glucose tolerance and reduced plasma LDL and oxidized LDL levels. In addition, LPSp significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators including MCP-1 (in the plasma), TNF-α and IL-6 (in the colon), and decreased the oxidative burst activities in the peripheral blood sample. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that oral administration of LPSp can effectively ameliorate HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and inflammatory/oxidative responses to prevent atherosclerosis and related metabolic disorders

Data from: Oral administration of Pantoea agglomerans-derived lipopolysaccharide prevents development of atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed apoE-deficient mice via ameliorating hyperlipidemia, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative responses

Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) is a Gram-negative bacterium that grows symbiotically with various edible plants, and the oral or sublingual administration of lipopolysaccharide derived from P. agglomerans (LPSp) have been suggested to contribute to prevention of immune-related diseases. Our previous study indicated that orally administered LPSp was shown to exhibit an LDL-lowering effect in hyperlipidemic volunteers; however, a preventive effect of LPSp on atherosclerosis is unclear. The present study attempted to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect by LPSp in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis. For 16 weeks, apoE-deficient mice were fed an HFD and received drinking water containing LPSp (0.3 or 1 mg/kg body weight/day). The results showed that the orally administered LPSp decreased body weight. A significant reduction in atherosclerotic plaque deposition was observed even with the lower dose of LPSp. The biochemical analyses showed that LPSp markedly improved glucose tolerance and reduced plasma LDL and oxidized LDL levels. In addition, LPSp significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators including MCP-1 (in the plasma), TNF-α and IL-6 (in the colon), and decreased the oxidative burst activities in the peripheral blood sample. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that oral administration of LPSp can effectively ameliorate HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and inflammatory/oxidative responses to prevent atherosclerosis and related metabolic disorders

Fig 8. Taxonomy Summary

Fig 8. Taxonomy Summar

Oral administration of <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>-derived lipopolysaccharide prevents metabolic dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease-related memory loss in senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice fed a high-fat diet

<div><p>The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear, but an imbalance between the production and clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is known to play a critical role in AD progression. A promising preventative approach is to enhance the normal Aβ clearance activity of brain phagocytes such as microglia. In mice, the intraperitoneal injection of Toll-like receptor 4 agonist was shown to enhance Aβ clearance and exhibit a preventative effect on AD-related pathology. Our previous clinical study demonstrated that orally administered <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i>-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPSp) exhibited an LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-lowering effect in human volunteers with hyperlipidemia, a known risk factor for AD. <i>In vitro</i> studies have shown that LPSp treatment increases Aβ phagocytosis by microglial cells; however it is still unclear whether orally administered LPSp exhibits a preventive effect on AD progression. We show here that in senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice fed a high-fat diet, oral administration of LPSp at 0.3 or 1 mg/kg body weight·day for 18 weeks significantly improved glucose metabolism and lipid profiles. The LPSp treatment also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and oxidative-burst activity in the peripheral blood. Moreover, LPSp significantly reduced brain Aβ burden and memory impairment as seen in the water maze test, although we could not confirm a significant enhancement of Aβ phagocytosis in microglia isolated from the brains after treatment. Taken together, our results show that LPSp holds promise as a preventative therapy for AD or AD-related diseases induced by impairment of metabolic functions.</p></div

Molybdenum adsorption properties of alumina-embedded mesoporous silica for medical radioisotope production

In this work, we have prepared alumina-embedded mesoporous silica and investigated their molybdenum (Mo) adsorption properties. To synthesize such materials, mesoporous silica particles were firstly synthesized via a soft-templated approach followed by the introduction of aluminium butoxide into the mesopores, which was converted into alumina by heat treatment at high temperatures. The obtained alumina-embedded mesoporous silica samples (Alx-MPS) were characterized by low-and wide-angle X-ray diffractions, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of Al/Si ratios and calcination temperature on their Mo adsorption properties were also carefully investigated by using the batch method. The experimental results showed the following trend in Mo adsorption capacity in relation to the calcination temperature: 750 degrees C > 600 degrees C > 900 degrees C > 1050 degrees C and Al/Si molar ratio: Al-0.1-MPS < Al-0.3-MPS < Al-0.5-MPS < Al-0.6-MPS

Effects of orally administered LPSp on plasma lipid profiles and hepatic triglyceride accumulation.

<p>(A–I) After the experimental period, plasma triglyceride, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, non-esterified cholesterol, AST and ALT levels were measured using commercial kits. The hepatic triglyceride level was indicated as mg of triglyceride per g of liver weight. Values are presented as the mean ± SEM, <i>n</i> = 4–7. Differences in letters between bars indicate statistically significant differences between groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test).</p

Effects of orally administered LPSp on the accumulation of Aβ_1–40 and Aβ_1–42 in the brain.

<p>The brain concentrations of two soluble Aβs (A, B) and insoluble Aβs (C,D) are shown. Values are presented as the mean ± SEM, <i>n</i> = 3–4. Differences in letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test).</p

Effects of orally administered LPSp on two pro-inflammatory plasma cytokines and PMA-stimulated O2·- production and MPO activity in peripheral blood.

<p>(A–B) The plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were determined using commercial ELISA kits, <i>n</i> = 4–7. (C) Representative time-change graphs of chemiluminescence (blue) and fluorescence (green) in the leukocyte fraction obtained from blood sample following stimulation by PMA. The negative controls are shown as gray lines. RCU, relative chemiluminescence units; RFU, relative fluorescence units. (D) O₂^·- production and (E) MPO activity after PMA stimulation were both calculated by subtracting the basal intensity from the peak intensity. Values are presented as the mean ± SEM, <i>n</i> = 4–7. Differences in letters between bars indicate statistically significant differences between groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test).</p

Effects of orally administered LPSp on phagocytic activity against Aβ_1–42 in microglial cells isolated from the brain.

<p>The brains were collected after the experiment and the microglial cells isolated by the enzymatic digestion. The phagocytic activity against HF488- Aβ_1–42 in the microglial cells was measured using a flow cytometer as described in the Methods. No significant difference is observed between groups (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test). The box-whisker plots describe the minimum (end of the bottom whisker), the first quartile (bottom border of the box), the median (line through the box), the third quartile (top border of the box), and the maximum (end of the top whisker) of the distribution, <i>n</i> = 3–6.</p