The roles of hypocrisy induction and self construal theory to stop illegal downloading

The purpose of the study is to reveal how hypocrisy induction and self-construal theory influence attitudes toward the public service announcement urging against illegal downloading and the willingness to stop illegal downloading. As time goes on, illegal downloading has been rampant due to the advancement of technology, which motivates the government agencies involved in protecting intellectual property to conduct various campaigns. However, despite of their constant efforts, the previous methods such as legal punishment or monetary penalties categorized as an external factor have been ineffective to prevent illegal downloading. Therefore, the current study suggested a new strategy using hypocrisy induction and self-construal theory considered as an internal factor which spontaneously enocourage people to stop illegal downloading. To test hypotheses, a 3 (types of hypocrisy: hypocrisy induction by independent means vs. hypocrisy induction by interdependent means vs. control) X 2 (types of message in public service announcements: a personal perspective vs. a social perspective) between-subjects design was employed. The results showed that hypocrisy induction significantly affected attitudes toward the public service announcements and the willingness to stop illegal downloading. In addition, the interaction effect between types of hypocrisy and types of message was significant. Therefore, the study concluded that hypocrisy induction and self-construal theory would play an important role in preventing illegal downloading.Advertisin

A clash of constructs? : re-examining grit in light of academic buoyancy and future time perspective

Grit, defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, has been found to be a powerful predictor of student success and persistence. Yet, it has been recently scrutinized construct due to weaknesses in discriminant and predictive validity of its measure. To investigate these issues further, I examined grit, its dimensions (perseverance of effort and consistency of interest), and other motivational factors--academic buoyancy and future time perspective--to test whether they were distinct constructs, and whether they were predictors of academic achievement, incorporating individual differences in gender, ethnicity, and major. The current study revealed that grit positively predicted undergraduates’ GPA (N = 328) over and beyond demographic and other motivational variables. Regarding individual differences, men and women differed on subscales of future time perspective, and Asian Americans reported lower grit compared to White and Hispanic students, despite higher GPA compared to Hispanics. The relevance of the findings is discussed along with implications for research and practice.Educational Psycholog

Carbon Doping of MgB2 by Toluene and Malic-Acid-in-Toluene

The decomposition of malic acid in the presence of Mg and B was studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) which revealed that malic acid reacted with Mg but not B. Also, the addition of toluene to dissolve malic acid followed by subsequent drying resulted in no reaction with Mg, indicating that the malic acid had decomposed during the dissolution/drying stage. The total carbon contributed by toluene versus a toluene/5 wt% malic acid mixture was measured using a LECO CS600 carbon analyzer. The toluene sample contained ~0.4 wt% C while the toluene/malic acid mixture had ~1.5 wt% C, demonstrating that the toluene contributed a significant amount of carbon to the final product. Resistivity measurements on powder-in-tube MgB2 monofilamentary wires established that the toluene/malic acid doped sample had the highest Bc2. However, the toluene-only sample had the highest transport Jc over most of the magnetic field range (0-9 T), equaled only by that of toluene/malic acid sample in fields above 9 T.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

Model-independent study of the QCD sum rule for the pi NN coupling constant

We reinvestigate the QCD sum rule for the pi NN coupling constant, g, starting from the vacuum-to-pion matrix element of the correlation function of the interpolating fields of two nucleons. We study in detail the physical content of the correlation function without referring to the effective theory. We consider the invariant correlation functions by splitting the correlation function into different Dirac structures. We show that the coefficients of the double-pole terms are proportional to g but that the coefficients of the single-pole terms are not determined by g. In the chiral limit the single-pole terms as well as the continuum terms are ill defined in the dispersion integral. Therefore, the use of naive QCD sum rules obtained from the invariant correlation functions is not justified. A possible procedure to avoid this difficulty is discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figure

"Christian conversion" as a radical philosophical turn : Lukan literary efforts in describing Paul's "Conversion" in Acts 9, 22, and 26

textThe present report analyzes the three Lukan accounts on Paul's "conversion" in Acts 9:1-31, 22:6-21, and 26:12-17 in consideration of the contemporary literary milieu of the Greek philosophical and Hellenistic Jewish discourses on one's "conversion," i.e., a radical change as discarding his/her former thoughts. Through this analysis, I argue that Luke redescribed Paul’s experience of the risen Christ as a "conversion," and in doing so, constructed the concept of "Christian conversion" as a radical philosophical turn. In his undisputed letters, we find that Paul understood his encounter with the risen Christ as a "calling" within the Hebrew prophetic tradition. On the contrary, Luke stresses the radical rupture between Paul's before and after the revelatory experience by making it an immediate change and adding details such as Saul’s activities as a persecutor and his name change. In recasting Paul's experience as a "conversion," Luke utilized two main literary elements to characterize the nature of his experience as a radical cognitive shift. One is the metaphor of transition from darkness to light, which is applied to Paul in Acts 9 and 22 as he becomes blind after seeing the light and to the gentile conversion in Acts 26 that they should "turn from darkness to light (v.18)." Another is the notion of repentance that Luke applies directly to Paul in Acts 9 and 22 in his baptism and to the gentile conversion in Acts 26. These two motifs are what we often find in the Greek philosophical and Hellenistic Jewish texts discussing one's radical cognitive shift to a new philosophical system or the Jewish monotheism upon the revelation of a true teaching. By applying these motifs to the "conversion" of Saul, Luke identifies Paul's experience and "Christian conversion" as a radical philosophical turn from ignorance to a correct understanding of the messiah and the God. With the Lukan literary and conceptual efforts in Acts, Paul now becomes a paradigmatic "Christian convert" and a philosopher in Acts whose radical cognitive shift can be followed by Jews and gentiles in the Roman world.Religious Studie

Optimal Implementation of Intervention to Control the Self-harm Epidemic

AbstractObjectivesDeliberate self-harm (DSH) of a young person has been a matter of growing concern to parents and policymakers. Prevention and early eradication are the main interventional techniques among which prevention through reducing peer pressure has a major role in reducing the DSH epidemic. Our aim is to develop an optimal control strategy for minimizing the DSH epidemic and to assess the efficacy of the controls.MethodsWe considered a deterministic compartmental model of the DSH epidemic and two interventional techniques as the control measures. Pontryagin's Maximum Principle was used to mathematically derive the optimal controls. We also simulated the model using the forward-backward sweep method.ResultsSimulation results showed that the controls needed to be used simultaneously to reduce DSH successfully. An optimal control strategy should be adopted, depending on implementation costs for the controls.ConclusionThe long-term success of the optimum control depends on the implementation cost. If the cost is very high, the control could be used for a short term, even though it fails in the long run. The control strategy, most importantly, should be implemented as early as possible to attack a comparatively fewer number of addicted individuals

Electron transport in a two-terminal Aharonov-Bohm ring with impurities

Electron transport in a two-terminal Aharonov-Bohm ring with a few short-range scatterers is investigated. An analytical expression for the conductance as a function of the electron Fermi energy and magnetic flux is obtained using the zero-range potential theory. The dependence of the conductance on positions of scatterers is studied. We have found that the conductance exhibits asymmetric Fano resonances at certain energies. The dependence of the Fano resonances on magnetic field and positions of impurities is investigated. It is found that collapse of the Fano resonances occurs and discrete energy levels in the continuous spectrum appear at certain conditions. An explicit form for the wave function corresponding to the discrete level is obtained.Comment: 25 pages (one-column), 8 figure

Pertinent Dirac structure for QCD sum rules of meson-baryon coupling constants

Using general baryon interpolating fields $J_B$ for $B= N, \Xi, \Sigma,$ without derivative, we study QCD sum rules for meson-baryon couplings and their dependence on Dirac structures for the two-point correlation function with a meson i\int d^4x e^{iqx} \bra 0|{\rm T}[J_B(x)\bar{J}_B(0)] |{\cal M}(p)\ket. Three distinct Dirac structures are compared: $i\gamma_5$, i\gamma_5\fslash{p}, and $\gamma_5\sigma_{\mu\nu}q^\mu p^\nu$ structures. From the dependence of the OPE on general baryon interpolating fields, we propose criteria for choosing an appropriate Dirac structure for the coupling sum rules. The $\gamma_5\sigma_{\mu\nu}q^\mu p^\nu$ sum rules satisfy the criteria while the $i\gamma_5$ sum rules beyond the chiral limit do not. For the i\gamma_5\fslash{p} sum rules, the large continuum contributions prohibit reliable prediction for the couplings. Thus, the $\gamma_5\sigma_{\mu\nu}q^\mu p^\nu$ structure seems pertinent for realistic predictions. In the SU(3) limit, we identify the OPE terms responsible for the $F/D$ ratio. We then study the dependence of the ratio on the baryon interpolating fields. We conclude the ratio $F/D \sim 0.6-0.8$ for appropriate choice of the interpolating fields.Comment: To be published in Phys.Rev.C ; 21 pages,8 figures, revtex ; references are adde

Einstein Gravity on a Brane in 5D Non-compact Flat Spacetime -DGP model revisited-

We revisit the 5D gravity model by Dvali, Gabadadze, and Porrati (DGP). Within their framework it was shown that even in 5D non-compact Minkowski space $(x^\mu,z)$, the Newtonian gravity can emerge on a brane at short distances by introducing a brane-localized 4D Einstein-Hilbert term $\delta(z)M_4^2\sqrt{|\bar{g}_4|}\bar{R}_4$ in the action. Based on this idea, we construct simple setups in which graviton standing waves can arise, and we introduce brane-localized $z$ derivative terms as a correction to $\delta(z)M_4^2\sqrt{|\bar{g}_4|}\bar{R}_4$. We show that the gravity potential of brane matter becomes $-\frac{1}{r}$ at {\it long} distances, because the brane-localized $z$ derivative terms allow only a smooth graviton wave function near the brane. Since the bulk gravity coupling may be arbitrarily small, strongly interacting modes from the 5D graviton do not appear. We note that the brane metric utilized to construct $\delta(z)M_4^2\sqrt{|\bar{g}_4|}\bar{R}_4$ can be relatively different from the bulk metric by a conformal factor, and show that the graviton tensor structure that the 4D Einstein gravity predicts are reproduced in DGP type models.Comment: 1+12 pages, no figure, to appear in JHE

HIGH PRANDTL NUMBER MIXED CONVECTION CAVITY FLOW USING LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

The mixed convection heat transfer and fluid flow behaviors in a lid–driven square cavity filled with high Prandtl number fluids at low Reynolds number have been studied using Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Method (TLBM). The LBM has built up on the D2Q9 model called the Lattice-BGK (Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook) model. The Lattice Boltzmann momentum and energy equations are considered simultaneously to solve the problem. Effects of non dimensional mixed convection parameter, namely buoyancy parameter or Richardson number (Ri) in presence of heat generation (q) with moving lid are discussed to investigate the thermal and fluid flow behaviors. It deals with continuing and comparison study of authors recent published work (Taher et al. 2013). The results are presented as velocity and temperature profiles as well as stream function and temperature contours for 0.50 ≤ Ri ≤ 10.0 and q ranging from 0.0 to 0.10 with other controlling parameters. It is found that LBM has good potential to simulate mixed convection heat transfer and fluid flow problems. The mixed convection parameter, Ri, provides an important measurement of the thermal natural convection forces relative to the mechanically induced lid-driven forced convection with heat generation (q) effects. Moreover, it is found that the overall heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) are significantly increased with increasing Ri and decreased very slightly with increasing the values of heat generation. Finally, the simulation results have been compared with the previous numerical and experimental results and it is found to be in good agreement