One pot domino synthesis of polyvicinalamine monomers

On a genere de l'imidazole par une reaction de type domino in situ entre le glyoxal, le formaldehyde et deux unites d'ammoniac aqueux. L'addition de bicarbonate aqueux et d'un anhydride carboxylique ou d'un dicarbonate de dialkyle conduit a la formation de la N,N'-diacyl- ou N,N'-dicarbalkoxy-2-hydroxyimidazoline correspondante. Il s'ensuit une reaction de clivage de cycle de Bamberger qui permet d'isoler facilement le cis-1,2-di(acetamido)ethene, le cis-1,2-di(propylamido)ethene, le cis-1,2-di(ethoxyamido)ethene, le cis-1,2-di(tert-butoxyamido)ethene ou le cis-1,2-di(benzamido)ethene sous la forme de solides. La facilite et la generalite offerte par cette approche monotope implique une voie efficace du point de vue des couts en vue de la synthese de routine de precurseurs d'amines oligo- et polyvicinales

Proceedings of the Conference on Globalization and Its Discontents

In this paper we analyze the potential impact of the EU sugar reform on the Turkish sugar industry. Turkey’s candidacy to the EU and its strong economic links to the region imply that EU sugar policy will likely to be binding for Turkey as well in which case this will lead to a decrease in prices of Turkish sugar by no less than 55%. Turkish sugar industry will be seriously affected by the reduction in beet and sugar prices which will not be offset by possible increases in world sugar prices. Growers on contract will decline substantially. Since the reduction in growers contracted is more extensive than declines in sales, we can predict that the sugar industry will be transformed as a result of the synchronization with EU policies. In the aftermath of this transformation, we expect to see larger and more efficient plants prevail with increased capacities and work with fewer growers with large acreages.sugar industry, turkish sugar industry, sugar prices, EU sugar reform

Targeting reserve growth opportunities in the northern Gulf of Mexico Basin: transferring secondary gas recovery technology to the offshore environment Book 1

The Bureau of Economic Geology's Offshore Secondary Gas Recovery project is a multi-fiscal-year project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, whose goal is to identify additional natural gas resources in a major field in the northern Gulf of Mexico Basin through multidisciplinary field and reservoir characterization study. Phases 1 and 2 of the project work plan (Project Preparation and Data Gathering and Loading, respectively) are nearly complete and scheduled to be completed by the end of October 1999. Phase 3 of the plan (Data Analysis) is well underway, and a list of preliminary leads is currently being compiled to convey to our industry partner. Reservoir tops have been spotted to facilitate production evaluation and recompletion opportunity. Key regional sequence surfaces have been identified in well logs and seismic, and mapping is being completed in the seismic dataset. Some of these surfaces have provided horizons to initiate a continuity processing of the seismic data volume for mapping depositional architecture. Well log interpretation of stacking patterns and systems tracts is well underway. Correlation surfaces have been compiled, and cross sections have been generated and interpreted for depositional elements. These data are being integrated with seismic data via Landmark® software. The project is on track within its projected timeframe, and additional personnel are being added as per the technical analysis plan. The key objective in the next fiscal year is to do the bulk of the technical analysis, focusing on generating a prioritized portfolio of infill and exploration prospects. Direct hydrocarbon indicator (DHI) modeling and analysis, continuity and impedance analysis, a general attribute interpretation of the seismic data, continued log-facies and parasequence interpretation, fault-seal analysis, and rigorous petrophysical analysis of well data are critical components of this objective.Bureau of Economic Geolog

A rare cause of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding: mesenteric hemangioma

Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage accounts for approximately 20% of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The most common causes of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in adults are diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, benign anorectal diseases, intestinal neoplasias, coagulopathies and arterio-venous malformations. Hemangiomas of gastrointestinal tract are rare. Mesenteric hemangiomas are also extremely rare

Structural basis for HCMV Pentamer receptor recognition and antibody neutralization

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) represents the viral leading cause of congenital birth defects and uses the gH/ gL/UL128-130-131A complex (Pentamer) to enter different cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells. Upon infection, Pentamer elicits the most potent neutralizing response against HCMV, representing a key vaccine candidate. Despite its relevance, the structural basis for Pentamer receptor recognition and antibody neutralization is largely unknown. Here, we determine the structures of Pentamer bound to neuropilin 2 (NRP2) and a set of potent neutralizing antibodies against HCMV. Moreover, we identify thrombomodulin (THBD) as a functional HCMV receptor and determine the structures of the Pentamer-THBD complex. Unexpectedly, both NRP2 and THBD also promote dimerization of Pentamer. Our results provide a framework for understanding HCMV receptor engagement, cell entry, antibody neutralization, and outline strategies for antiviral therapies against HCMV

Primary tracheal adenocystic carcinoma and tracheal tumors during pregnancy

Cancer complicates approximately 0.1% of all pregnancies. Primary tracheal carcinoma is one of very rarely seen tumors and the rate of its being seen makes up approximately % 0.2 of all tumors of respiratory tract. The patient, 28 years old, who has 28-weeks-pregnant, was diagnosed with primary tracheal adenocystic carcinoma. Patient was made operation as thoracotomy and tracheal tumor was removed at the 28th week of pregnancy. Patient was delivered with sectio abdominale at the 39th week of pregnancy. Primary tracheal adenocystic carcinoma is very rarely seen tumors and it is the first tracheal ACC with pregnancy case in literature to have been detected and surgically treated during pregnancy. We discussed primary tracheal adenocystic carcinoma and tracheal tumors during pregnancy with literature

Determination of acrylamide using the immuno-enzymatic method in commercial dog and cat foods

Pet animals raised by humans do not have the chance to choose their own food. Therefore, mistakes made by humans in feeding dogs and cats will adversely affect the health of the animal. There are applications at high temperatures at various stages during the production of dog and cat foods. It is predicted that acrylamide (AA) can be formed as a result of a possible Maillard reaction since the cat and dog foods contain starch in its structure. The aim of this study is to determine the AA residue immuno-enzymatically in dry cat and dog feeds from different companies available on the market. Thus, possible threats to cat and dog health, if any, will be determined, and the applicability of the method will be tested by determining the AA level in foods for the first time with this method. For this purpose, 42 cat and dog foods belonging to various companies in the market were randomly collected from different pet clinics in Aydin and made ready for testing by passing through various stages. AA residues in foods were tested in an immuno-enzymatic way and as a result, AA residue was found in approximately 33% (14 samples) of the analyzed samples in dry cat and dog foods, with an average AA concentration of 87.35 ppb in these samples. The AA concentration in the samples was determined as 45 ppb at the lowest and 155 ppb at the highest. AA could not be detected in 67% of the investigated samples. In conclusion, the Maillard reaction observed during the preparation of food for pets is an important cause of AA formation. Therefore, improvement of formulation and process needs to be regulated carefully. In addition, it is recommended that the immuno-enzymatic method used in the study must be supported by more future studies

Biphasic Pulmonary Blastoma Associated with Cerebral Metastasis

Pulmonary blastoma is a very rare malignant tumor of the lungs. A biphasic pulmonary blastoma was histologically diagnosed by a characteristic finding as it was mainly constituted of immature tumor tissue that had both epithelial and mesenchymal components. We present a case of a 68-year-old man with biphasic pulmonary blastoma. The patient underwent cranial metastatectomy and left lung upper lobectomy. Although the tumor was resected, there was rapid metastasis to the cranial, liver, kidney and multiple bones. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administrated, the patient died about 6 months postoperatively. Close follow-up and aggressive chemotherapy should be considered for such tumours. In the light of this case, the authors review the pathologic, clinical, radiological and therapeutic features of this very rare malignant lung tumor

Process matchmaking on a p2p environment

A process matchmaking environment based on P2P architecture and Gnutella protocol is established Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) is used as middleware. The processes are modeled as one-input transition systems augmented by goal state descriptions. A polynomial-time algorithm for handling matchmaking of peer process encounters is developed The environment can easily be customized to a specific application domain by simple user-interface modifications and through the development of related state ontologies