1,836 research outputs found
Controlling the Floquet state population and observing micromotion in a periodically driven two-body quantum system
Near-resonant periodic driving of quantum systems promises the implementation
of a large variety of novel effective Hamiltonians. The challenge of Floquet
engineering lies in the preparation and measurement of the desired quantum
state. We address these aspects in a model system consisting of interacting
fermions in a periodically driven array of double wells created by an optical
lattice. The singlet and triplet fractions and the double occupancy of the
Floquet states are measured, and their behavior as a function of the
interaction strength is analyzed in the high- and low-frequency regimes. We
demonstrate full control of the Floquet state population and find suitable
ramping protocols and time-scales which adiabatically connect the initial
ground state to different targeted Floquet states. The micromotion which
exactly describes the time evolution of the system within one driving cycle is
observed. Additionally, we provide an analytic description of the model and
compare it to numerical simulations
Enhancement and sign change of magnetic correlations in a driven quantum many-body system
Periodic driving can be used to coherently control the properties of a
many-body state and to realize new phases which are not accessible in static
systems. For example, exposing materials to intense laser pulses enables to
provoke metal-insulator transitions, control the magnetic order and induce
transient superconducting behaviour well above the static transition
temperature. However, pinning down the responsible mechanisms is often
difficult, since the response to irradiation is governed by complex many-body
dynamics. In contrast to static systems, where extensive calculations have been
performed to explain phenomena such as high-temperature superconductivity,
theoretical analyses of driven many-body Hamiltonians are more demanding and
new theoretical approaches have been inspired by the recent observations. Here,
we perform an experimental quantum simulation in a periodically modulated
hexagonal lattice and show that anti-ferromagnetic correlations in a fermionic
many-body system can be reduced or enhanced or even switched to ferromagnetic
correlations. We first demonstrate that in the high frequency regime, the
description of the many-body system by an effective Floquet-Hamiltonian with a
renormalized tunnelling energy remains valid, by comparing the results to
measurements in an equivalent static lattice. For near-resonant driving, the
enhancement and sign reversal of correlations is explained by a microscopic
model, in which the particle tunnelling and magnetic exchange energies can be
controlled independently. In combination with the observed sufficiently long
lifetime of correlations, Floquet engineering thus constitutes an alternative
route to experimentally investigate unconventional pairing in strongly
correlated systems.Comment: 6+7 pages, 4+4 figure
Analytic approximations to the phase diagram of the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model with application to ion chains
We discuss analytic approximations to the ground state phase diagram of the
homogeneous Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard (JCH) Hamiltonian with general short-range
hopping. The JCH model describes e.g. radial phonon excitations of a linear
chain of ions coupled to an external laser field tuned to the red motional
sideband with Coulomb mediated hopping or an array of high- coupled cavities
containing a two-level atom and photons. Specifically we consider the cases of
a linear array of coupled cavities and a linear ion chain. We derive
approximate analytic expressions for the boundaries between Mott-insulating and
superfluid phases and give explicit expressions for the critical value of the
hopping amplitude within the different approximation schemes. In the case of an
array of cavities, which is represented by the standard JCH model we compare
both approximations to numerical data from density-matrix renormalization group
(DMRG) calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, extended and corrected second versio
Waveguide components for space applications manufactured by additive manufacturing technology
This study investigates the use of novel manufacturing technologies for space antenna feed chain systems. A comparison between conventional and advanced manufacturing technologies concerning the radio-frequency (RF) performance was made, in order to derive design rules for the novel manufacturing technology. Waveguide runs as well as feed chain components were redesigned by using these design rules. Therefore, mainly elliptical and circular waveguide sections were used. Different components were combined to save mass and power losses. Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) was chosen to build feed chain components in order to investigate the advantages of ALM compared to conventional technologies. This study concludes with an outlook on future opportunities of advanced manufacturing technologies for RF space applications as well as ongoing development activities
Higgs-strahlung and fusion in collisions
Higgs-strahlung and fusion
are the most important mechanisms for the production of Higgs bosons in
collisions at LEP2 and future linear colliders. We have
calculated the cross sections and energy/angular distributions of the Higgs
boson for these production mechanisms. When the boson decays into
(electron-)neutrinos, the two production amplitudes interfere. In the
cross-over region between the two mechanisms the interference term is positive
and of the same size as the individual cross sections, thus enhancing the
production rate.Comment: 9 pages LaTeX2e (using standard graphicx package), 8 figure
Push-out force and impulse measurement of seven types of small arms ammunition with three different surface states
This study analyzes the influence of lubrication treatments on the force absorbed by the breech bolt called push-out force. The results are of high interest for weapon-safety and durability studies, especially when it comes to weapon maintenance. A barrel-ammunition combination represents an expanding vessel under high pressure. The pressure rises from ambient up to 420 MPa in less than a millisecond. During such a highly dynamic process, purely static equations, describing the problem of the casing push-out force, may not be applied. Besides the dynamic behavior, the surface properties and geometry also play an important role. To investigate the push-out force, a measurement system based on a force washer was built. This system was validated using a crusher method and finite element analysis. The impulse was calculated using the data of the measured force to obtain additional information about the force-time properties of the push-out behavior. Untreated ammunition and two lubrication systems: âice layerâ and âoil lubricated,â as well as seven different ammunition sizes ranging from 5.56 to 12.7 mm were considered. The response was the force absorbed by the bolt while the cartridge provides rear obturation to the combustion gases. It was found that both the casing geometry and its treatments have a significant influence on the push-out force
3D Extrusion Printing of Biphasic Anthropomorphic Brain Phantoms Mimicking MR Relaxation Times Based on Alginate-Agarose-Carrageenan Blends
The availability of adapted phantoms mimicking different body parts is fundamental to establishing the stability and reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. The primary purpose of such phantoms is the mimicking of physiologically relevant, contrast-creating relaxation times T1 and T2. For the head, frequently examined by MRI, an anthropomorphic design of brain phantoms would imply the discrimination of gray matter and white matter (WM) within defined, spatially distributed compartments. Multichannel extrusion printing allows the layer-by layer fabrication of multiple pastelike materials in a spatially defined manner with a predefined shape. In this study, the advantages of this method are used to fabricate biphasic brain phantoms mimicking MR relaxation times and anthropomorphic geometry. The printable ink was based on purely naturally derived polymers: alginate as a calcium-cross-linkable gelling agent, agarose, iota- carrageenan, and GdCl3 in different concentrations (0-280 mu mol kg-1) as the paramagnetic component. The suggested inks (e.g., 3Alg-1Agar-6Car) fulfilled the requirements of viscoelastic behavior and printability of large constructs (>150 mL). The microstructure and distribution of GdCl3 were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In closely monitored steps of technological development and characterization, from monophasic and biphasic samples as printable inks and cross-linked gels, we describe the construction of large-scale phantom models whose relaxation times were characterized and checked for stability over time
- âŠ