Outpatient Physical Therapy Following Surgical Repair of a Left Patellar Tendon Rupture: A Case Report

Patellar tendon tears often occur in patients less than 40 years old with forced flexion of the knee. Surgical repair of the tendon is most commonly the treatment following a tear; additionally, performing surgery to repair the tendon in a timely fashion is an important prognostic factor. The purpose of this case report is to outline the deficits following surgical repair of a left patellar tendon rupture, describe specific physical therapy interventions used during 12 weeks of outpatient rehabilitation, and report the outcomes of physical therapy.https://dune.une.edu/pt_studcrposter/1001/thumbnail.jp

ACUTE AND CHRONIC RESPONSES TO EXERCISE WITH BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION

Exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) allows healthy, clinical, and athletic populations to improve their strength and exercise capacity. The main advantages exercise with BFR has over traditional training are: 1) increases in muscle size, strength, and exercise capacity are elicited at low training loads, 2) these adaptations occur faster with blood flow restriction, 3) increases in muscle size and strength can be stimulated during both resistance and aerobic exercise. Currently, there are no standardized guidelines for exercise with BFR. I used a variety of experimental techniques including ultrasound, near-infrared spectroscopy, expired air analysis, electrical stimulation, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to investigate how cuff pressure and as well as the type of exercise alter acute and chronic responses to exercise with BFR. I was the first to report changes in blood flow during resistance exercise with BFR, and before and after aerobic exercise with BFR. Additionally, I am the first to directly report differences in muscle size, strength, and exercise capacity following aerobic or resistance training with BFR. Overall, I found that the relative reduction in blood flow measured prior to exercise is maintained during exercise. Additionally, I found that moderate cuff pressures of ~60% of limb occlusion pressure increase metabolic stress without completely occluding blood flow, and therefore is an adequate pressure for both aerobic and resistance exercise with BFR. Finally, I found that aerobic exercise with BFR may be more favorable than resistance exercise because it results in similar increases in muscle size and strength, but at a lower ratings of perceived effort and pain. Taken together, these studies will enable researchers, clinicians, and coaches to more effectively prescribe exercise with BFR to improve muscle size, strength and exercise capacity

TRANSITIONING FROM ROAD RUNNING TO TRAIL RUNNING

The purpose of this experiment was to discover possible biomechanical differences in running gait, foot-strike patterns, and ground reaction forces between running over uneven terrain (i.e., a trail) and smooth terrain (i.e., road). Participants ran repeatedly over an artificial, rough trail and a smooth, smooth section. Video analysis was used to determine any differences in gait and foot-strike patterns. A force platform was used to determine ground reaction forces. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant difference in gait or ground reaction forces, while a Chi-Squared analysis revealed significantly more forefoot strikes while running over uneven, rough terrain

Immunofluorescence microscopy-based detection of ssDNA foci by BrdU in mammalian cells

Acknowledgments This work was funded by the MRC Program grant MC_PC 12001/1 and MC_UU_00001/1 to K.R., and S.K. was supported by the MRC Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology (OIRO) Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Studentship. We thank Dr. Rhodri Wilson from the microscopy imaging core (University of Oxford, Department of Oncology) for his technical advice and assistance. Graphical abstract was created with BioRender.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

THE INFLUENCE OF DROP HEIGHT ON GROUND REACTION FORCES IN MOUNTAIN BIKING

This study examined ground reaction forces (GRFs) when landing from a drop-off in mountain biking. Eight male mountain bikers participated in this study. Participants rode up onto and across an adjustable wooden platform, performing three drop maneuvers at each vertical height of 29 cm, 48 cm, and 67 cm, simulating drop-offs in mountain biking. Peak vertical GRFs when landing from each drop was measured using 3 force platforms in the landing area. When examining the rear and front tire individually, peak vertical GRFs were significantly higher for the rear tire at each drop height. Additionally, significant increases in summed peak vertical GRFs occurred from the low to middle and middle to high dropoff. Therefore, this may support implications that mountain biking includes osteogenic stimuli that is beneficial to bone health

Physiological Responses to Acute Cycling With Blood Flow Restriction

Aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) can improve muscular function and aerobic capacity. However, the extent to which cuff pressure influences acute physiological responses to aerobic exercise with BFR is not well documented. We compared blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and neuromuscular responses to acute cycling with and without BFR. Ten participants completed four intermittent cycling (6 × 2 min) conditions: low-load cycling (LL), low-load cycling with BFR at 60% of limb occlusion pressure (BFR60), low-load cycling with BFR at 80% of limb occlusion pressure (BFR80), and high-load cycling (HL). Tissue oxygenation, cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and perceptual responses were assessed during cycling and blood flow was measured during recovery periods. Pre- to post-exercise changes in knee extensor function were also assessed. BFR60 and BFR80 reduced blood flow (~33 and ~ 50%, respectively) and tissue saturation index (~5 and ~15%, respectively) when compared to LL (all  \u3c 0.05). BFR60 resulted in lower VO, heart rate, ventilation, and perceived exertion compared to HL (all  \u3c 0.05), whereas BFR80 resulted in similar heart rates and exertion to HL (both  \u3e 0.05). BFR60 and BFR80 elicited greater pain compared to LL and HL (all  \u3c 0.05). After exercise, knee extensor torque decreased by ~18 and 40% for BFR60 and BFR80, respectively (both  \u3c 0.05), and was compromised mostly through peripheral mechanisms. Cycling with BFR increased metabolic stress, decreased blood flow, and impaired neuromuscular function. However, only BFR60 did so without causing very severe pain (\u3e8 on pain intensity scale). Cycling with BFR at moderate pressure may serve as a potential alternative to traditional high-intensity aerobic exercise

Geometric Entropy for Lead vs Top-Rope Rock Climbing

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 168-174, 2016. The complexity of movement of a rock climber’s center of mass during an ascent has been described as geometric entropy (GE). It has been proposed that lower geometric entropy could represent more fluid and economical movement during climbing. The purpose of the present study was to measure GE during rock climbing ascents under a lead condition (LD), where the climber connects a safety rope to several intermediate anchors during the ascent and under a top-rope condition (TR), where the safety rope is always anchored above the climber. Six experienced rock climbers volunteered to participate in the study. Each participant ascended a route on natural rock outdoors under three conditions. The first ascent was performed in a top-rope condition as an accommodation trial. The two remaining ascents were performed as LD and top-rope (TR2) in random order. Each LD and TR2 ascent was recorded via digital video at 30 Hz. A single point at the back center of each climber’s waist harness was manually digitized from the video images at 6 Hz and interpreted as the climber’s center of mass (CM). The displacement of CM was expressed as the line of motion (LM). Geometric Entropy (GE) was calculated as GE = ln((2∙LM)/CH)), where CH was the value of the convex hull about the LM. A within subjects, repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc testing was utilized to test for differences among ascent conditions with significance set at P \u3c0.05. Mean (±s.d) values for LM and GE were 81.5±11.3 m vs 77.6±7.3 m and 1.021±0.133 vs 0.924±0.062 for LD and TR2 respectively. There were no significant differences for LM and GE between ascent conditions. It was concluded that LM and GE do not vary between LD and TR ascent conditions

In-class cycling to augment college student academic performance and reduce physical inactivity: Results from an RCT

Most college students sit 14 hours per week on average, excluding sedentary study time. Researchers observing workplace and elementary school settings with active workstations to combat sedentary behavior have shown enhanced cognition without distraction. Until now, incorporating active workstations in college classroom settings remained relatively unexplored. This study’s purpose was to assess academic performance using in-class stationary cycle desks during a semester-long lecture course. Twenty-one college students (19–24 years) enrolled in a lecture course volunteered and were split into traditional sit (SIT) and stationary cycle (CYC) groups randomly, matched on a calculated factor equal to a physical activity (PA) score (0–680) multiplied by grade point average (GPA; 4.0 scale). CYC pedaled a prescribed rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of less than 2 out of 10 during a 50-min lecture, 3 × week for 12 weeks. CYC averaged 42 min, 7.9 miles, and 1.7 RPE during class throughout the semester. No significant differences (p \u3e 0.05) were observed between CYC and SIT on in-class test scores or overall course grades. Although statistically insignificant, CYC had higher mean test scores and overall course grades vs. SIT (i.e., B+ vs. B, respectively). Low intensity cycling during a college lecture course maintained student academic performance and possibly reduced weekly sedentary behavior time

The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Romidepsin Spares Normal Tissues While Acting as an Effective Radiosensitizer in Bladder Tumors in Vivo

Funding Information: This work was funded by Cancer Research UK (CRUK; C5255/A23755). J.L.R. was funded by CRUK (project grant C15140/A19817). C.K.T. was funded by a CRUK DPhil Research Training and Support Grant, the Balliol College Alfred Douglas Stone Scholarship, and the University of Oxford Clarendon Fund. S.K. was funded by a CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology CRUK studentship.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Inter-annual and body topographic consistency in the plumage bacterial load of Great tits

Plumage bacteria may play an important role in shaping the life histories of birds. However, to design suitable experiments to examine causal relationships between plumage bacteria and the fitness of host birds, natural variation in plumage bacterial communities needs to be better understood.We examined within-individual consistency of plumage bacterial contamination in Great Tits (Parus major), comparing different body regions (ventral vs. dorsal) and comparing contamination between years. Numbers of free-living and attached bacteria and the species richness of feather-degrading bacterial assemblages were studied using flow cytometry and ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). Numbers of both types of bacteria were higher on dorsal than on ventral feathers. Numbers of free-living, but not attached, bacteria on the two body regions were highly positively correlated. There was also a strong within-individual correlation between numbers of attached bacteria during the same breeding stages in different years. These results suggest that, despite variation in absolute levels of feather bacterial loads between years and different body regions, sampling individual birds can provide reliable estimates of relative levels of bacterial contamination, as long as sampling time and body region are carefully standardized.Las bacterias del plumaje pueden jugar un papel importante en el moldeamiento de las historias de vida de las aves. Sin embargo, para diseñar un experimento adecuado que examine la relación efecto causa entre las bacterias del plumaje y el éxito de las aves hospederas, se necesita entender mejor la variación natural de la comunidad de bacterias en el plumaje. Examinamos la consistencia en la contaminación de bacterias dentro de los individuos de Parus major, comprando diferentes regiones del cuerpo (ventral vs dorsal) y comparando contaminación entre años. Números de bacterias viviendo libremente y adheridas y la riqueza de especies del ensamble de bacterias degradadoras de plumas fueron estudiadas usando citometria de flujo y análisis ribosomal intergenetico espaciado (RISA). Números de ambos tipos de bacterias fueron más elevados en el dorso que en las plumas ventrales. Números de bacterias viviendo libremente, pero no las adheridas, en las regiones del cuerpo estuvieron altamente y positivamente correlacionados. También hubo una fuerte correlación dentro del individuo entre los números de bacterias adheridos durante el mismo estado reproductivo en años diferentes. Estos resultados sugieren que a pesar de la variación absoluta en los niveles de las cargas de bacterias del plumaje entre años y diferentes regiones corporales, individuos muestreados pueden proporcionar estimativos consistentes en los niveles relativos de contaminación bacteriana, siempre y cuando los tiempos de muestreo y la región corporal sean cuidadosamente estandarizados.The Estonian Science Foundation (grant number ETF8566 to R.M. and ETF8376 to V.T.), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (target-financing project number SF0180004s09) and the European Regional Development Fund (Center of Excellence FIBIR).http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1557-9263