2,760 research outputs found
Experimental implementation of a four-player quantum game
Game theory is central to the understanding of competitive interactions
arising in many fields, from the social and physical sciences to economics.
Recently, as the definition of information is generalized to include entangled
quantum systems, quantum game theory has emerged as a framework for
understanding the competitive flow of quantum information. Up till now only
two-player quantum games have been demonstrated. Here we report the first
experiment that implements a four-player quantum Minority game over tunable
four-partite entangled states encoded in the polarization of single photons.
Experimental application of appropriate quantum player strategies give
equilibrium payoff values well above those achievable in the classical game.
These results are in excellent quantitative agreement with our theoretical
analysis of the symmetric Pareto optimal strategies. Our result demonstrate for
the first time how non-trivial equilibria can arise in a competitive situation
involving quantum agents and pave the way for a range of quantum transaction
applications.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Entangled-State Cycles of Atomic Collective-Spin States
We study quantum trajectories of collective atomic spin states of
effective two-level atoms driven with laser and cavity fields. We show that
interesting ``entangled-state cycles'' arise probabilistically when the (Raman)
transition rates between the two atomic levels are set equal. For odd (even)
, there are () possible cycles. During each cycle the
-qubit state switches, with each cavity photon emission, between the states
, where is a Dicke state in a rotated
collective basis. The quantum number (), which distinguishes the
particular cycle, is determined by the photon counting record and varies
randomly from one trajectory to the next. For even it is also possible,
under the same conditions, to prepare probabilistically (but in steady state)
the Dicke state , i.e., an -qubit state with excitations,
which is of particular interest in the context of multipartite entanglement.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Engineering a C-Phase quantum gate: optical design and experimental realization
A two qubit quantum gate, namely the C-Phase, has been realized by exploiting
the longitudinal momentum (i.e. the optical path) degree of freedom of a single
photon. The experimental setup used to engineer this quantum gate represents an
advanced version of the high stability closed-loop interferometric setup
adopted to generate and characterize 2-photon 4-qubit Phased Dicke states. Some
experimental results, dealing with the characterization of multipartite
entanglement of the Phased Dicke states are also discussed in detail.Comment: accepted for publication on EPJ
Violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality with weak measurements of photons
By weakly measuring the polarization of a photon between two strong
polarization measurements, we experimentally investigate the correlation
between the appearance of anomalous values in quantum weak measurements, and
the violation of realism and non-intrusiveness of measurements. A quantitative
formulation of the latter concept is expressed in terms of a Leggett-Garg
inequality for the outcomes of subsequent measurements of an individual quantum
system. We experimentally violate the Leggett-Garg inequality for several
measurement strengths. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that there is
a one-to-one correlation between achieving strange weak values and violating
the Leggett-Garg inequality.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
A simple scheme for expanding photonic cluster states for quantum information
We show how an entangled cluster state encoded in the polarization of single
photons can be straightforwardly expanded by deterministically entangling
additional qubits encoded in the path degree of freedom of the constituent
photons. This can be achieved using a polarization--path controlled-phase gate.
We experimentally demonstrate a practical and stable realization of this
approach by using a Sagnac interferometer to entangle a path qubit and
polarization qubit on a single photon. We demonstrate precise control over
phase of the path qubit to change the measurement basis and experimentally
demonstrate properties of measurement-based quantum computing using a 2 photon,
3 qubit cluster state
Modulations of DNA contacts by linker histones and post-translational modifications determine the mobility and modifiability of nucleosomal H3 tails.
Post-translational histone modifications and linker histone incorporation regulate chromatin structure and genome activity. How these systems interface on a molecular level is unclear. Using biochemistry and NMR spectroscopy, we deduced mechanistic insights into the modification behavior of N-terminal histone H3 tails in different nucleosomal contexts. We find that linker histones generally inhibit modifications of different H3 sites and reduce H3 tail dynamics in nucleosomes. These effects are caused by modulations of electrostatic interactions of H3 tails with linker DNA and largely depend on the C-terminal domains of linker histones. In agreement, linker histone occupancy and H3 tail modifications segregate on a genome-wide level. Charge-modulating modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation weaken transient H3 tail-linker DNA interactions, increase H3 tail dynamics, and, concomitantly, enhance general modifiability. We propose that alterations of H3 tail-linker DNA interactions by linker histones and charge-modulating modifications execute basal control mechanisms of chromatin function
Robustness of raw quantum tomography
We scrutinize the effects of non-ideal data acquisition on the homodyne
tomograms of photon quantum states. The presence of a weight function,
schematizing the effects of the finite thickness of the probing beam or
equivalently noise, only affects the state reconstruction procedure by a
normalization constant. The results are extended to a discrete mesh and show
that quantum tomography is robust under incomplete and approximate knowledge of
tomograms.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, published versio
Experimental measurement-based quantum computing beyond the cluster-state model
The paradigm of measurement-based quantum computation opens new experimental
avenues to realize a quantum computer and deepens our understanding of quantum
physics. Measurement-based quantum computation starts from a highly entangled
universal resource state. For years, clusters states have been the only known
universal resources. Surprisingly, a novel framework namely quantum computation
in correlation space has opened new routes to implement measurement-based
quantum computation based on quantum states possessing entanglement properties
different from cluster states. Here we report an experimental demonstration of
every building block of such a model. With a four-qubit and a six-qubit state
as distinct from cluster states, we have realized a universal set of
single-qubit rotations, two-qubit entangling gates and further Deutsch's
algorithm. Besides being of fundamental interest, our experiment proves
in-principle the feasibility of universal measurement-based quantum computation
without using cluster states, which represents a new approach towards the
realization of a quantum computer.Comment: 26 pages, final version, comments welcom
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