A dynamic model to assess the carrying capacity of a defined system

A system dynamics method to assess carrying capacity of a defined natural environment is presented. The proposed method seeks to relate per capita resource usage to ranges of population and per capita consumption beyond which the system is not viable relative to population dependent resource constraints. It provides a platform to investigate system behavior through system dynamics simulations where populations change, natural resources decay due to stressor impacts, and feedback occurs via implementation of policy. Application of the model to a case study of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) of phosphorous in Bear Lake, a Lake Michigan estuary (USA), shows the major total phosphorous (P) loading contribution is anthropogenic land use development. Three scenarios are quantitatively explored by assuming changes in land use and/or loading rates. Simulation results show tradeoffs between reduction of total P and land use; economic development can be flexibly evaluated against targets of loading reduction trajectories

Uno studio sulla massima deflessione degli ultra-high-energy cosmic rays da parte dei campi magnetici primordiali

Gli Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays sono dei raggi cosmici-dotati di energia estremamente elevata-che raggiungono la Terra con un bassissimo rateo e dei quali abbiamo pochi dati a riguardo; le incertezze riguardano la loro composizione, la loro sorgente, i metodi di accelerazione e le caratteristiche dei campi magnetici che li deviano durante il loro cammino. L’obiettivo di questo studio è determinare quali modelli di campo magnetico possano descrivere correttamente la propagazione degli UHECRs, andando a fare un confronto con i dati sperimentali a disposizione; infatti, quello che osserviamo è una distribuzione isotropa nel cielo e, di conseguenza, i modelli teorici di propagazione, per poter essere accettati, devono rispecchiare tale comportamento. Sono stati testati nove modelli di campo magnetico tratti da simulazioni cosmologiche, andando a considerare due diverse composizione per i CRs (simil-ferro e simil-protone) e il risultato ha dato delle risposte positive solo per tre di essi. Tali modelli, per cui troviamo accordo, sono caratterizzati da una scala di inomegeneità più ampia rispetto a quella dei modelli scartati, infatti, analizzando il loro spettro di potenza, il maggior contributo è dato da fluttuazioni di campo magnetico su scale di 10 Mpc. Ciò naturalmente, viste anche le poche informazioni riguardo ai campi magnetici intergalattici, ci porta a pensare che campi di questo tipo siano favoriti. Inoltre, per tali modelli, gli esiti sono risultati particolarmente in accordo con i dati sperimentali, considerando CRs con composizione simile al ferro: ciò fa pensare che tale composizione possa essere quella effettiva

Runtime Monitoring On Hard Real-Time Operating Systems

This thesis will compare and evaluate different approaches in integrating runtime monitors into processes running on a hard real-time operating system. The host system is a single board computer (SBC) with a VxWorks 653 hard real-time operating system henceforth referred to as a flight control computer (FCC). The FCC is an integrated modular avionics (IMA) system representative of actual flight computers. VxWorks 653 is based on the ARINC 653 standard and provides time and space partitioning for IMA systems.M.S

Highlights from the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. Our current exposure reaches nearly 40,000 km$^2$ str and provides us with an unprecedented quality data set. The performance and stability of the detectors and their enhancements are described. Data analyses have led to a number of major breakthroughs. Among these we discuss the energy spectrum and the searches for large-scale anisotropies. We present analyses of our X$_{max}$ data and show how it can be interpreted in terms of mass composition. We also describe some new analyses that extract mass sensitive parameters from the 100% duty cycle SD data. A coherent interpretation of all these recent results opens new directions. The consequences regarding the cosmic ray composition and the properties of UHECR sources are briefly discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, talk given at the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Rio de Janeiro 201

Calibration of the Logarithmic-Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) Radio Stations at the Pierre Auger Observatory using an Octocopter

An in-situ calibration of a logarithmic periodic dipole antenna with a frequency coverage of 30 MHz to 80 MHz is performed. Such antennas are part of a radio station system used for detection of cosmic ray induced air showers at the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the so-called Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA). The directional and frequency characteristics of the broadband antenna are investigated using a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) carrying a small transmitting antenna. The antenna sensitivity is described by the vector effective length relating the measured voltage with the electric-field components perpendicular to the incoming signal direction. The horizontal and meridional components are determined with an overall uncertainty of 7.4^{+0.9}_{-0.3} % and 10.3^{+2.8}_{-1.7} % respectively. The measurement is used to correct a simulated response of the frequency and directional response of the antenna. In addition, the influence of the ground conductivity and permittivity on the antenna response is simulated. Both have a negligible influence given the ground conditions measured at the detector site. The overall uncertainties of the vector effective length components result in an uncertainty of 8.8^{+2.1}_{-1.3} % in the square root of the energy fluence for incoming signal directions with zenith angles smaller than 60{\deg}.Comment: Published version. Updated online abstract only. Manuscript is unchanged with respect to v2. 39 pages, 15 figures, 2 table

Operations of and Future Plans for the Pierre Auger Observatory

Technical reports on operations and features of the Pierre Auger Observatory, including ongoing and planned enhancements and the status of the future northern hemisphere portion of the Observatory. Contributions to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, Lodz, Poland, July 2009.Comment: Contributions to the 31st ICRC, Lodz, Poland, July 200

Multi-resolution anisotropy studies of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a multi-resolution search for anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with local zenith angles up to $80^\circ$ and energies in excess of 4 EeV ($4 \times 10^{18}$ eV). This search is conducted by measuring the angular power spectrum and performing a needlet wavelet analysis in two independent energy ranges. Both analyses are complementary since the angular power spectrum achieves a better performance in identifying large-scale patterns while the needlet wavelet analysis, considering the parameters used in this work, presents a higher efficiency in detecting smaller-scale anisotropies, potentially providing directional information on any observed anisotropies. No deviation from isotropy is observed on any angular scale in the energy range between 4 and 8 EeV. Above 8 EeV, an indication for a dipole moment is captured; while no other deviation from isotropy is observed for moments beyond the dipole one. The corresponding $p$-values obtained after accounting for searches blindly performed at several angular scales, are $1.3 \times 10^{-5}$ in the case of the angular power spectrum, and $2.5 \times 10^{-3}$ in the case of the needlet analysis. While these results are consistent with previous reports making use of the same data set, they provide extensions of the previous works through the thorough scans of the angular scales.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe