CREATIVE ATTITUDES OF 6-GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS

Teachers’ recognition of the pupils’ creative potential is far from easy because of the complexity, ambiguity and multifaceted quality of the phenomenon of creativity. The activity of diagnosing pupils’ creative attitude calls for identifying the structure of their creative behaviour. Analysis of the data obtained in the study helped determine the level of the creative attitude of the pupils taking part in the study on the scale of heuristic and non-conformist behaviours

What is first? : metaphysics as prima philosophia and ultima scientia in the works of Thomas Aquinas

Przedmiotem analizy w tym artykule jest status metafizyki w relacji do innych nauk, a w szczególności to, jaki sens i uzasadnienie zyskuje jej hipotetyczne pierwszeństwo w całym systemie nauk na gruncie myśli Tomasza z Akwinu. Pytanie o to, co jest pierwsze w systemie nauk prowadzi do poszukiwania i sprawdzania kryteriów tego pierwszeństwa. Według Tomasza z Akwinu, metafizyka prawomocnie jest traktowana jako filozofia pierwsza; z jednej strony jej przedmiotem jest to, co pierwsze w porządku ontologicznym - pierwsze przyczyny bytu, z drugiej zaś strony inne nauki czerpią z niej swoje pierwsze zasady. W artykule krytycznie analizuje się oba te uzasadnienia pierwszeństwa metafizyki. Kryterium przedmiotowe jest kwestionowane przez wprowadzenie teologii objawionej do akceptowanego przez Tomasza systemu nauk; teologia objawiona również zajmuje się tym, co pierwsze, a czyni to w sposób bardziej autorytatywny niż metafizyka. Artykuł koncentruje się jednak na analizie najważniejszych zastrzeżeń dotyczących metodologicznego kryterium pierwszeństwa metafizyki. W relacji do innych nauk metafizyka jest bowiem w pewnym sensie pierwsza i funkcjonuje jako te nauki warunkująca, a zarazem w innym sensie jest ostatnia i przez te same nauki warunkowana. Metafizyka jest pierwsza o tyle, o ile inne nauki z niej wyprowadzają swoje pierwsze zasady, a jest ostatnia o tyle, o ile korzysta z danych ustalonych przez inne nauki, które są pierwsze w procesie nabywania wiedzy. Stąd zarzut, iż argumentacja Akwinaty dotycząca pierwszeństwa metafizyki ma charakter kołowy. W artykule analizuje się różne aspekty tej trudności i przedstawia propozycje jej przezwyciężenia.The article analyzes the status of metaphysics in relation to other sciences, especially the sense and reasons behind its priority in the system of sciences, as conveyed in the works of Thomas Aquinas. The question of what comes first in the system of sciences has led to an exploration and justification of the criteria behind this priority. According to Thomas Aquinas, metaphysics is justly considered to be the first philosophy : on the one hand it is occupied with what comes first in the ontological order - the first causes of being, on the other hand, other sciences rely on it for their first principles.The article critically analyzes both substantiation of the idea of being first. The substantive criterion is questioned by the introduction of revealed theology into the system of sciences accepted by Aquinas; revealed theology is also occupied with what comes first, and does so with greater authority than metaphysics. The article focuses on the analysis of main doubts concerning metaphysics' methodological criterion of priority: the idea that metaphysics, in relation to other sciences, is in a sense first and functions as a determinant , while also being last and determined by these very sciences. Metaphysics is first, as other sciences draw from it their first principles, and last as utilizes facts established by other sciences which come first in the process of knowledge acquisition. Hence the charge that Aquinas' argumentation concerning metaphysics' priority is circular in nature. The article analyzes varoius aspects of this difficulty and offers suggestions on how to overcome them

Suffosion Holes as the Results of a Breakage of a Buried Water Pipe

The result of a breakage of a buried water pipe is the watermovement in soil, which can cause that fine soil particles arewashed out from the solid matrix and transported through pores(suffosion process). It is widely known that the most hazardoussuffosion effects in urban areas relate to water-engineeringstructures. Holes, that can form on the soil surface by wateroutflowing after a failure of a buried pipeline (suffosion holes),are in different shapes and sizes. Recognition of factors influencingholes shapes and sizes would facilitate the preventionof hazardous suffosion effects connected with failures of waterdistribution systems. In the range of the presented article, theinfluence of selected parameters on the dimensions of suffosionholes was analyzed. The basis of the analysis was results oflaboratory investigations of the controlled leakage from a buriedwater pipe. The vast majority of values of suffosion holesareas, selected according to area of leak and hydraulic pressurehead in a pipe, occurred normally distributed. The tendencyof average area of suffosion holes to be higher with risingpressure head in a pipe was clearly visible, but we were asyet unable to select one regression model fitting measured andcalculated data better than others. Moreover, no tendency wasobserved between the biggest probable area of suffosion holeand pressure head in a pipe

Activated biocarbons derived from molasses as new tailored CO2 adsorbents

An innovative and cost-effective method for enhancing CO2 capture by modifying the textural properties of derived activated biocarbons was explored. A molasses solution was prepared with a sucrose concentration of 1 mol/dm3. A two-step synthesis process was involved, which includes the hydrothermal synthesis of spherical carbonaceous materials from molasses followed by chemical activation. The carbonaceous material to activation agent ratio was studied from 1 to 4. The CO2 adsorption of all activated biocarbons was tested at 0, 10, and 20°C and a pressure of up to 1 bar. The results showed a significant correlation between CO2 adsorption and the textural properties of the activated biocarbons. The activated biocarbon with the highest CO2 adsorption of 7.1 mmol/g at 1 bar and 0°C was successfully produced by modifying with KOH. The selectivity of CO2 over N2 calculated on the basis of the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory was excellent (16.5). The Sips model was found to be the most suitable, and the isosteric heats of adsorption were also specified

Apostolska posługa miłości Sióstr Służebniczek Bogarodzicy Dziewicy Niepokalanie Poczętej w parafii pw. św. Małgorzaty w Nowym Sączu w latach 1893–2016

The Congregation of the Sisters the Servants of the Mother of God Immaculately Conceived entrusts to the multiple apostolic ministry of charity, in particular the Christian education and teaching of children, the service of the poor and the sick, the support of families in their various needs and the various forms of parish and charitable work.At the end of the 19th century, the new establishment of the Congregation of the Sisters the Servants of the Mother of God Immaculately Conceived was established in the parish of St. Margaret in Nowy Sącz.From 1893 to 2016, that is 123 years in the parish of St. Margaret in Nowy Sącz sisters both raised and educated many generations of children in the Catholic Orphanage, and catechized and taught in parish centre, and later in state and Catholic pre-schools and schools. In addition, they made apostolic ministry of charity serving the poor and sick, supporting families in their multiple needs, and performing various forms of parish and charitable work. The sisters also served as organist in churches and ran children and youth choirs. They also took care of the decor and order in the parish church.Zgromadzenie Sióstr Służebniczek Bogarodzicy Dziewicy Niepokalanie Poczętej oddaje się wielorakiej apostolskiej posłudze miłości, a w sposób szczególny chrześcijańskiemu wychowaniu i nauczaniu dzieci, służbie ubogim i chorym, wspieraniu rodzin w ich wielorakich potrzebach oraz różnym formom pracy parafialnej i charytatywnej.Pod koniec XIX wieku w parafii pw. św. Małgorzaty w Nowym Sączu została utworzona nowa placówka Zgromadzenia Sióstr Służebniczek Bogarodzicy Dziewicy Niepokalanie Poczętej.Od 1893 roku do 2016 roku, tj. przez 123 lata w parafii pw. św. Małgorzaty w Nowym Sączu siostry wychowały i wykształciły wiele pokoleń dzieci, czy to w Katolickim Zakładzie Sierot, czy też katechizując i nauczając w parafialnych świetlicach, a później w państwowych i katolickich przedszkolach i szkołach. Ponadto podejmowały apostolską posługę miłości, służąc ubogim i chorym, wspierając rodziny w ich wielorakich potrzebach oraz wykonując różne formy pracy parafialnej i charytatywnej. Siostry pełniły również posługę organistowską w kościołach oraz prowadziły chóry dziecięce i młodzieżowe. Troszczyły się także o wystrój i porządek w kościele parafialnym

New approaches to developing the integral indicator methodology for estimating the financial efficiency of agricultural entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU countries

Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc. The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic. The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations - made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK