Commentary: Applying Positive Development Principles to Group Interventions for the Promotion of Family Resilience in Pediatric Psychology

As described in the call for this special issue, resilience is often defined as “achieving one or more positive outcomes despite exposure to significant risk or adversity” (Hilliard, Harris, & Weissberg-Benchell, 2012, p. 739). Resilience is particularly relevant to pediatric psychology, as youth and their families are tasked with overcoming risk factors simply by the nature of a child’s diagnosis of a disease/chronic illness and subsequent medical management demands. In addition to identifying key resilience factors within this population, it is critical to develop empirically supported clinical interventions to promote healthy biological, psychological, and social development; reduce youth psychopathology; and enhance optimal health outcomes. Although conceptually similar to the classic resilience/risk models, the positive development approach offers a distinct theoretical framework that can be used successfully in intervention development. This article describes exemplars of both resilience and positive development interventions for youth with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their families

Behavioral Factors Influencing Health Outcomes in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

The Pediatric Self-Management Model provides an overview of how behavioral factors influence children’s chronic medical illnesses. This general framework is used to organize the present review of how self-management behaviors, contextual factors, and processes impact health outcomes for adolescent youth with type 1 diabetes. Adherence has been widely studied in the diabetes literature, and there are consistent findings demonstrating associations between aspects of self-management, adherence, and metabolic control, yet there are still equivocal approaches to adherence assessment methodology (e.g. global versus specific measures). Metabolic control is a hallmark health outcome for youth with type 1 diabetes, but additional outcomes need to be further explored. Future research should utilize the Pediatric Self-Management Model’s operational definitions to guide empirically-supported interventions for youth with type 1 diabetes

Exploratory analysis of the relationships among different methods of assessing adherence and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objectives: The present study examined four methods of assessing diabetes adherence (self-report, diary measure, electronic monitoring, and provider rating) within a population of youth with Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Comparisons were conducted among the four methods of assessing diabetes adherence. Associations among the seven different measures of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) and HbA1c were examined. An exploratory stepwise regression analysis was conducted to determine the best predictors of glycemic control (i.e., Hemoglobin A1c; HbA1c) while controlling for relevant demographic variables. Results: The adherence measures appeared to be interrelated. The relationships between many of the BGM measures and HbA1c demonstrated a medium effect size. The Self Care Inventory (SCI) adjusted global score was the strongest predictor of HbA1c, even after taking the demographic variables into account. Conclusions: The SCI is a robust, easy-to-use, and cost-efficient measure of adherence that has a strong relationship to HbA1c. Demographic variables are important to examine within the context of different methods of assessing adherence. The research methodology utilized to assess both general diabetes adherence and more specific behavioral measurements of BGM should be clearly documented in future studies to ensure accurate interpretation of results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved

Effectiveness of Groups for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Parents

Peer- and family-based group therapies have been used as separate interventions to improve adjustment and self-management among youth with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study replicates a treatment protocol that combined these two types of diabetes management groups, while also using a wait-list control design methodology within an outpatient mental health clinic setting. General psychosocial and diabetes-related variables were assessed at baseline, immediately posttreatment, and 4 months posttreatment. Youths’ medical information, including metabolic control values, was extracted from medical charts for the 6 months prior to baseline and 6 months after treatment ended. At 4 months posttreatment, parents and youth reported increased parent responsibility, and parents reported improved youth diabetes-specific quality of life. Although there were no statistically significant changes in hemoglobin A1c values and health care utilization frequency from 6 months prior to and 6 months posttreatment, other psychosocial changes (i.e., increases in parent responsibility and diabetes-specific quality of life) were documented. Therefore, this treatment was found to be a promising intervention for use in an outpatient clinical setting to aid in improving the psychosocial functioning of youth with Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Use of an Observational Coding System with Families of Adolescents: Psychometric Properties among Pediatric and Healthy Populations

Objective: To examine reliability and validity data for the Family Interaction Macro-coding System (FIMS) with adolescents with spina bifida (SB), adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and healthy adolescents and their families.Methods: Sixty-eight families of children with SB, 58 families of adolescents with T1DM, and 68 families in a healthy comparison group completed family interaction tasks and self-report questionnaires. Trained coders rated family interactions using the FIMS.Results: Acceptable interrater and scale reliabilities were obtained for FIMS items and subscales. Observed FIMS parental acceptance, parental behavioral control, parental psychological control, family cohesion, and family conflict scores demonstrated convergent validity with conceptually similar self-report measures.Conclusions: Preliminary evidence supports the use of the FIMS with families of youths with SB and T1DM and healthy youths. Future research on overall family functioning may be enhanced by use of the FIMS

Two Mothers, One Grandmother: Intergenerational Ambivalence in Heterosexual Mother‑LBQ Daughter Relationships

Using the theoretical framing of structural ambivalence, which points to how competing cultural norms can cause conflict in family relationships, this paper asks: how does the transition to parenthood affect the intergenerational family relationship between LBQ adult women and their heterosexual mothers? Analyzing qualitative data from interviews with three adult child-parent dyads, we discuss how two cultural norms manifest in these relationships: pronatalism, or the privileging of procreation and heteronormativity, or the privileging of heterosexuality. In some ways, the intergenerational family relationship is strengthened as both LGB daughters and their heterosexual mothers express that the grandchild resulted in their becoming closer and developing a better understanding of one another. Yet the intergenerational family relationship is also strained as both members express that new conflicts arose within their relationship over issues such as how to refer to the donor or how to explain the LBQ-parent family to other family members. Mothers often felt put in an intermediary role between family members who did not approve of the LBQ parent’s sexuality and families. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to sexuality and family scholarship and changing LGBTQ family dynamics

Avaliação experimental da viabilidade de redução ou eliminação de fluido de corte no torneamento do aço microligado PL30

O PL30 é um aço microligado ao boro usado na fabricação de fixadores que requerem alta resistência mecânica. Devido a sua alta resistência à tração e baixo custo, o PL30 é comumente utilizado em edifícios, ferramentas, navios, automóveis, máquinas e eletrodomésticos. Essa demanda é atendida devido às boas propriedades mecânicas, de conformabilidade, ductilidade e temperabilidade. Os pivôs de suspensão produzidos por alguns fabricantes de peças automotivas são feitos através do torneamento do PL30 com fluido de corte em abundância. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a viabilidade da aplicação da usinagem a seco e com mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) neste processo. Foram analisados comparativamente o desgaste e a vida das ferramentas de corte, as forças de usinagem e a rugosidade das superfícies usinadas nas três situações (a seco, abundante e com MQL). Concluiu-se que o MQL obteve, em todos os parâmetros avaliados, os melhores resultados e é a melhor alternativa para usinagem do aço PL30.PL30 is a boron microalloyed steel used in fasteners that require high mechanical strength. Due to its high tensile strength and low cost, the PL30 is commonly used in buildings, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, and home appliances. These demands are met due to their excellent mechanical properties, conformability, ductility, and hardenability. The suspension pivots produced by some autoparts manufacturers are made by turning PL30 steel with cutting fluid in abundance. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of applying dry cutting and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in this process. Tool wear and tool life, machining forces, and surface roughness were comparatively analyzed under these three lubricooling conditions (dry, flood, and MQL). The conclusion was that MQL got the best results in all three conditions and is the best alternative for turning PL30

Evaluating survival of the crayfish Orconectes nais exposed to hypoxic winter conditions

Call number: LD2668 .T4 BIOL 1987 K52Master of ScienceBiolog