Bioactive Materials: A Short Review

In every field of dentistry and medicine, bioactive materials have been widely used. These materials are used for regeneration, repair, and reconstruction in the field of conservative dentistry and endodontics. These materials are used in different forms and composition and act directly on vital tissue, helping in its healing and repair. These materials directly function because of induction of various growth factors and different cells. This article summarizes the types and uses of bioactive materials

A New Framework for Quantum Oblivious Transfer

We present a new template for building oblivious transfer from quantum information that we call the ``fixed basis\u27\u27 framework. Our framework departs from prior work (eg., Crepeau and Kilian, FOCS \u2788) by fixing the correct choice of measurement basis used by each player, except for some hidden trap qubits that are intentionally measured in a conjugate basis. We instantiate this template in the quantum random oracle model (QROM) to obtain simple protocols that implement, with security against malicious adversaries: - Non-interactive random-input bit OT in a model where parties share EPR pairs a priori. - Two-round random-input bit OT without setup, obtained by showing that the protocol above remains secure even if the (potentially malicious) OT receiver sets up the EPR pairs. - Three-round chosen-input string OT from BB84 states without entanglement or setup. This improves upon natural variations of the CK88 template that require at least five rounds. Along the way, we develop technical tools that may be of independent interest. We prove that natural functions like XOR enable seedless randomness extraction from certain quantum sources of entropy. We also use idealized (i.e. extractable and equivocal) bit commitments, which we obtain by proving security of simple and efficient constructions in the QROM

Nonsteroidal Management of Accidental Extrusion of Sodium Hypochlorite beyond Apex

Sodium hypochlorite is often used as an intracanal irrigant in root canal treatment for removal of organic debris. It is also used for its ability to dissolve pulpal tissues, removal of organic debris from smear layer. Despite its safe properties, serious complications can result from inadvertent use. The present case report discusses the inadvertent effects and management of accidental extrusion of concentrated NaOCl and nonsteroidal management. Extrusion of NaOCl beyond the root canal can occur when there is iatrogenic widening of the apical foramen, lateral perforation, or wedging of the irrigating needle. Injudicious use of the irrigant should be avoided to prevent the NaOCl accidents. This report demonstrates destructive effect of concentrated NaOCl solution on soft tissues and subsequent management of the case

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Malignant Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of Pancreas- Case Report with Review of Literature

Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm (SPN) is a rare tumour with excellent prognosis seen predominantly in females. Patients usually remain asymptomatic or have vague symptoms like abdominal discomfort, pain, vomiting arising due to compression effect. Only a few cases with aggressive nature have been reported. Here we report a case of 25-years-old female who presented with abdominal mass of 15x15 cm arising from the pancreas. Following surgical resection, microscopic examination of mass revealed tumour composed of atypical cells arranged in sheets and pseudopapillae, showing high mitosis, necrotic foci, capsular and vascular invasion which is unusual form of presentation. Informed consent of patient was taken prior to procedure

Extensive trophoblastic differentiation in case of an endometrial carcinoma

Trophoblastic differentiation of endometrial carcinoma is extremely rare, till date 18 cases reports are there in the literature. A 68-year-old postmenopausal female presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Histopathologically, there were areas of serous carcinoma with trophoblastic differentiation (~90%). On immunohistochemistry, the trophoblastic component was positive for β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), HPL and EMA. IHC confirmed the diagnosis of serous carcinoma with trophoblastic differentiation. The clinicopathological features of 18 previously reported cases of trophoblastic differentiation in the uterine tumor were analyzed in addition to the present case

Broad Ligament Lipoleiomyoma Masses: Two curious cases masquerading as ovarian carcinomas

Lipoleiomyomas are an extremely rare form of uterine leiomyoma; moreover, the occurrence of this type of tumour on the broad ligament is even rarer. We report two cases of broad ligament lipoleiomyomas in 15- and 38-year-old female patients who presented to the Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Hospital in New Delhi, India, between 2016 and 2017. In both cases, the preoperative diagnosis was of a solid ovarian malignancy. Most broad ligament tumours are mistaken for ovarian masses as they are difficult to diagnose radiologically

Comparative analysis of flexural strength of four commercially available dental restorative materials

Background: The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the flexural strengths of four commercially available restorative materials. The restorative materials used in this study were - Posterior Glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji), Resin modified Glass ionomer cement (GC), Ketac molar (3M ESPE), Miracle mix (XP). Materials and Methods :- Four restorative material under study were divided into 4 groups with each group containing five specimens of 2 mm × 2 mm × 25 mm of restorative material prepared according to ISO 9917-2 standard &nbsp;using a customized metal mould. After light polymerization, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The specimens were subsequently blotted dry, measured and subjected to flexural testing using an Instron universal testing machine (Tinius Olsen) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min until the specimen fractured. Results: - Data collected was statistically analysed using Kruskal Walli’s Test and Chi Square test. The result showed that the mean flexural strength of Ketac Molar&gt; Miracle Mix &gt; RMGIC &gt; Posterior GIC. Conclusion: -The knowledge of mechanical properties of the various materials is important for the long-term clinical success of material.&nbsp