The value of radiological methods in diagnosis of dysmenorrhea of puberty

The scientific article "The Value of Radiological Methods in Diagnosis of Dysmenorrhea of Puberty" presents the results of studies using non-invasive diagnostic technologies: magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional ultrasonography with color Doppler blood flow imaging (CDI). The evaluation of the features of radiological indices in the patients with dysmenorrhea of functional and organic genesis of severe degree based on the study of the results of 3D ultrasound examination, MRI of small pelvic organs, as well as the state of uterine and endomyometrial blood flow to improve the algorithm of diagnostics has been carried out. A high percentage (51,11%) of the rate of detection of organic pathology in the patients with severe dysmenorrhea (anomalies of the uterus development in the form of bicornuate, saddle, septal, horned, leiomyoma of the uterus body, various forms of endometriosis, combination of leiomyoma and endometriosis of womb) has been stated. Revealed hemodynamic abnormality in the basins of the uterine arteries, the low degree of arterial vascularization of subendomyometrial layer and endometrium, high vascular resistance and rate reduction in blood flow were detected, which is more evident in the patients with functional dysmenorrhea. On the basis of comparative evaluation of informativeness of the research methods, expedience of their use has been substantiated

Fauna and ecology of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) from Wrangel Island Nature Reserve (Chukotka, Russia)

Original data on five Dolichopodidae species from the Wrangel Island resulted from the 2006 and 2015 surveys in the Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve are presented. Two sites in the northern variant of the typical tundra subzone in the central part of the Wrangel (i.e. the middle course of the River Mamontovaya and the upper reaches of the River Neizvestnaya) have been thoroughly studied by use of net sweeping (both seasons) and yellow pan traps (only 2015). In total, about 780 specimens have been sampled on the Wrangel Island. The yellow pan traps have gathered the most part of material, i.e. about 650 specimens. One of the collected species, Dolichopus humilis appears to be the only circum-arctic species of the group. Other species, Chrysotus komovi, Dolichopus terminasianae, Hydrophorus alpinus, and Rhamphium beringiense have mainly a hypoarctic distribution. The latter is the rarest species in the material obtained. It is suggested that the high abundance of dolichopodids during the 2015 survey is related to favourable summer weather conditions due to climate warming since the beginning of the 21st century. Chrysotus komovi and Dolichopus terminasianae are recorded for the first time from the Chukotka Autonomous District. Photographs of habitus and habitats for species recorded from the Wrangel Island are provided

Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Treatment

Aim. Description of risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment strategies of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in the course of antithrombotic therapy in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Key points. Risk factors of GIB during antithrombotic therapy in CHD patients include: GIB, gastric and/or duodenal ulcer in the history, reflux esophagitis, presence of H. pylori, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticula, haemorrhoids, angiodysplasia, gastrointestinal neoplasia, age above 65 years, concomitant treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/min, high doses of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) ≥3 in HAS-BLED score. Pathogenesis of GIB in the course of antithrombotic therapy is associated with systemic hypocoagulation and local damaging effects of these drugs. Strategies of GIB treatment during DOAC therapy in patients with CHD are determined by severity of bleeding and threat to life. Aside to standard conservative measures, endoscopic or surgical haemostasis requires usage of antidotes to suppress effects of DOACs and other specific drugs in severe cases.Conclusion. GIB associated with antithrombotic therapy in CHD patients poses a serious medical problem of growing importance with wider application of anticoagulant drugs. Antithrombotic therapy requires accurate decision making, risk assessment, careful monitoring of the patient’s condition and timely diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders following good rationale in GIB prevention

The laws about Virtual Museums in Russia: Museums Studies

Статья поступила в редакцию 15.01.2022 г.В статье характеризуются основные законодательные нормы функционирования виртуальных музеев в Российской Федерации на современном этапе. Авторы освещают проблемы музейного представительства в интернете, использования цифровых копий музейных предметов в Сети, их правовой статус, выявляют пробелы в сфере защиты интеллектуальной собственности и правового регулирования деятельности виртуальных музеев.Russian rules and policy concerning virtual museums and their activity are analyzed in the article. The authors revealed the current museums problems in the Internet, studied the possibilities of digital copies of museums’ artefacts application and their legal position. This article tends to favour the view that new forms of intellectual property protection are needed to adequately protect heritage in the Internet

Specific Cerebrovascular Risk Factors, Colon Microbiocenosis and its Correction in Patients Receiving Long-Term Programmed Hemodialysis

Introduction: The problem of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders in dialysis patients remains the most urgent. Risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases in CKD and dialysis patients can be conditionally divided into “traditional” (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia) and “specific” (associated with renal pathology and dialysis procedures). The spectrum of specific factors of cerebrovascular risk in patients with dialysis stage of the CKD includes specific dialysis factors that form during programmed HD, as well as impaired phosphorus-calcium metabolism and calcification of the arterial microvasculature, increased blood levels of β2-microglobulin, homocysteine, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase, a decrease in the level of nitric oxide (II) metabolites, development of nephrogenic anemia and dysfunction of blood cells, malnutrition and dietary features of patients with renal pathology, accumulation of uremic toxins and toxins of intestinal bacteria, etc. Opportunistic gut microorganisms can produce uremic toxins, which are associated with an increased risk of inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Description of the spectrum of risk factors for cerebrovascular pathology in dialysis patients and effective control over them seems to be an effective strategy aimed at increasing the duration and quality of life in patients receiving renal replacement therapy. The aim of the investigation was to study the species composition of colon microbiocenosis in patients with CKD receiving programmed HD treatment and to evaluate the effectiveness of its correction using a new immobilized synbiotic. Materials and methods: Samples of colon microbiota from 62 patients undergoing programmed hemodialysis were studied before and after a course of diet therapy that included probiotic components, in particular, the immobilized synbiotic LB-complex L. Isolation of microorganisms was carried out according to our original method; for bacteria identification, a MALDI-TOF Autoflex speed mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik, Germany) was used in the Biotyper program mode. The results were assessed using the criteria proposed by the authors and based on the OST 91500.11.0004-2003. The efficacy of the immobilized synbiotic was determined based on the clinical data, questionnaires, and bacteriological tests. Results: In patients receiving programmed hemodialysis (before the start of the diet therapy), chronic moderate inflammation and azotemia were found. Dysbiotic changes in microbiocenosis were revealed in all the examined patients; in the absence or suppression of lacto- and bifidoflora, the number and diversity of Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Collinsella spp., Eggerthella spp. and other bacteria increased, which was consistent with the theory of functional redundancy of gut microbiota. From the answers to the questionnaires, a decrease in the quality of life was found (up to 70 points out of 100) according to six of the eight scales used. After the combined therapy using the synbiotic LB-complex L in the study group, 56% of the examined patients showed their microbiocenosis restored to normal; no grade III dysbiosis was detected in any patient. There was a significant decrease in CRP and ESR in these patients and an improvement in the quality of life by criteria reflecting physical health. Conclusion: Acute/chronic CVD in patients with CKD of the pre-dialysis and dialysis periods are the most frequent and formidable complications. The spectrum of “traditional” and “specific” CV risk factors in dialysis patients will be described in the chapter. Special attention will be paid to the intestinal microbiota and opportunistic intestinal microorganisms. The aim was to study the species composition of colon microbiocenosis in HD patients, and to evaluate the effectiveness of its correction using a new immobilized synbiotic. Materials and Methods. Samples of colon microbiota from 62 HD patients were studied before/after a course of diet therapy that included probiotic components, the immobilized synbiotic LB-complex L. MALDI-TOF Autoflex speed mass spectrometer was used in the Biotyper program mode. The efficacy of the immobilized synbiotic was determined based on the clinical data, questionnaires, and bacteriological tests. Results. Dysbiotic changes in microbiocenosis were revealed in all patients; in the absence/suppression of lacto-and bifidoflora, the number and diversity of Bacteroides spp.,Clostridium spp.,Collinsella spp.,Eggerthella spp. and other bacteria increased. After the combined therapy using the synbiotic LB-complex L in the study group, 56% of the examined patients showed their microbiocenosis restored to normal; no grade III dysbiosis was detected in any patient

STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE MIXED WATER/SALT HOUSE DUST MITE ALLERGEN AIMING TO DESIGN ITS SUBLINGUAL FORM

Сurrent allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the most pathogenetically justified method of the IgE-dependent treatment of allergic diseases. Subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) AIT are currently used in wide clinical practice. Sublingual immunotherapy is characterized by the convenience of use, decreased incidence of systemic and local side effects, and proven clinical efficacy. However, sublingual form of home dust mite allergen for AIT is not yet produced in Russia. Previously, the technology for sublingual form of D. farinae (Der f) mites allergen was developed in our laboratory, and this extract was shown to be non-toxic and free of any significant side effects. We obtained a sublingual form of mixed D. pteronyssinus (Der р)/D. farina mites allergen for sublingually allergen-specific immunotherapy. We studied physico-chemical and immunobiological properties of the Der р and Der f mites phenol-free water-salt mixed extract (WWSME). WWSME was studied after sterilizing filtration. WWSME was analyzed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of dodecyl-sodium sulfate and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ELISA was performed with polyclonal rabbit serum, obtained by sensitization of animals with recombinant Der f1 and Der f2 allergens. ELISA shows positive reaction of WWSME with IgG-antibodies of rabbits. We studied acute and chronic toxicity of received mixed allergen in laboratory animals. Pathomorphological studies have shown that WWSME has no detectable toxicity and does not cause local irritation in the animals. The WWSME product contains native proteins, retains immunogenic properties, is non-toxic and does not cause significant side effects. This extract can be used as the basis for designing a sublingual form of dust mite mixed allergen, which is especially promising for pediatric applications

Становление нейтрального статуса государств на примере Австрии, Ирландии, Туркменистана и Швейцарии

During last 200 years different states have been choosing such foreign policy course as permanent neutrality. This status provides for a long-term abandonment of the participation in wars and military alliances, which can lead directly or indirectly to the participation of a state in an armed conflict. The task of this article is to analyze reasons to choose the neutral policy by the example of Switzerland, Ireland, Austria and Turkmenistan. There were different phases of history and different geopolitical environments when all these states decided on the permanent neutrality. However, the study proved that the common thing is that the permanent neutrality was always an efficient political tool for states happened to be at the interface between spheres of interests of leading states in the region. Also the permanent neutrality can be regarded as an opportunity for neutral countries seeking to weaken as far as it possible the political dependence on the states they have historical and geographical connections with.На протяжении последних 200 лет различные государства обращались к такому внешнеполитическому инструменту как постоянный нейтралитет, предусматривающему на долгосрочную перспективу отказ государства от участия в войнах, а также в военных союзах, которые могут прямо или косвенно сделать его участником вооруженного конфликта. Целью данной статьи является анализ причин, обуславливавших этот выбор, на примере таких государств как Швейцария, Ирландия, Австрия и Туркменистан. Все эти государства прибегали к нейтральному статусу в разные исторические периоды и в различных геополитических условиях. Тем не менее, как показало исследование, неким общим знаменателем является тот факт, что всякий раз институт постоянного нейтралитета был эффективным инструментом для государств, которые так или иначе оказывались на стыке сфер интересов ведущих держав их региона. Также постоянно нейтральный статус использовался как возможность определенного дистанцирования от государств, с которыми нейтральные страны были связаны исторически и географически, но стремились насколько это возможно ослабить политическую зависимость от них

Western European Intellectual Practices of a New Type in Russian Everyday Life at Early 18th Century (case of Feofan Prokopovich)

The focus of this study is the views of Feofan Prokopovich, a unique Orthodox thinker whose world outlook was shaped by an obvious influence of the ideas of the Protestant and Catholic Enlightenment. Talking about the Enlightenment, modern historiography focuses on the versatility of the phenomenon, preferring to talk about the Enlightenment, including the religious or confessional Enlightenment, aimed at rethinking the role of religion and the church. The Religious Enlightenment was a pan-European phenomenon that embraced Protestantism, Catholicism, Judaism, and Orthodoxy, and grew out of the desire to create an intelligent religion free of superstition and serving society. The intellectual movement of the religious Enlightenment sought to reconcile the natural philosophy of the 17th-18th centuries with a religious worldview, while trying to overcome the extremes of religious fanaticism, on the one hand, and nihilism and godlessness, on the other. The process of forming a new intellectual environment is marked by the coexistence and mutual influence of the most diverse, sometimes poorly compatible traditions, their transformation and modification. Comprehensively arguing the need for unlimited autocracy in Russia, Feofan Prokopovich, nevertheless, actively used the discourse of the Enlightenment in his writings, discussing the problem of the origin of the state, the mode of government, the boundaries of the power of the monarch, the rights and duties of subjects. On the example of Feofan Prokopovich, we can talk about the emergence and rooting of intellectual practices of a new type in Russian everyday life. The integration of Western European ideas and practices into Russian culture was ambiguous, multifaceted and depended on their adaptation to the socio-political space of Russia. Being well acquainted with the works of European authors of the 17th early 18th centuries, he rather took on the formal side of their discussions on socio-political topics, adapted a conceptual glossary that was new for the Russian educated public, which opened up opportunities for talking about politics in a new way

The value of radiological methods in diagnosis of dysmenorrhea of puberty

The scientific article "The Value of Radiological Methods in Diagnosis of Dysmenorrhea of Puberty" presents the results of studies using non-invasive diagnostic technologies: magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional ultrasonography with color Doppler blood flow imaging (CDI). The evaluation of the features of radiological indices in the patients with dysmenorrhea of functional and organic genesis of severe degree based on the study of the results of 3D ultrasound examination, MRI of small pelvic organs, as well as the state of uterine and endomyometrial blood flow to improve the algorithm of diagnostics has been carried out. A high percentage (51,11%) of the rate of detection of organic pathology in the patients with severe dysmenorrhea (anomalies of the uterus development in the form of bicornuate, saddle, septal, horned, leiomyoma of the uterus body, various forms of endometriosis, combination of leiomyoma and endometriosis of womb) has been stated. Revealed hemodynamic abnormality in the basins of the uterine arteries, the low degree of arterial vascularization of subendomyometrial layer and endometrium, high vascular resistance and rate reduction in blood flow were detected, which is more evident in the patients with functional dysmenorrhea. On the basis of comparative evaluation of informativeness of the research methods, expedience of their use has been substantiated