Designing a manufacturing cell system by assigning workforce

Purpose: In this paper, we have proposed a new model for designing a Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) for minimizing the costs regarding a limited number of cells to be formed by assigning workforce. Design/methodology/approach: Pursuing mathematical approach and because the problem is NP-Hard, two meta-heuristic methods of Simulated Annealing (SA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms have been used. A small randomly generated test problem with real-world dimensions has been solved using simulated annealing and particle swarm algorithms. Findings: The quality of the two algorithms has been compared. The results showed that PSO algorithm provides more satisfactory solutions than SA algorithm in designing a CMS under uncertainty demands regarding the workforce allocation. Originality/value: In the most of the previous research, cell production has been considered under certainty production or demand conditions, while in practice production and demand are in a dynamic situations and in the real settings, cell production problems require variables and active constraints for each different time periods to achieve better design, so modeling such a problem in dynamic structure leads to more complexity while getting more applicability. The contribution of this paper is providing a new model by considering dynamic production times and uncertainty demands in designing cells.Peer Reviewe

The Impact of Urban Elements on Creating a Sense of Social Solidarity

With regard to the interaction of environment and human, meaning transition occurs in a two-way relationship. Since correlation is a social issue which a number of people involved in that and it occurs within location, an effective relationship can be observed between the environment and social solidarity. This means that social solidarity can lead to the creation of places that are rooted in the social belief of people. Conversely, a place with these features can create a sense of social solidarity. This study investigates the impact of urban elements on social solidarity in a communicative process. Initially, the impact of urban symbols on memorabilia, then the relationship between memorabilia and identity and finally on the relationship between identity and social solidarity are studied. Therefore, through the existence of significant relationship among these elements, it can be proved that the urban elements can be effective in creating a sense of social solidarity. In this way, the descriptive and analytical method and library studies other sources are used to collect data

The Impact of Urban Elements on Creating a Sense of Social Solidarity

With regard to the interaction of environment and human, meaning transition occurs in a two-way relationship. Since correlation is a social issue which a number of people involved in that and it occurs within location, an effective relationship can be observed between the environment and social solidarity. This means that social solidarity can lead to the creation of places that are rooted in the social belief of people. Conversely, a place with these features can create a sense of social solidarity. This study investigates the impact of urban elements on social solidarity in a communicative process. Initially, the impact of urban symbols on memorabilia, then the relationship between memorabilia and identity and finally on the relationship between identity and social solidarity are studied. Therefore, through the existence of significant relationship among these elements, it can be proved that the urban elements can be effective in creating a sense of social solidarity. In this way, the descriptive and analytical method and library studies other sources are used to collect data

Worldwide prevalence of emerging parasite Blastocystis in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Blastocystis is one of the most common pathogens of the human intestine, caused by an emerging parasite, which can lead to severe symptoms and even death in immunocompromised patients. We aimed to determine the global prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in people with immunodeficiency. A systematic literature search was conducted on Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, Science Direct and MEDLINE databases to select all observational studies reporting the prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in Worldwide, based on different diagnostic methods in immunocompromised patients of any age and published from inception to February 2019. Pooled estimates and 95 confidence intervals (95 CIs) were calculated using random effects models and in addition, the I(2) statistic was calculated. The geographic distribution of studies was evaluated and the diagnosis of Blastocystis was compared by various techniques. Electronic databases were reviewed for Blastocystosis infection in HIV/AIDS, cancer and other immunocompromised patients, and meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the overall estimated prevalence. Total68 eligible studies were included. The estimated pooled prevalence rate of Blastocystosis infection in immunocompromised patients was overall 10 (95 CI, 7-13; I(2) 96.04) (P < 0.001), of whom 21 18-25 were in Australia, 12% 4-24 in America, 11% 6-17 in Europe and 10% 5-15, 7% 3-13 in Asia and Africa, respectively. It was calculated that the estimated pooled prevalence rate of Blastocystosis infection in immunocompromised patients was overall 10% and the prevalence estimates ranged from 0.44 to 72.39. Also, overall the prevalence of parasites co-infection in immunocompromised patients was detected as 0.024%. Our finding showed that immunocompromised people show a high prevalence of Blastocystosis infection compared to the control population. Adequate information on the prevalence rate is still missing from many countries. However, current information underscore that Blastocystis should not be neglected

Examining the Relationship between Corporate Governance and the Corporate Performance Valuation

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and valuation of the firm's performance in Iran. After designing performance evaluation indexes, information of transactions made during the five-year study from 2011 to 2015 from the Stock Exchange were collected and the sample consists of 129 companies was selected by systematic elimination that was a total of 645 year-firm. In this study we used the linear regression and correlation for testing the research hypotheses, and Eviews software for analysing the data and testing hypotheses. What can be said in summary and conclusion of research hypotheses test is that, there are a significant and positive relationship between the intensity of supervision, the stock in the hands of the board, executive's changes and board size with the company's performance; in addition, we found a significant and negative relation between firm size and financial leverage with the company's performance. The other results showed no significant and positive relationship between the number of board meetings and the firm's performance; the results in this study corresponded to the documentation mentioned in the theoretical framework and financial literature.</span

Designing a manufacturing cell system by assigning workforce

Purpose: In this paper, we have proposed a new model for designing a Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) for minimizing the costs regarding a limited number of cells to be formed by assigning workforce. Design/methodology/approach: Pursuing mathematical approach and because the problem is NP-Hard, two meta-heuristic methods of Simulated Annealing (SA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms have been used. A small randomly generated test problem with real-world dimensions has been solved using simulated annealing and particle swarm algorithms. Findings: The quality of the two algorithms has been compared. The results showed that PSO algorithm provides more satisfactory solutions than SA algorithm in designing a CMS under uncertainty demands regarding the workforce allocation. Originality/value: In the most of the previous research, cell production has been considered under certainty production or demand conditions, while in practice production and demand are in a dynamic situations and in the real settings, cell production problems require variables and active constraints for each different time periods to achieve better design, so modeling such a problem in dynamic structure leads to more complexity while getting more applicability. The contribution of this paper is providing a new model by considering dynamic production times and uncertainty demands in designing cells.Peer Reviewe

Identification of Aspergillus species using a single restriction enzyme MwoI in RFLP method based on the amplification of rDNA gene.

Background: Aspergillus species are occasionally associated with human infections. It is essential to find a rapid and reliable method to identify these fungi and can be useful for screening the disease and also epidemiological aims. Materials and Methods: Our subjects included Aspergillus species isolated from clinical and environmental sources of four Iranian educational hospitals. Aspergilli were primarily identified using morphological methods in the level of species. Aspergillus mycelia were harvested from sabouraud broth media and the used for the DNA extraction by Glass beads-Phenol Chloroform method. Ribosomal DNA gene was amplified using the universal primers of ITS. The resulted PCR products were subjected to a digestion with a novel restriction enzyme, MwoI in RFLP method. Results: We could identify eight important species of Aspergillus including: A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. clavatus, A. nidulans, A. ochraceus, A. amsteloidami using tested molecular method. The identification of Aspergillus species was carried out using a protocol including, extraction, PCR and RFLP in a short time 36 hour culture . Conclusion: The method of the PCR-RFLP based on ribosomal DNA gene with the novel restriction enzyme, MwoI enabled us to identify the most medically important Aspergillus species in a short time