The phonological heritage of the scientists of the XX century: a linguistic and historiographical review

A great attention is paid to the linguistic-historiographic analysis of the works of the Moscow, Prague and Saint Petersburg phonological schools’ representatives, which were dedicated to the problem of the language phonemic syste

Expression of rice OsMyb4 transcription factor improves tolerance to copper or zinc in canola plants.

The effects of copper and zinc salts on transgenic canola plants expressing rice transcription factor (TF) OsMYB4 were investigated. Transgenic plants (TPs), which showed a high OsMyb4 expression in response to either Cu or to Zn excess, were used for the current study. In leaves of TPs, the content of Cu was equal and the content of Zn was significantly higher than in non-transformed plants (NTPs). The TPs grown on an extremely high concentration of heavy metals (HMs; 150 mu De CuSO4 or 5 000 mu De ZnSO4) were able to survive for more than 15 d, while NTPs died after 7 - 9 d of incubation. This indicates that expression of OsMyb4 in canola plants improved their HM tolerance. The TPs tolerance to HMs was confirmed by a higher shoot biomass than that in NTPs. Excess of HMs caused oxidative stress (indicated by increase in malondialdehyde content) especially in leaves of NTPs. This data suggests a protective role of the OsMyb4 TF in oxidative stress. The HMs caused a lower decrease in activities of superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase in TPs than in NTPs. Higher tolerance of TPs to HMs was also suggested by a considerable increase in the content of low-molecular phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and anthocyanins, as well as proline (a potential antioxidant and chaperone). These data suggest that OsMYB4 may play a role as a positive regulator of phenylpropanoid pathway and proline synthesis. The created canola OsMyb4 TPs may be useful for future applications in phytoremediation of HM-polluted soils

Thyroid cancer risk in Belarus among children and adolescents exposed to radioiodine after the Chornobyl accident

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed an increased risk of thyroid cancer among children and adolescents exposed to radioactive iodines released after the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) accident, but the effects of screening, iodine deficiency, age at exposure and other factors on the dose-response are poorly understood. METHODS: We screened 11 970 individuals in Belarus aged 18 years or younger at the time of the accident who had estimated (131)I thyroid doses based on individual thyroid activity measurements and dosimetric data from questionnaires. The excess odds ratio per gray (EOR/Gy) was modelled using linear and linear-exponential functions. RESULTS: For thyroid doses \u3c5 \u3eGy, the dose-response was linear (n=85; EOR/Gy=2.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.81-5.47), but at higher doses the excess risk fell. The EOR/Gy was significantly increased among those with prior or screening-detected diffuse goiter, and larger for men than women, and for persons exposed before age 5 than those exposed between 5 and 18 years, although not statistically significant. A somewhat higher EOR/Gy was estimated for validated pre-screening cases. CONCLUSION: 10-15 years after the Chornobyl accident, thyroid cancer risk was significantly increased among individuals exposed to fallout as children or adolescents, but the risk appeared to be lower than in other Chornobyl studies and studies of childhood external irradiation

ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations

Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. For this reason, keeping up to date with the literature is often difficult. This paper is a five year update of the sports nutrition review article published as the lead paper to launch the JISSN in 2004 and presents a well-referenced overview of the current state of the science related to how to optimize training and athletic performance through nutrition. More specifically, this paper provides an overview of: 1.) The definitional category of ergogenic aids and dietary supplements; 2.) How dietary supplements are legally regulated; 3.) How to evaluate the scientific merit of nutritional supplements; 4.) General nutritional strategies to optimize performance and enhance recovery; and, 5.) An overview of our current understanding of the ergogenic value of nutrition and dietary supplementation in regards to weight gain, weight loss, and performance enhancement. Our hope is that ISSN members and individuals interested in sports nutrition find this review useful in their daily practice and consultation with their clients

GOAT MILK INFANT FORMULA: ARE THERE BENEFITS?

The authors raise the question of the role of goat milk in the nutrition of infants. The properties of goat milk and its difference from cow milk are discussed. Indications for goat milk infant formula are defined. The authors demonstrate examples  of administration of goat milk formula from their own practice

The phonological heritage of the scientists of the XX century: a linguistic and historiographical review

A great attention is paid to the linguistic-historiographic analysis of the works of the Moscow, Prague and Saint Petersburg phonological schools’ representatives, which were dedicated to the problem of the language phonemic syste

Three-year monitoring of the reproductive behavior of adolescent girls

In the article, the authors raise the issue of protection of the reproductive health of adolescent girls. 50 adolescent girls, who studied in the technical and humanitarian classes of the secondary general school in Vladimir, were enrolled in the study. They had participated in the anonymous questionnaire survey for 3 years. It was found that the majority of adolescent girls had a low level of knowledge on reproductive health, as well as altered sexual behaviour (attitude toward the family, motherhood, childbirth, abortion, marriage), moreover the indicators on these issues deteriorated with the passage of time. The religious schoolgirls from families with two or more children showed the «highest» reproductive attitudes; they were negative about abortion

NUTRITION OF A HEALTHY CHILD DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE: IS IT ALL EVIDENT AND DO WE KNOW IT ALL?

The authors raise the question of the role of goat milk in the nutrition of infants. The properties of goat milk and its difference from cow milk are discussed. The authors share experience in the prescription of goat milk formula, give examples from their own practic

Can the physiological process of teething in babies be abnormal?

The article discusses the problem of teething in babies, the related mechanisms and factors. The research findings demonstrate the importance of different clinical symptoms of teething in infants, the relationship of the process with the baby's body type. Questions of the current therapy of pathological teething are considered

Statistical analysis of sizing features of dust generated under the mechanical metal-working

Introduction. The paper considers the mathematical analysis of the fractional composition of dust generated during the operation of the rail-cutting machine. It is established that the studied polydisperse material is well described by the one-parameter exponential distribution. At the same time, the lognormal particle size distribution, whose parameters are determined by mathematical programming methods, seems adequate for the purposes of calculating cyclones. The work objective was to develop mathematical methods for correct averaging of the size and mass parameters of dust under the solid metal machining.Materials and Methods. We studied the possibility of approximating experimental data by Rosin – Rammler distributions (classical, generalized three-parameter P(x, D, n, m), and simplified exponential P(x), in which n = 1). The corresponding results were compared to each other and to the data of approximation of the lognormal and double lognormal functions. These results indicate close approximation quality using the following model distributions P(x):• five-parameter double lognormal;• three-parameter type of Rosin-Rammler;• two-parameter classical Rosin - Rammler;• one-parameter exponential.Results. The primary physical analysis of cutting waste was carried out by the laboratory measuring complex Fritsch Analysette 22 Compact which uses the LALLS – low angle laser scattering method. The built-in software provides output of measurement results in primary graphic and digital forms. It was found that the simplest exponential distribution is best suited for a detailed analysis of the dust particle-size distribution based on the experimental data.This distribution enables reproduction of all the integral indicators provided by the instrumental measuring complex along with the graphical data.Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained can be used to rationalize the local suction machine, and the mathematical models and algorithms can be used for the parametric analysis of any dust captured by cyclones