A Poet Builds a Nation: Hafez as a Catalyst in Emerson’s Process of Developing American Literature

Numerous studies have tried to elucidate the relationship between Emerson and Hafez. While most of these studies laid emphasis on influence of Hafez on Emerson and others on similarity and/or infatuation, they left untouched some vital historical aspects of this relationship. Taking into consideration the political and literary discourses of Emerson‘s America may illuminate the issue. America‘s attempt to gain independence from Britain, Emerson‘s resolution to establish an American literary tradition, his break with the European fathers to establish that identity, his open-mindedness in receiving non-European cultures and the correspondence between Emerson‘s transcendentalism and Hafez‘s mysticism led to Hafez‘s reception by Emerson

Addressing the complexities of managing domestic and multinational corporate brands

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the differences between managing domestic corporate brands (DCBs) and multinational corporate brands (MCBs), and presents a framework highlighting six types of complexity associated with managing both forms of corporate brands in an international business context. Design/methodology/approach – This paper proposes a framework addressing six types of complexity involved in managing DCBs and MCBs drawing on the literature related to corporate branding, corporate brands, and domestic and multinational corporations. The six types of complexity examined include: strategic role, organisational structure, culture, knowledge, positioning and extended responsibility. Findings – The research identifies that DCBs have a lower degree of complexity in regard to strategic role, knowledge and positioning, but have a higher level in regard to organisational structure, cultural and extended responsibility complexity. MCBs face more complexity than DCBs across all dimensions because they operate across business environments and need to coordinate activities while adapting to environmental differences. Practical implications – The findings highlight the importance of environmental complexity for firms managing brands globally. The issues of complexity identified in this paper need to be understood if firms are to effectively build and manage their corporate brands within and across markets. Originality/value – The paper highlights the concepts of DCBs and MCBs, and identifies the factors that contribute to the complexity of managing these two types of corporate brands domestically and internationally

A Comparative Study on Rotary Mtwo Versus Passive Step Back of Hand K-File in Preparation of Extracted Curved Root Canals

INTRODUCTION: The preparation of the root canal space includes debridement, shaping and apical preparation. These procedures are challenging and constitute. The recent introduction of automated techniques for canal preparation has created considerable interest. The aim of this study was to test shaping ability of one hand instrumentation (passive step-back technique) and new rotary NiTi system (Mtwo instrumentation) in curved root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 40 curved molars selected for this in vitro study, 20 canals for each group. The mean of canal curvature in studied groups was similar. After preparation of access cavity, samples were divided into two groups. A custom made block was used for standardization of radiograph beam angel before and after preparation. In group 1, samples instrumented with passive step-back technique using stainless steel K-file, Gates Glidden and Pesso reamers. Mtwo NiTi rotary file and Endo IT power driven motor were used for instrumentation of samples in group 2. Transportation of canals curvature (loss of primary curvature) after canal preparation was assessed for each sample with the aid of AutoCAD 2007 software. Stereomicroscope provided data for measurement of changes in working length after canal preparation. RESULTS: The mean of changes in canals curvature (canal transportation) and mean of working length changes in group 1 (passive step-back technique) were 11.77 degree and 0.202 mm (P<0.001) and in group 2 (rotary Mtwo) were 5.58 degree and 0.202 mm (P<0.001). According to the present results, the original canal curvature was maintained significantly better with automated Mtwo files than with hand instrumentation. CONCLUSION: These can be hypothesized that the instrumentation with Mtwo NiTi rotary file preserves the canal curvature adequately

A Comparison of Apical Transportation in Severely Curved Canals Induced by Reciproc and BioRaCe Systems

Introduction: Preserving the apical root structure during cleaning and shaping of the canal has always been a challenge in endodontics particularly when the root canals are curved. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the apical transportation induced by the Reciproc and BioRaCe rotary systems in preparing the mesiobuccal root canal of the human maxillary molars. Materials and Methods: The mesiobuccal canals of sixty extracted maxillary molars with curvature angle of 25-35˚ were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Each canal was prepared by either Reciproc or BioRaCe rotary systems. A double-digital radiographic technique and AutoCAD software were used to compare the apical transportation at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm distances from the working length (WL). The distance between the master apical rotary file and the initial K-file in the superimposed radiographs determined the amount of apical transportation. An independent t-test was used to compare the groups. The statistical significant level was set at 0.05. Results: Apical transportation of the Reciproc group was significantly greater than the BioRaCe group in all distances (P<0.001). The maximum apical transportation occurred in the Reciproc group at 0.5 mm from the WL (0.048±0.0028 mm) and the minimum occurred for BioRaCe at 5 mm from the WL (0.010±0.0005 mm). Conclusions: The Reciproc system produced significantly more apical transportation than the BioRaCe, but this fact does not seem to negatively alter the clinical success or quality of root canal treatment

A Comparative Study of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Canola Production

I n this research, the energy flow and production energy indices of canola cultivation in Trakya province of Turkey, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces of Iran were compared. Diesel fuel and chemical fertilizer inputs were the highest consumer of energy in the production of canola in these three regions. The results indicated that despite the higher energy use of machinery in Trakya province of Turkey, the energy use of diesel fuel in this province is less than the energy consumed in the two northern provinces of Iran, which could be due to available old machines for the production of canola in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Total greenhouse gas emissions of canola production for these regions were computed 562.85, 652.86 and 887.30 kgCO 2eq ha-1, respectively. The inputs of chemical fertilizer and diesel fuel in canola production produced the highest percentage of gas emissions in these three areas. Energy consumption for potential feedstock production for one kg production of biodiesel fuel in these provinces was calculated as 14.76, 20.66 and 37.77 MJ, respectively. The amounts of greenhouse gas emissions for potential feedstock production for one kg production of biodiesel were obtained 0.45, 0.76 and 1.17 kgCO 2eq for Trakya, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, respectively

A Comparative Study of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Canola Production

I n this research, the energy flow and production energy indices of canola cultivation in Trakya province of Turkey, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces of Iran were compared. Diesel fuel and chemical fertilizer inputs were the highest consumer of energy in the production of canola in these three regions. The results indicated that despite the higher energy use of machinery in Trakya province of Turkey, the energy use of diesel fuel in this province is less than the energy consumed in the two northern provinces of Iran, which could be due to available old machines for the production of canola in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Total greenhouse gas emissions of canola production for these regions were computed 562.85, 652.86 and 887.30 kgCO2eq ha -1 , respectively. The inputs of chemical fertilizer and diesel fuel in canola production produced the highest percentage of gas emissions in these three areas. Energy consumption for potential feedstock production for one kg production of biodiesel fuel in these provinces was calculated as 14.76, 20.66 and 37.77 MJ, respectively. The amounts of greenhouse gas emissions for potential feedstock production for one kg production of biodiesel were obtained 0.45, 0.76 and 1.17 kgCO2eq for Trakya, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, respectively. Abstract International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development (IJAMAD

The Mediating Role of Career Motivation in the Relationship between Stress Coping Strategies and Social-Emotional Competence in Primary Teachers

This research was conducted with the aim of mediating the role of job motivation in the relationship between stress coping strategies and social-emotional competence in primary teachers. The cross-sectional research method is correlational. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all the teachers who were teaching in the elementary school of Tehran in 1400-1401, and among them, 350 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In this research, tools of coping strategies (Lazarus and Folkman, 1985), job motivation (Robinson, 2004) and social-emotional competence (Boyatzis, 2007) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V7.8 software were used. In order to respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. The research findings showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that strategies to deal with stress have a direct effect on teachers' social-emotional competencies (p<0.05). Strategies to deal with stress have an indirect effect on primary teachers' job motivation (p<0.05). Career motivation has an indirect effect on social-emotional competencies of elementary teachers (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that the indirect effect of stress coping strategies with social-emotional competencies through the mediation of job motivation in primary teachers was confirmed with 95% confidence. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps researchers and therapists in prevention and designing more suitable treatments.Key words: social-emotional competence, strategies to deal with stress, job motivatio