Dispersion of Rayleigh, Scholte, Stoneley and Love waves in a model consisting of a liquid layer overlying a two-layer transversely isotropic solid medium

The dispersion of interface waves is studied theoretically in a model consisting of a liquid layer of finite thickness overlying a transversely isotropic solid layer which is itself underlain by a transversely isotropic solid of dissimilar elastic properties. The method of potential functions and Hankel transformation was utilized to solve the equations of motion. Two frequency equations were developed: one for Love waves and the other for the remaining surface and interface waves. Numerical group and phase velocity dispersion curves were computed for four different classes of model, in which the substratum is stiffer or weaker than the overlying layer, and for various thickness combinations of the layers. Dispersion curves are presented for generalized Rayleigh, Scholte, Stoneley and Love waves, each of which are possible in all proposed models. They show the dependence of the velocity on layer thicknesses and material properties (elastic constants). Special cases involving zero thickness for the water layer or the solid layer, and/or isotropic material properties for the solid exhibit interesting features and agree favourably with previously published results for these simpler cases, thus validating the new formulatio

A Grounded Theory of Attitudes toward Marriage: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Given the space literature on explaining how the attitudes toward marriage are formed in Iran, this study aimed to explain the formation process of attitude toward marriage in Iranian married students. Method: This was a qualitative study of the grounded theory type in the academic year of 2014-2015. The sample consisted of 18 married students in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran, chosen through purposive sampling. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. Data analysis was carried out using Strauss and Corbin’s three-step coding model (open, axial, selective). Results: The "relative change in attitudes toward marriage" was central class of paradigmatic pattern. The classes of sociocultural factors, early experiences, and observation of incomplete patterns were the causal conditions in this pattern. Three classes of awareness of and understanding each other, material and spiritual support, and realizing the sanctity of marriage were the intervening conditions. Pressures for marriage, interference of parents, intergenerational transmission, as well as economic factors were regarded as contextual conditions. Coping strategies proportional to attitudes were identified as interactive actions. Perceived personal development and willingness in marriage, ambivalence toward deciding to marry, and increase in the age of marriage were provided as the consequences of this paradigmatic pattern. Conclusion: According to paradigmatic pattern, changing attitudes towards marriage is a fundamental factor in encouraging young people to marry, which can be implemented through a systematic approach. According to this approach, promoting successful patterns of marriage in society, moral and material support by parents, teaching coping strategies commensurate with the challenges of marriage, increasing marriage preparation skills, and government support in forming counseling units run by professional family psychologists and counselors are recommended. Keywords: Grounded theory, Attitude toward marriage, Qualitative stud

Complications in Esthetic Surgery

Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is a remarkably diverse specialty, ranging from maxillofacial trauma and reconstruction to facial rejuvenation, rhinoplasty, cleft surgery, microvascular surgery, facial cosmetic procedures, and pain control. It is unique among surgical specialties due to changing trends, racial, and regional ethnic preferences that influence what is considered an esthetic result

Emulating the Human Mind: A Neural-symbolic Link Prediction Model with Fast and Slow Reasoning and Filtered Rules

Link prediction is an important task in addressing the incompleteness problem of knowledge graphs (KG). Previous link prediction models suffer from issues related to either performance or explanatory capability. Furthermore, models that are capable of generating explanations, often struggle with erroneous paths or reasoning leading to the correct answer. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel Neural-Symbolic model named FaSt-FLiP (stands for Fast and Slow Thinking with Filtered rules for Link Prediction task), inspired by two distinct aspects of human cognition: "commonsense reasoning" and "thinking, fast and slow." Our objective is to combine a logical and neural model for enhanced link prediction. To tackle the challenge of dealing with incorrect paths or rules generated by the logical model, we propose a semi-supervised method to convert rules into sentences. These sentences are then subjected to assessment and removal of incorrect rules using an NLI (Natural Language Inference) model. Our approach to combining logical and neural models involves first obtaining answers from both the logical and neural models. These answers are subsequently unified using an Inference Engine module, which has been realized through both algorithmic implementation and a novel neural model architecture. To validate the efficacy of our model, we conducted a series of experiments. The results demonstrate the superior performance of our model in both link prediction metrics and the generation of more reliable explanations

Explaining the Status and Function of the Anti-Discourse in the Historical Novel Damgostaran or Enteghamkhahan-e Mazdak

Studies on historical novels due to not paying attention to the origin of the text and parallel discourses consider the historical novel as the nostalgic return of Iranian society to the myth of the Golden Age and it has been explained with macro-narratives and concepts such as nationalism. This article has been done based on Damgostran and by the method of qualitative content analysis in the context of the application of critical discourse analysis. So by analyzing Damgostaran on several levels, another reading of this genre has been presented. In this research, based on the above story, the central meanings of the work have been identified as an independent text and these meanings have been transferred to the original context in order to determine the originality of the meaning in that context. After tracing this meaning in a historical course, it returned to the era of the creation of the work, and this time the transformed meaning has been evaluated in a new context and an intertextual-interdiscursive relationship. Finally, the relationship between the text and the prevailing discourses is explained. The result of Damgostran's study is that this is not a conservative work. Rather, it belongs to the most radical discourses of the author's time. In this reading, a seemingly mundane work and a dead story, along with other homogenous components, form a discourse that is more than anything else a cry of protest against the consolidation and expansion of the global capitalist system that at the end of the 19th century slowly spread the shadow of injustice and inequality on the thin body of the new world

MOLECULAR SURVEILLANCE OF Plasmodium vivax AND Plasmodium falciparum DHFR MUTATIONS IN ISOLATES FROM SOUTHERN IRAN

In Iran, both Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum malaria have been detected, but P. vivax is the predominant species. Point mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene in both Plasmodia are the major mechanisms of pyrimethamine resistance. From April 2007 to June 2009, a total of 134 blood samples in two endemic areas of southern Iran were collected from patients infected with P. vivax and P. falciparum. The isolates were analyzed for P. vivax dihydrofolate reductase (pvdhfr) and P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) point mutations using various PCR-based methods. The majority of the isolates (72.9%) had wild type amino acids at five codons of pvdhfr. Amongst mutant isolates, the most common pvdhfr alleles were double mutant in 58 and 117 amino acids (58R-117N). Triple mutation in 57, 58, and 117 amino acids (57L/58R/117N) was identified for the first time in the pvdhfr gene of Iranian P. vivax isolates. All the P. falciparumsamples analyzed (n = 16) possessed a double mutant pfdhfrallele (59R/108N) and retained a wild-type mutation at position 51. This may be attributed to the fact that the falciparum malaria patients were treated using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in Iran. The presence of mutant haplotypes in P. vivax is worrying, but has not yet reached an alarming threshold regarding drugs such as SP. The results of this study reinforce the importance of performing a molecular surveillance by means of a continuous chemoresistance assessment