The relationship between five-factor model and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder-fifth edition personality traits on patients with antisocial personality disorder

Background: Despite the fact that new criteria of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fi fth edition (DSM-5) were resulted from fi ve-factor model (FFM), there is a small amount of studies that investigate the relations between proposed personality traits and FFM. Also, cross-cultural study in this fi eld continuously would be needed. Th e aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between the FFM and DSM-5 ASPD pathological traits. Materials and Methods: Th is study was a crosssectional study design. Th e participants consisted of 122 individuals with ASPD that selected from prisoners (73.0), outpatients (18.0), and inpatients (9.0). Th ey were recruited from Tehran Prisoners, and Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry Clinics of Razi and Taleghani Hospitals, Tehran, Iran, since 2013-2014. Th e Sample was selected based on judgmental sampling. Th e structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II disorders-Personality Questionnaire, NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised, and DSM-5 personality trait rating form were used to diagnosis and assessment of personality disorder. Pearson correlation has been used for data analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 16 software. Results: Th e results indicate that neuroticism (N) has positive signifi cant relationship with hostility (r = 0.33, P < 0.01), manipulativeness (r = 0.25, P < 0.01), deceitfulness (r =.23, P < 0.01), impulsivity (r = 0.20, P < 0.05), and negative relation with risk taking (r = �0.23, P < 0.01). Also, there was signifi cant relationship between extraversion (E) with manipulativeness (r = 0.28, P < 0.01) and deceitfulness (r = 0.32, P < 0.01). Agreeableness and conscientiousness have negative signifi cant relation with DSM-5 traits. In addition, results showed that there is positive signifi cant relationship between FFM and DSM-5 personality traits with DSM-fourth edition-text revision (DSM-IV-TR) ASPD symptoms (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Except manipulativeness, deceitfulness, and callousness, there is positively signifi cant relationship between DSM-5 ASPD traits and DSM-IV-TR ASPD symptoms. Th e present study helps to understand the adequacy of dimensional approach to evaluation of ASPD pathology, specifi cally on Iranian sample. © 2015 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Effect of inbreeding on intellectual disability revisited by trio sequencing

In outbred Western populations, most individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are sporadic cases, dominant de novo mutations (DNM) are frequent, and autosomal recessive ID (ARID) is very rare. Due to the high rate of parental consanguinity which raises the risk for ARID and other recessive disorders, the prevalence of ID is significantly higher in Near- and Middle-East countries. Indeed, homozygosity mapping and sequencing in consanguineous families have already identified a plethora of ARID genes, but due to the design of these studies, DNMs could not be systematically assessed, and the proportion of cases that are potentially preventable by avoiding consanguineous marriages or through carrier testing is hitherto unknown. This prompted us to perform whole exome sequencing in 100 sporadic ID patients from Iran and their healthy consanguineous parents. In 61 patients, we identified apparently causative changes in known ID genes. Of these, 44 were homozygous recessive and 17 dominant de novo mutations. Assuming that the DNM rate is stable, these results suggest that parental consanguinity raises the ID risk about 3.6-fold, and about 4.1-4.25-fold for children of first-cousin unions. These results do not rhyme with recent opinions that consanguinity-related health risks are generally small and have been 'overstated' in the past. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved