Significados conotativos do grupo lexico-semantica «eye» nas línguas de inglês e tatar

The paper is aimed at theoretical treatment and practical description of the relationship between language and culture represented by national and cultural connotations. Studying national and cultural connotations leads to the indication of culturally significant information which is one of the criteria for defining the language acquisition level and a desirable advantage in cross-cultural communication. This paper is the first attempt to carry out an in-depth research into the lexical-semantic groups of the English "eye" and the Tatar "kuz", defining the connotative meanings of the lexical units and revealing the counterparts in the given groups. The method of comparative analysis allowed us to determine proximity and distance in anthropological, cognitive, associative, emotional and evaluative backgrounds of these languages. The paper’s findings may be useful for researchers who deal with contrastive and cognitive linguistics, typology of non-related languages, lexicography and may help those who study English as a foreign language.El trabajo tiene como objetivo el tratamiento teórico y la descripción práctica de la relación del lenguaje y la cultura representada por connotaciones nacionales y culturales. Estudiar las connotaciones nacionales y culturales lleva a la indicación de información culturalmente significativa que es uno de los criterios para definir el nivel de adquisición del idioma y una ventaja deseable en la comunicación intercultural. El documento es el primer intento de llevar a cabo una investigación en profundidad sobre los grupos lexico-semánticos del "ojo" inglés y el "kuz" tártaro, definir los significados connotativos de las unidades léxicas, revelar las contrapartidas en los grupos dados. El método de análisis comparativo nos permitió determinar la proximidad y la distancia en los antecedentes antropológicos, cognitivos, asociativos, emocionales y evaluativos de estos lenguajes. Los hallazgos en el documento pueden ser útiles para los investigadores que se ocupan de la lingüística cognitiva y contrastante, la tipología de lenguajes no relacionados, la lexicografía y pueden ayudar a quienes estudian inglés como lengua extranjera.O artigo visa o tratamento teórico e a descrição prática da relação entre língua e cultura representada por conotações nacionais e culturais. Estudar conotações nacionais e culturais leva à indicação de informações culturalmente significativas, que é um dos critérios para definir o nível de aquisição de linguagem e uma vantagem desejável na comunicação intercultural. O artigo é a primeira tentativa de realizar uma pesquisa aprofundada sobre os grupos léxico-semânticos do "olho" inglês e o "kuz" tártaro, que definem os significados conotativos das unidades lexicais, revelando as contrapartes nos grupos dados. O método de análise comparativa permitiu determinar a proximidade e a distância em contextos antropológicos, cognitivos, associativos, emocionais e avaliativos dessas línguas. As descobertas do artigo podem ser úteis para pesquisadores que lidam com linguística contrastiva e cognitiva, tipologia de línguas não-relacionadas, lexicografia e podem ajudar aqueles que estudam inglês como língua estrangeira

Liquid vorticity computation in non-spherical bubble dynamics

The purpose of this work is to compare efficiency of a number of numerical techniques of computation of liquid vorticity from non-spherical bubble oscillations. The techniques based on the finite-difference method (FDM), the collocation method (one with differentiating (CMd) the integral boundary condition and another without it (CM)) and the Galerkin method (GM) have been considered. The central-difference approximations are used in FDM. Sinus functions are chosen as the basis in GM. Problems of decaying a small distortion of the spherical shape of a bubble and dynamics of a bubble under harmonic liquid pressure variation with various parameters are used for comparison. The FDM technique has been found to be most efficient in all the cases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Comparative analysis of semantic distinctions between synonymous adjectives in Tatar and English

Many linguistic researches are devoted to the issues of defining the valid criteria of emergence and preservation of semantically synonymous relations between words, the conditions of their system-based organization in a synonymic row. The aim of the paper is to indicate and analyze the types of semantic distinctions between synonymous adjectives in Tatar and English, thus determine features common for the two non-related languages. Based on the broad review of the theoretical data it is stated in the paper that a synonymic row represents a specific type of word relations based on the sameness/ similarity of meaning and distinction. The distinctions which bear semantic, expressive and stylistic nuances, that serve to preserve gradation inside a synonymic row, are called shades of meaning. The comparative analysis of the examined data let us identify types of semantic distinctions in gradation, motivating circumstances, duration and frequency, nature of outward expression of the quality, range of described objects, semantic associations, evaluative attitude, logical emphasis, emotional coloring. We believe the paper findings may be useful for researchers who deal with contrastive linguistics, typology of non-related languages, lexicographic practice and may help those who study the English language to solve the difficulty of choosing the appropriate word in the communication discourse.peer-reviewe

MEANING AND PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING OF DISCIPLINES FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE

The article discusses the possibilities of using information technology as an integrated learning tool that can have a profound effect on the way of the knowledge processing, the content of training and the relationship between disciplines, on the functions of a teacher and the organization of work of a higher educational institution.В статье рассматриваются возможности использования информационных технологий как интегрированного средства обучения, которые могут оказать глубокое воздействие на способ усвоения знаний, содержание обучения и взаимосвязь между дисциплинами, на функции преподавателя и организацию работы высшего образовательного учреждения

The principles of selecting and structuring the syllabus of foreign language teaching aimed at developing the students research competence

© 2015, Review of European Studies. All right reserved. The essence of the development of the students research competence in the process of learning a foreign language is to acquire knowledge, skills and work methods allowing students to take the position of a researcher capable both to carry out and present the results of the research in the international language that contributes to unlocking their full intellectual potential in the future professional activity. The methodological basis for solving this problem has become the modular competence-forming, research and integrative approaches. According to these approaches the article discusses the nature and the content of the principles of selection and structuring the syllabus of foreign language teaching aimed at creating the students research competence: the principle of integration, the principle of poly-logic cognition, a problematic principle, the principle of concentrism and the principle of mediation activities by means of learning a foreign language. The article submissions present both theoretical and practical value for the teachers of “Foreign Language course” as well as for the future teachers

Two cases of hydrophobia in the Republic of Tatarstan: In vivo and postmortem laboratory diagnosis

The results of rabies in vivo and postmortem laboratory detection in two cases registered in the Republic of Tatarstan are reported: a victim bitten by a wolf in 2002 and another one bitten by a stray dog on Goa Island, India, in 2013. In the patient bitten by a wolf cornea imprints studies using the method of fluorescent antibodies (MFA) showed rabies-positive result 6 days before the patient's death. The results were confirmed by postmortem examination of different parts of the brain and salivary glands using the MFA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), optical microscopy, and bioassay methods. In the patient bitten by a stray dog the rabies virus specific antigen was detected by eye cornea studies using the MFA method and saliva studies using the ELISA. The rabies virus genome was also isolated from saliva and tear fluid using nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 9 days before the patient's death. The in vivo studies results were consistent with the postmortem study of different parts of the brain using the MFA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), optical microscopy, and bioassay methods. All the infection-positive results of both in vivo and postmortem studies were consistent with the clinical studies, i.e. rabies diagnosis was confirmed. The analysis of the rabies virus gene G fragment nucleotide sequence of 238 nd length showed a slight difference between the studied isolates (2 rabies) and the RABV AY956319 (1.68%), difference by 10.5% from the Vnukovo-32 vaccine strains and by 10.9 % from the SAD B19 rabies strain, respectively (rabies viruses of 1st genotype). It was also significantly different from the lissaviruses of 2,4,5, and 6 genotypes (21.0-32.7%). The obtained results indicate phylogenetic closeness of the studied isolates (2 rabies) with the RABV AY956319 rabies virus strain belonging to the 1st genotype

Nuclease composition with anti-rabies activity

A composition demonstrating anti-rabies activity was developed on the basis of isoform Sm1 of Serratia marcescens endonuclease. Besides the enzyme the composition contained Haemodes-N, magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. Injection of this composition at a mouse's infection cite, two hours after the mouse has been infected with rabies, showed an increase of the infected animals' survival by more than 30% in comparison with the animals of control group

К вопросу о ранней диагностике базальноклеточного рака (описание клинического случая)

Introduction. Basal cell carcinoma represents one of the most common malignant skin tumours. This malignant skin neoplasm is characterised by slow growth and a weak tendency to metastasis, although the fatal outcome with an aggressive tumour growth is also possible. On the example of a clinical case, an analysis of diagnostic errors regarding this disease was carried out.Case Description. Patient B., 67 years old, sought medical assistance in the Republican Dermatovenerologic Dispensary with complaints of a lesion on the nasal dorsum. The anamnesis indicated that the patient initially turned to a dermatologist at the place of residence, who prescribed a combined dermatic treatment containing a topical corticosteroid. Due to the lack of dynamics, the patient suggested a neoplasm and sought medical assistance from an oncologist at his place of residence. After excluding oncological pathology, the oncologist recommended observation and treatment by a dermatologist.Results and discussion. Repeatedly, the patient requested medical assistance only after a year and a half with complaints of an increase in the lesion on the nasal dorsum, the appearance of black crusts and bleeding. The results of a dermatoscopic examination demonstrated the absence of a pigment network, thus confirming the tumour process of non-melanocytic skin lesion. Based on the data of the clinical examination and histological examination of the tumour biopsy, the assumption was confirmed and the diagnosis of st. I T1N0M0 gr. III nasal skin cancer, was made. Under the conditions of the Republican Dermatovenerologic Dispensary, the patient underwent X-ray therapy according to the radical program in 5 days a week by the Xstrahl-300 (0545) instrument with the single and summary tumour doses on the area of the nasal skin tumour equal to 400 and 4000 cGy, respectively. Positive dynamics was noted (the lesion focus was epithelised) and the patient is currently under the supervision of an oncologist at the place of residence.Conclusions. The lack of proper examination by a dermatologist and oncologist at the place of residence contributed to the progression and growth of a malignant neoplasm in the patient. The diagnostic significance of the dermatoscopic method in the early stages of the malignant tumour process is substantiated.Введение. Базальноклеточная карцинома является одной из наиболее часто встречаемых злокачественных опухолей кожи. Это злокачественное новообразование кожи отличается медленным ростом и низкой склонностью к метастазированию, но при агрессивном течении опухоли возможен и смертельный исход. На примере клинического случая проведен разбор ошибок при диагностике данного заболевания.Описание случая. Пациент Б., 67 лет, обратился за медицинской помощью в Республиканский кожно-венерологический диспансер с жалобами на очаг поражения на спинке носа. Из данных анамнеза известно, что пациент изначально обратился к дерматологу по месту жительства, который назначил комбинированное наружное средство, в состав которого входил топический кортикостероид. Ввиду отсутствия динамики пациент предположил у себя наличие новообразования и самостоятельно обратился к онкологу по месту жительства. Онколог, в свою очередь, исключив свою патологию, рекомендовал наблюдение и лечение у дерматолога.Результаты и обсуждение. Повторно пациент обратился за помощью только через полтора года с жалобами на увеличение очага поражения на спинке носа, появление корок черного цвета и кровоточивости. Результаты дерматоскопического исследования показали отсутствие пигментной сетки, что свидетельствовало в пользу опухолевого процесса немеланоцитарного поражения кожи. На основании данных клинического осмотра и гистологического исследования биоптата опухоли подтверждено предположение и выставлен диагноз — рак кожи носа ст. I T1N0M0 гр. III. В условиях РОД больному была проведена рентгенотерапия по радикальной программе, в режиме 5 дней в неделю на аппарате Xstrahl-300 (0545), РОД-400 сГр, СОД-4000 сГр на область опухоли кожи носа. Отмечена положительная динамика (у больного очаг поражения заэпителизировался), и в настоящее время пациент находится на диспансерном учете у онколога по месту жительства.Заключение. Отсутствие должного обследования дерматологом и онкологом по месту жительства способствовало медленному прогрессированию и росту злокачественного новообразования у пациента. Обоснована диагностическая значимость дерматоскопического метода на ранних стадиях злокачественного опухолевого процесса

Epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, during the period of 1997-2013

Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015.This report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (NE) in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. NE cases identified in the period 1997-2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. A total of 13 930 NE cases were documented in all but one district of Tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. The NE annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cases being registered once in every 3-5 years. The numbers of NE cases rose gradually from July to November, with the highest morbidity in adult males. The highest annual disease incidence rate, 64·4 cases/100 000 population, was observed in 1997, with a total of 2431 NE cases registered. NE cases were mostly associated with visiting forests and agricultural activities. The analysis revealed that the bank vole Myodes glareolus not only comprises the majority of the small rodent communities in the region, but also consistently displays the highest hantavirus prevalence compared to other small rodent species