The stress and free radical towards disease and aging.

All living things will grow old, and inevitably all will die one day. This is a normal process to grow old, to have disease and die. Death is no exception. However, the rate of disease occurrence varies with different people. Moreover, the psychological distress influences the onset of age related disease and biological aging. Actually, aging is a multi-factorial process, and many contributing mechanisms have not clearly been identified yet. However, there are so many theories have been explained the underlying biological basis of aging process (Curtler, 1994). The various interactive factors which contribute to the aging process have been shown in figur

Hydrodynamics studies in two- and three-phase bubble column

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

An evaluation study on gamified online learning experiences and its acceptance among medical students

Objective: The successful application of gamification in different educational settings shows that the use of gamification in medical education may be an effective solution. Even though many studies have been conducted to investigate the efficacy of the integration of gamification to different education curriculums, few studies have examined the reactions, behaviors, and attitudes of learners toward the use of gamification in medical education. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the medical students' learning experience and acceptance of the use of gamification for the delivery of electrocardiogram lessons. Materials and methods: A qualitative research method was used to generate findings in this study. The data collection methods included focus group discussions and interviews. Triangulation methods were used to ensure the validity and reliability of the qualitative data analyzed in this study. The thematic analysis of the data collected in this study helped to garner insights into the perception of participants and experts about the use of GaMed@™ for the delivery of ECG lessons. Results: A total number of 32 medical students and four experts in the fields of user experience, communication, social psychology, and game design participated in this study. The findings showed that in spite of the negative reports about the user experience and application of GaMed@™, the participants and experts affirmed its positive impact on the increased motivation and engagement of users. Conclusions: The impact of this concept can be maximized by tailoring the game design to foster-positive learning attributes, behaviors, and outcomes in students. However, further research studies must be conducted to investigate the impact of gamification designs on specific learning outcomes in students

Optimal remote access trojans detection based on network behavior

RAT is one of the most infected malware in the hyper-connected world. Data is being leaked or disclosed every day because new remote access Trojans are emerging and they are used to steal confidential data from target hosts. Network behavior-based detection has been used to provide an effective detection model for Remote Access Trojans. However, there is still short comings: to detect as early as possible, some False Negative Rate and accuracy that may vary depending on ratio of normal and malicious RAT sessions. As typical network contains large amount of normal traffic and small amount of malicious traffic, the detection model was built based on the different ratio of normal and malicious sessions in previous works. At that time false negative rate is less than 2%, and it varies depending on different ratio of normal and malicious instances. An unbalanced dataset will bias the prediction model towards the more common class. In this paper, each RAT is run many times in order to capture variant behavior of a Remote Access Trojan in the early stage, and balanced instances of normal applications and Remote Access Trojans are used for detection model. Our approach achieves 99 % accuracy and 0.3% False Negative Rate by Random Forest Algorithm

Challenges of Humanitarian Aid International Non-Government Organizations (INGOs) in Myanmar

In Myanmar, there are currently over 100 INGOs, and out of these, 43 are providing humanitarian aid and development activities in conjunction with eight UN organizations. However, whether humanitarian operations have positively or negatively impacted Myanmar is underreported. A backlash against INGOs arose in the wake of 2012, and suspicions about misappropriation of aid resources and mismanagement of funds seem to have become more controversial after the aid agencies jumped into the Rakhine crisis under the agenda of humanitarian violations. This research is based on a literature review, relevant case study analysis, and 10 semi-structured interviews with humanitarian activists of the Myanmar Diaspora in Canada. The primary objective of this research is to investigate how humanitarian aid INGOs contextualize their work in Myanmars post-democracy period and to see how said work links to the challenges associated with projects in the area of ethnic conflict. Based on the findings, a culturally appropriate framework is introduced for the efficacy of Myanmars humanitarian aid INGOs. In this study, I argue that humanitarian aid INGOs fail to apply outside-in thinking in the decision-making process when implementing aid projects in Myanmar, which is a developing country with multi-rooted conflicts

Source side pre-ordering using recurrent neural networks for English-Myanmar machine translation

Word reordering has remained one of the challenging problems for machine translation when translating between language pairs with different word orders e.g. English and Myanmar. Without reordering between these languages, a source sentence may be translated directly with similar word order and translation can not be meaningful. Myanmar is a subject-objectverb (SOV) language and an effective reordering is essential for translation. In this paper, we applied a pre-ordering approach using recurrent neural networks to pre-order words of the source Myanmar sentence into target English’s word order. This neural pre-ordering model is automatically derived from parallel word-aligned data with syntactic and lexical features based on dependency parse trees of the source sentences. This can generate arbitrary permutations that may be non-local on the sentence and can be combined into English-Myanmar machine translation. We exploited the model to reorder English sentences into Myanmar-like word order as a preprocessing stage for machine translation, obtaining improvements quality comparable to baseline rule-based pre-ordering approach on asian language treebank (ALT) corpus

Metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can affect up to 1 in 5 of pregnancies and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including pre-eclampsia, neonatal hypoglycaemia, large for gestational age, increased adiposity and birth trauma. Good glycaemic control is the key to reduce these outcomes. Diet and lifestyle modification followed by insulin as necessary is the conventional type of management. Metformin is increasingly used in pregancy but with limited evidence, its role in GDM has not been well-established. A systematic review including both randomized and non-randomized controlled studies have been conducted to evaluate the contemporary evidence of metformin in GDM. It is suggested that metformin in GDM could be a useful alternative to insulin and is regarded as the best oral anti-hyperglycaemic agent in GDM management currently. However, almost half of metformin-treated GDM patients required supplementary insulin to achieve target glucose levels (metformin failure). Women with higher metabolic risk factors are likely to develop metformin failure. A clinical cohort of metformin-treated GDM is used to develop the predictive model to identify GDM women who are at risk of metformin failure. It has been found that women identified by new IADPSG and NICE 2015 fasting criteria are highly likely to develop metformin failure. It has also been established a number of algorithm based on various baseline characters of GDM women which will help primary healthcare physicians choose the best medication for GDM management. One of the possible side-effects of metformin includes lowering of serum vitamin B12 levels whereas serum vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy which is associated with increased insulin resistance. It is reported that in low vitamin B12 state, offspring’s insulin resistance is found to be higher among women with high folate low B12 state. Hence, in order to fully appreciate the role of vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin failure, it is first necessary to understand the effects of folate in low vitamin B12 condition on pregnancy outcomes in GDM. It has also been found that in normal vitamin B12 GDM women, serum folate levels are negatively associated with plasma glucose levels but not low B12 state. This underlines the fact that in order for folate to have its role, it is important to have normal vitamin B12 levels. Despite increasing use of metformin, it is not yet routine to check vitamin B12 levels before it is given. It is important to understand whether vitamin B12 has a role in metformin action. Thus, the mechanism by which vitamin B12 deficiency might interfere with metformin action was studied. In vitamin B12 deficient hepatocytes, metformin stimulation of AMPK was reduced which was followed by reduced downstream signalling in lipid metabolism. This effects were reversed by vitamin B12 supplementation. Thus, it is concluded that vitamin B12 deficiency could interfere with metformin action and before metformin is given, every GDM woman should be checked for serum vitamin B12 levels and should be supplemented if deficient. Overall, vitamin B12 could play a critical role in GDM management and it is important for every GDM woman to have normal vitamin B12 levels

A study of families, households and population in the Union of Burma

This thesis reviews the historical writings on families and households in the Union of Burma, followed by a statistical analysis of the demographic, social and economic characteristics of household heads and total population. Where data are available such characteristics are discussed for various regions. The review of sociological and anthropological studies of families and households is based mainly on historical writings. The customs and behaviour with regard to marriage, kin-relations, divorce and inheritance, status of women and role of children in different racial groups have been examined. A varied picture of the ;socio-cultural pattern of family life of different societies in the Union of Burma was observed. A statistical analysis of the family itself is not feasible in the Union of Burma as information has always been sought by households. The statistical data on households reveal that the summary indices such as the average size of household, mean age of the head of the household, proportion of the total population by marital status, educational attainment and workforce participation do not show much variation between the regions, and thus by races. One could generally conclude that although the minorities depict variation in their customs towards family life, the characteristics of the people living in various regions, which broadly approximate racial groups, are not different

The Australian rice industry in relation to the international rice trade and its implications for Southeast Asian rice exporting countries

One of the main objectives of the study is to evaluate the likely competition in the international rice trade that Burma and Thailand may have to face from Australia in the future. However, before delving directly into that aspect it was necessary to trace the development of the Australian rice industry and factors attributing to it. It was found that the industry's early progress was owing to the high tariff protection it enjoyed, and also largely on account of the efficient planning and management of the Rice Marketing Board of New South Wales. The performance of the industry with specific reference to export growth in recent years, was analysed using a constant market share approach. The conclusion that could be drawn from the technical analysis is that over recent years the Australian rice industry has successfully diversified its export outlets towards markets which are growing faster than the world average. The analysis also shows that about half of its total increase in recent sales can be attributed to Australian competitiveness. This, besides changes in its prices relative to competition, also includes elements such as its aggressive selling, dependability of delivery dates, terms of sale and general adaptation to market force. On studying the potential growth of the Australian rice industry it was found that a significant expansion in Queensland, which at present supplies a minor share of total output, is unlikely, as sugar (which is a competing crop) will probably remain more profitable. Production of rice for export in the North is totally uneconomic owing to its present high cost structures. The region which has potential for expansion is New South Wales. This dominant grower can readily expand output by 10 per cent over the next 5 years but the salination problem of the Murray may preclude this. Thus strong competition from Australia to Burma and Thailand is unlikely in the foreseeable future. The second objective is to analyse the causes of the decline in Burmese rice export volumes and also that of Thailand in the late 1960s using the same technical analysis as in the case of Australia. From the analysis it could be concluded that both Burmese and Thai rice have an unfavourable market distribution of their exports. This study suggests Burma and Thailand should try to diversify their export outlets in order to increase their sales volume. They must also increase their competitiveness in world markets, especially Burma whose competitiveness is quite weak

QoS-aware Traffic Management in Software Defined Networking

Software defined networking (SDN) provides effective traffic management solution by separating control and data planes, global centralization control, and being programmable. And, the traditional shortest path routing cannot provide effective traffic engineering because it only aware shortest path. The constraint-aware routing is more efficient than the traditional shortest path routing, however, it needed to estimate constraints such as link capacity, delay, jitter, and so on and it cannot guarantee the future traffic demands. This paper proposed QoS-aware traffic management method in SDN to guarantee the QoS-aware traffic by selecting the optimal path based on the estimated constraints. First, the proposed traffic management method categorized traffic classes: QoS-aware traffic and non QoS-aware traffic classes. Then, the proposed method estimated the QoS parameters and calculated the optimal path based on the estimated parameters. Finally, the QoS-aware traffic routed with the optimal path and non QoS-aware traffic simply routed through the shortest path. The proposed method is validated by using network emulator, Mininet and SDN controller, ONOS. The experiment results of throughput and packet loss show that our proposed method outperformed the other two traffic management methods