A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH OF SUDHA VARGA DRAVYA W.S.R. TO GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER

The human Gastro intestinal tract is responsible for transporting and digesting food stuffs, absorbing nutrients and expelling waste. Any interruption or change in physiology of GIT results in various disease like Hyperacidity, Peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disorder etc. In Ayurveda all these diseases comes under Annavaha Srotas Vikara. There are many treatment modalities available in Ayurveda but Sudha vargiya Dravyas describe in Rasa-shastra literature plays an important role in the treatment of GIT disorders. Bhasmas of Sudha vargiya Dravyas have attained importance in prevention and cure of conditions such as AmlaPitta (hyperacidity), Grahani (Irritable Bowel Syndrome), Annadrava shula (Gastric ulcer), Parinaam shula (Duodenal ulcer), Atisara (Diarrhoea) etc. Bhasmas are considered as nano medicine in Ayurveda which is therapeutically very potent in small dose, quick acting and without specific taste. All the drugs in Sudha Varga have calcium in compound form, as salt. Calcium has very essential role in physiology related to bone structure as well as regulation of Gastro intestinal secretions. As these having Sheet virya in all the Sudha vargiya Dravyas the acid neutralizing capacity is present due to higher pH value.

CRITICAL REVIEW ON MADHU W.S.R. TO HONEY

Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by honey bees and is one of the most valued as well as appreciated natural substance known to mankind since ancient times. Of all the natural foods rich in carbohydrates honey is the most wholesome and delicious. The medicinal quality, taste, texture, color and aroma of honey differs according to the geographical area and the species of plants from which it has been collected. Honey is called as Madhu in Ayurveda. Eight types of Madhu are described in Ayurveda depending on the type of bee which collects it and `Makshika is considered medicinally the best among them. According to biomedical science, the best honey is made by Apis mellifera. Etymology, Synonyms, varieties, method of collection, chemical constituents, properties, adulterants, chemical tests, and the usages of honey are gathered from text books, experienced Ayurvedic physicians and from internet. In Ayurveda, honey is used for both internal and external applications.  It shows mild laxative, bactericidal, sedative, and antiseptic properties and is found to be useful in the treatment of bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, cough and cold, eye diseases, wounds, constipation, hiccups, skin disorders, worm infestation and urinary tract disorders etc. Old honey reduces fat and obesity and is highly scarificant. Honey is much used in the preparation of confections and electuaries and as an adjunct to decoctions, pills and powders. But problem of its adulteration is becoming a common issue in present scenario, so it is always necessary to use genuine honey for attaining desired benefits and reject the spurious and adulterated honey which is sold cheaper in the market. The present work aims at the review of Honey or Madhu as is explained in Ayurveda & biomedical science

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IMPACT OF DIFFERENT SHODHANA METHODS ON GUGGULU

Objective: Guggulu is one of the important Dravya (drug) used in Ayurvedic formulations since ancient time which means “Protection against diseases”. Ashuddhaguggulu has physical and chemical impurities which need to be eliminated before using in formulation by Shodhana. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of different Shodhana methods i.e., Dolayantra Shodhana and dissolving Shodhana on properties of Guggulu by employing various physic-chemical and chromatographic methods. Method: Physicochemical screening was done by evaluating ash, Acid Insoluble Ash, Loss on Drying, Water Soluble Extractive and Alcohol Soluble Extractive. Chromatographic analysis was performed to estimate guggulsterone (E and Z) content, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Result: The Physico-chemical studies showed decrease in LOD, Ash and Acid Insoluble Ash content and increase in extractive values such as Alcohol Soluble Extractive of Guggulu after Shodhana process. The HPTLC analysis showed significant change in guggulsterone (E and Z) content in Guggulu after Shodhana process Conclusion: This study helps to understand the effect of different Shodhana methods on the efficacy of drug. In this study, we established qualitative profile of Shodhit Guggulu in terms of physicochemical parameters and phytochemical content by HPLC

Anti-Diabetic and Anti-oxidant Activities of Devdarvadyarishta in StreptozotocinInduced Diabetic Rats

Devdarvadyarishta is a honey based medicated alcoholic formulation that has been documented to elicit hypoglycemic activity in Ayurvedic lexicon. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant effect of Devdarvadyarishta in STZ induced Type II diabetic rats. 24 Wistar albino rats were distributed into four groups with six animals in each group viz., Group I (Normal Control Group), Group II (Diabetic control group), group III (Standard drug Glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg of body weight), group IV (Devdarvadyarishta at 2000 mg/kg of body weight). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at dose level of 35 mg/kg. The whole study was conducted for 30 days. Changes in parameters like body weight, blood glucose, blood urea, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, insulin, alkaline phosphatase, oral glucose tolerance test and liver anti-oxidant parameters viz., superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were recorded. Histopathology of liver and pancreas was also done. Result showed significant improvement in parameters like body weight, lipid profile, blood glucose, serum creatinine, insulin and alkaline phosphatase which were almost analogous to potent antidiabetic drug glibenclamide. Histopathological studies reinforce the healing of pancreas by increase in pancreatic islet numbers and size, amelioration in atrophy, well-rejuvenated normal cellular arrangement and reduced necrosis with normal blood vessels in liver by test drug as a possible mechanism of its antidiabetic and anti-oxidant activity our study suggests that Devdarvadyarishta suppresses the symptoms of diabetes and diabetes related oxidative stress in animal study.

Review on Wound Healing Activity of Ropana Taila

Wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissue often, which may be associated with disruption of the structures and functions. Wound healing is a complex series of events that begin when an individual gets affected by a wound. It is a mechanism whereby the body attempts to re-establish the integrity of the injured part. In modern biomedical sciences, research on wound healing agents is one of the developing areas. Natural compounds are used in skin wound care from many years due to their therapeutic activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cell-stimulating properties. Various herbs, oils and natural resources have been described in Ayurveda with wound healing properties. Acharya Sushruta has explained many drugs and formulations for the treatment of Vrana (wound). One such formulation named Ropana Taila has been described in Sushsruta Samhita for Wound healing. The present review article is undertaken to discuss about the wound healing activity of Ropana Tail

Anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant activities of Devdarvadyarishta in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

68-75Devdarvadyarishta is a honey based medicated alcoholic formulation that has been documented to elicit hypoglycemic activity in Ayurvedic lexicon. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant effect of Devdarvadyarishta in STZ induced type II diabetic rats. 24 Wistar albino rats were distributed into four groups with six animals in each group viz., Group I (Normal Control Group), Group II (Diabetic control group), group III (Standard drug Glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg of body weight), group IV (Devdarvadyarishta at 2000 mg/kg of body weight). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at dose level of 35 mg/kg. The whole study was conducted for 30 days. Changes in parameters like body weight, blood glucose, blood urea, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, insulin, alkaline phosphatase, oral glucose tolerance test and liver anti-oxidant parameters viz., superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were recorded. Histopathology of liver and pancreas was also done. Result showed significant improvement in parameters like body weight, lipid profile, blood glucose, serum creatinine, insulin and alkaline phosphatase which were almost analogous to potent antidiabetic drug glibenclamide. Histopathological studies reinforce the healing of pancreas by increase in pancreatic islet numbers and size, amelioration in atrophy, well-rejuvenated normal cellular arrangement and reduced necrosis with normal blood vessels in liver by test drug as a possible mechanism of its antidiabetic and anti-oxidant activity our study suggests that Devdarvadyarishta suppresses the symptoms of diabetes and diabetes related oxidative stress in animal study

Comparative antimicrobial potential of Tribhuvana-Mishrana and its ingredients against clinical bacteria

There are many single drug and compound formulations prescribed for Jwara (~ fever) in Ayurvedic classics. Tribhuvanakirti Rasa (TKR), Godanti Bhasma (GB) and Sudarshana Ghana Vati (SGV) are widely used compound formulations that are separately indicated for the treatment of Jwara (~fever) in different dosage schedules. In Ayurvedic Formulary of India Tribhuvana-Mishrana (TM) has been chiefly indicated in treatment of Sarva Jwara (~ fever). Therefore, in this study comparative antimicrobial activity of TM and its individual ingredients viz. TKR, GB and SGV were evaluated against four fever-causing microbes such as gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the gram-negative bacteria Salmonella typhii, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aqueous extract of all the four samples (formulation as whole and the three individual ingredients separately) in a dose 125mcg/ml were tested for their antimicrobial activity against four different microbes by agar well diffusion method. The study shows that TM and its ingredients independently show significant antimicrobial activity. S. aureus was found to be most sensitive to SGV and moderately sensitive to TKR and TM while S. typhii was found to be most sensitive to TM as compared to others. TKR was found to be most effective against E.coli while SGV and TM both showed significant antimicrobial effect against E. coli. TM could provide an alternative to synthetic antibiotics against human microbial infections

Pharmaceutical Standardisation of Devdarvadyarishta w.s.r to the Fermenting Vessel

Standard operating procedure for pharmaceutical preparation of Devdarvadyarishta has been developed in the present research work. A pilot scale study having 3 batches was carried out initially to find out the best possible fermenting vessel among glass jar, porcelain jar and stainless steel vessel and also to investigate for any possible hurdle related with fermentation process as honey and not jaggery is used as sweetening agent in this formulation. Three samples of Devdarvadyarishta as per conventional method were prepared in accordance with Bhaishjya Ratnavali and process for standard of Devdarvadyarishta was set in as a Quality specification for the same. Porcelain jar was found to be the best as per the results of pilot study as evident by alcohol content of 5.73%, 6.25% and 6.10% respectively in glass jar, porcelain jar and stainless steel vessel, the reaction being completed in between 38-47 days.  Approximate duration of Kwatha formation in all the batches was 9 hours with peak temperature during boiling being maintained at 920C. In all the three batches, fermentation started on 7th day, 7th day and 9th day, total duration of fermentation was 72 days, 70 days and 75 days, with % loss of 15.78%, 17.76% and 19.07% respectively. Mean % loss observed during preparation was 17.53%

Synthesis and characterization of single-crystalline alpha-MoO3 nanofibers for enhanced Li-ion intercalation applications

High quality, single-crystalline alpha-MoO3 nanofibers are synthesized by rapid hydrothermal method using a polymeric nitrosyl-complex of molybdenum(II) as molybdenum source without employing catalysts, surfactants, or templates. The possible reaction pathway is decomposition and oxidation of the complex to the polymolybdate and then surface condensation on the energetically favorable 001] direction in the initially formed nuclei of solid alpha-MoO3 under hydrothermal conditions. Highly crystalline alpha-MoO3 nanofibers have grown along 001] with lengths up to several micrometres and widths ranging between 280 and 320 nm. The alpha-MoO3 nanofibers exhibit desirable electrochemical properties such as high capacity reversibility as a cathode material of a Li-ion battery

Synthesis and characterization of self-assembled nanofiber-bundles of V(2)O(5): their electrochemical and field emission properties

High-quality self-assembled V(2)O(5) nanofiber-bundles (NBs) are synthesized by a simple and direct hydrothermal method using a vanadium(V) hydroxylamido complex as a vanadium source in the presence of HNO(3). The possible reaction pathway for the formation of V(2)O(5) NBs is discussed and demonstrated that HNO(3) functions both as an oxidizing and as an acidification agent. V(2)O(5) NBs are single-crystals of an orthorhombic phase that have grown along the [010] direction. A bundle is made of indefinite numbers of homogeneous V(2)O(5) nanofibers where nanofibers have lengths up to several micrometres and widths ranging between 20 and 50 nm. As-prepared V(2)O(5) NBs display a high electrochemical performance in a non-aqueous electrolyte as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Field emission properties are also investigated which shows that a low turn-on field of similar to 1.84 V mu m(-1) is required to draw the emission current density of 10 mu Lambda cm(-2)