Tourism development in Egypt: The role of the government, with particular reference to the hotel sector.

This study is concerned with tourism in Egypt and, in particular, with the roles of the government in developing and regulating hotels. The first two chapters discuss tourism in general and contain definitions of the terms used in this subject. Governmental involvement in the tourism sector is examined, especially in relation to developing countries. Chapter three then focuses on Egypt as part of the international tourism movement including an analysis of the statistics of supply and demand and the various factors which have an influence on the tourism sector. In Chapter four the governmental structure of Egypt is examined identifying, in particular, those institutions and state agencies which are involved directly or indirectly in tourism. Current public sector policies and development plans are reviewed and the influence of the government on hotel operations and prices. This is further developed in Chapter five which explains the nature and coverage of hotel investment incentives in Egypt. Finally Chapter six examines the effects of governmental involvement in the construction and development of hotels

Tourism development in Egypt: The role of the government, with particular reference to the hotel sector.

This study is concerned with tourism in Egypt and, in particular, with the roles of the government in developing and regulating hotels. The first two chapters discuss tourism in general and contain definitions of the terms used in this subject. Governmental involvement in the tourism sector is examined, especially in relation to developing countries. Chapter three then focuses on Egypt as part of the international tourism movement including an analysis of the statistics of supply and demand and the various factors which have an influence on the tourism sector. In Chapter four the governmental structure of Egypt is examined identifying, in particular, those institutions and state agencies which are involved directly or indirectly in tourism. Current public sector policies and development plans are reviewed and the influence of the government on hotel operations and prices. This is further developed in Chapter five which explains the nature and coverage of hotel investment incentives in Egypt. Finally Chapter six examines the effects of governmental involvement in the construction and development of hotels

Biological control of glasshouse Myzus persicae (Sulzer) using Aphidius matricariae Haliday

Imperial Users onl

Psycholinguistic abilities in cochlear implant and hearing impaired children

Background: Many congenitally sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) children and cochlear implant (CI) recipients develop near-normal language skills. However, there is a wide variation in individual outcomes following cochlear implantation, or using hearing aids. Some CI recipients or Hearing aids users never develop useable speech and oral language skills. The causes of this enormous variation in outcomes are only partly understood at the present time. So, the aim of this study was to assess the psycholinguistic skills in Arabic speaking children with either SNHL or CI in comparison to normal controls in order to estimate the nature and extent of any specific deficit in these children that could explain the different prognostic results of language intervention. Subjects and methods: Three groups were selected, according to Language test, Pure tone audiometry (PTA) & Auditory brain stem response (ABR). Group I included fourteen children with severe and/or severe to profound SNHL aided with proper hearing aids. Group II consisted of fourteen children with CI (MED-EL and Nucleus) and group III included fourteen children with normal hearing. Receptive, Expressive and total language quotients were calculated using the Arabic Language test. Assessment of psycholinguistic abilities was done using the Arabic version of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic abilities. Conclusion: HI individuals have poor auditory short-term memory (A-STM) in comparison to normal hearing individuals. Also, HI individuals have visual short-term memory (V-STM) better than normal hearing individuals. So, multisensory training is needed both in therapy sessions and classrooms with more focus on visual stimuli

Protective effect of taurine and quercetin against renal dysfunction associated with the combined use of gentamycin and diclofenac

332-340The potential protective effects of taurine and quercetin against gentamycin (GM)/diclofenac (DC) combined nephrotoxicity were investigated in rats. The results showed that administration of DC alone at an oral dose of 5 mg/kg b.wt/day for 28 days had no significant effect on the measured parameters, except for marked increase in urinary uronic acid excretion. Administration of GM alone at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt/day i.p. for 8 days resulted in obvious nephrotoxicity. Combined GM-DC treatment led to the most pronounced nephrotoxicity, as indicated by greater elevations in serum urea, creatinine and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), together with severe depression of renal cortical Na⁺, K⁺- ATPase, compared to GM-treated group. Moreover, only combined treatment resulted in significant decrease in urinary potassium and renal cortical glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), together with an increase in renal cortical lipid peroxidation products (LPOs). Co-administration of taurine or quercetin normalized creatinine clearance and ameliorated the elevations in urinary proteins, uronic acids, NAG and renal cortical LPOs in GM/DC treated rats. The study justifies the use of taurine and quercetin as renoprotective agents against the nephrotoxicity caused by GM/DC therapy

Control of a rectangular impinging jet: Experimental investigation of the flow dynamics and the acoustic field

Passive control techniques of impinging jets are of high interest for many industrial applications and particularly for noise generation issues encountered in such configurations. Thus, an experimental study was carried out to simultaneously show the effect of a mechanism of control on the acoustic and the dynamic fields involved in a rectangular jet of air impinging on a slotted plate. A Reynolds number of Re = 5900 presenting an intense acoustic level was considered. The mechanism of control consists on a thin rod which was introduced in different positions of the flow. A total number of 1085 spatial positions of the rod were tested in order to identify the optimal position for noise reduction. Combined Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry measurements were performed to obtain the kinematic field in the whole area of interest from the both sides of the introduced rod. A new representation of the acoustic levels (cartography of acoustic level as function of the location of the rod) is provided to identify the optimal positions of control. It was found that when the self-sustaining tone loop disappears, the sound pressure levels can drop by almost 23% depending on the location of the rod. A Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) was established and cross-correlations were calculated between temporal modes and acoustic signals for both controlled and not controlled cases. The cross-correlations between the acoustic signal and the temporal modes were found to be insignificant in case of controlled flow. Moreover, in case of controlled flow, spatial modes were found to be significant far from the slot which plays a principal role in the self-sustaining tones by interacting with the passage of vortices through it. These results are of interest since the visualization of the flow dynamics and the corresponding vortex activity explains the disappearance of the self-sustaining loop and the sound pressure level changes. Such results are of high interest for developing new strategies of noise control