Os problemas de desenvolvimento de pequenas empresas: a experiência de pesquisa empírica (com base nos materiais da República do Tartaristão)

This article considers the essence and features of the phenomenon of small business in the region based on the results of the author’s research, highlights the problems of its functioning, the measures of state support, gives the opinions of the respondents and the expert community on topical issues of improving entrepreneurial practices. In a market economy small business is a support for the development of the middle class, helps reduce differentiation in the welfare of different groups of people, it is a catalyst for scientific progress, innovation, social goods and services, as well as job creation, provides opportunities for self-realization of people with special entrepreneurship. In developed countries, the share of small enterprises exceeds more than half of the number of enterprises in the country on the whole, and the share of employed citizens in the small business sector often amounts to 60-70% or more. In the Russian economy, unfortunately, small business does not play such a prominent role, there is a low level of its innovation. This is facilitated by a number of factors, and above all, the lack of effective mechanisms for interaction between the state and business. Entrepreneurs rate the following barriers among the main ones that bar the development of small business: bureaucratic obstacles, lack of equality in the distribution of government orders, high rental rates, high taxes, a large number of scheduled and unscheduled inspections. Still relevant is the task of state support of small business, which requires a targeted applied sociological research that identifies the state and problems of small business in the monitoring mode.Este artículo considera la esencia y las características del fenómeno de las pequeñas empresas en la región basándose en los resultados de la investigación del autor, destaca los problemas de su funcionamiento, las medidas de apoyo estatal, ofrece las opiniones de los encuestados y la comunidad de expertos sobre temas de actualidad. Problemas de mejora de las prácticas empresariales. En una economía de mercado, la pequeña empresa es un apoyo para el desarrollo de la clase media, ayuda a reducir la diferenciación en el bienestar de los diferentes grupos de personas, es un catalizador para el progreso científico, la innovación, los bienes y servicios sociales, así como la creación de empleo. Brinda oportunidades para la autorrealización de personas con emprendimiento especial. En los países desarrollados, la proporción de pequeñas empresas supera a más de la mitad del número de empresas en el país en general, y la proporción de ciudadanos empleados en el sector de pequeñas empresas a menudo asciende a 60-70% o más. En la economía rusa, desafortunadamente, las pequeñas empresas no juegan un papel tan importante, hay un bajo nivel de innovación. Esto se ve facilitado por una serie de factores, y sobre todo, la falta de mecanismos efectivos para la interacción entre el estado y las empresas. Los empresarios clasifican las siguientes barreras entre las principales que impiden el desarrollo de pequeñas empresas: obstáculos burocráticos, falta de igualdad en la distribución de los pedidos del gobierno, altas tasas de alquiler, altos impuestos, un gran número de inspecciones programadas y no programadas. Aún es relevante la tarea del apoyo estatal a las pequeñas empresas, que requiere una investigación sociológica aplicada que identifique el estado y los problemas de las pequeñas empresas en el modo de monitoreo.Este artigo considera a essência e as características do fenômeno das pequenas empresas na região com base nos resultados da pesquisa do autor, destaca os problemas de seu funcionamento, as medidas de apoio estatal, dá as opiniões dos entrevistados e da comunidade de especialistas sobre tópicos questões de melhoria das práticas empresariais. Numa economia de mercado, a pequena empresa é um suporte para o desenvolvimento da classe média, ajuda a reduzir a diferenciação no bem-estar de diferentes grupos de pessoas, é um catalisador do progresso científico, inovação, bens e serviços sociais, bem como criação de emprego. oferece oportunidades para a auto-realização de pessoas com empreendedorismo especial. Nos países desenvolvidos, a participação das pequenas empresas excede em mais de metade do número de empresas no país e a percentagem de cidadãos empregados no setor das pequenas empresas é frequentemente de 60 a 70% ou mais. Na economia russa, infelizmente, as pequenas empresas não desempenham um papel tão proeminente, há um baixo nível de inovação. Isso é facilitado por vários fatores e, acima de tudo, pela falta de mecanismos efetivos de interação entre o estado e os negócios. Os empreendedores classificam as seguintes barreiras entre as principais que impedem o desenvolvimento de pequenas empresas: obstáculos burocráticos, falta de igualdade na distribuição de ordens do governo, altas taxas de aluguel, altos impostos, um grande número de inspeções programadas e não programadas. Ainda é relevante a tarefa do apoio estatal às pequenas empresas, que requer uma pesquisa sociológica aplicada direcionada que identifique o estado e os problemas das pequenas empresas no modo de monitoramento

DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM FOR CREATING ATOM-ATOMIC MAPPING USING "NAIVE" BAYES MACHINE LEARNING METHOD

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Efficiency of organ-saving operations conducted about early postpartum uterine bleeding and their influence on the quality of women’s lives

Objective: to study the long-term eff ects of massive blood loss in parturition and the early postpartum period on the reproductive function and psychological status of women.Materials and methods: the study included 49 women who were imposed compressive hemostatic sutures in the uterus due to the development of early postpartum hemorrhage. It was carried out a retrospectiveanalysis of medical records, prospective survey - 46 women, tested scales postpartum depression - 46 women and assessment of quality of life using the SF-36 scales - 36 women.Results: the effi ciency of the compression joints method was 98 % (100 % exclusion criteria were coagulopathic obstetric bleeding), in 1 case the application of compression joints was ineff ective, which required uterus extirpation. In 14 women out of 48 (29.1 %), menstrual irregularities were revealed. In 28 (61.5 %) women, postnatal depression was confi rmed. In 30 out of 36 (87 %) women were found to decrease in quality of life. In 8 (16.7 %) women, a recurrent spontaneous pregnancy occurred within 2 years aft er suturing.Conclusion. Compression sutures remain an effective method for stopping postpartum uterine bleeding, allowing women to maintain fertility. However, some factors, including high blood loss, can signifi cantly reduce the quality of women’s lives

CGR-DB. INTERACTIVE REACTION DATABASE AND CGR-BASED SEARCH ENGINE.

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Middle class in the Republic of Tatarstan: Analysis of the results of sociological research

The article presents the results of the authors’ sociological study of the middle class, conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan. Based on the data obtained, the authors define its general stratification characteristics, and regional specific features of employment behaviour, consumer practices, life values and attitudes

Middle class in the Republic of Tatarstan: Analysis of the results of sociological research

The article presents the results of the authors’ sociological study of the middle class, conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan. Based on the data obtained, the authors define its general stratification characteristics, and regional specific features of employment behaviour, consumer practices, life values and attitudes

DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM FOR CREATING ATOM-ATOMIC MAPPING USING "NAIVE" BAYES MACHINE LEARNING METHOD

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