Characterization of 60 GHz multi quantum well passively mode-locked laser under optical self-injection locking

The quality and pulse compression of the 60 GHz millimeter wave signals generated by 750 m long InAlGaAs Multi Quantum Well (MQW) passively mode locked laser under free running and optical self-injection locked conditions are experimentally characterized in terms of longitudinal modes under certain bias currents that range from 24 mA to 90 mA. Initially, the MQW laser is characterized in free running condition with no external injection. The measurements reflect that the free spectral range of laser under test is around 61 GHz and exhibit more than 22 lasing modes. The laser is then integrated into low phase noise self-injection locking oscillator by feeding a part of output RF signal back into the laser cavity to enhance passive mode locking. By doing so the microwave line width of our laser is reduced from 900 kHz to 24 kHz with significant increase in output of resultant beat tones which exhibits strong passive mode locking. This is the first time that the free running microwave line width of MQW laser is reduced up to this level. It is evident from our experimental investigation that as we increase the power and phase correlation between different longitudinal modes inside laser cavity through optical self-injection, the strength of the passively mode locked mechanism is significantly increased and the phase noise of radio frequency signal is drastically reduced

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

The Creative Value of Novel and Old Goriot

The creative value of the novel lies in its connection to the reallife of the linguistic universe. A great novelist has access toareas of thought where the common man cannot reach. The"Father Goriot" is the greatest masterpiece of the famousFrench novelist Honoré de Balzac, in which a old Goriot isshown falling in love with his daughters. Father Goriot is not aheretical novel, but rather an objective description of therealities of society. In this article I have tried to explain thecreative intensity of the novel

How Different Security Applications can be Helpful to Secure the Organizational Knowledge

In this study, we have discussed the suitable Security applications for the security of Organizational Knowledge (tacit and explicit knowledge), so that the Organizational Knowledge can be protected in a better way. The security of Organizational Knowledge is a crucial matter of the organizations in the globe. The Organizational Knowledge is not so protected against different type of threats due to the reason of employees of the organizations and the internal management has less or no Knowledge to take the pre-emptive measures to secure the Organizational Knowledge. This study is based on the issue of security of Knowledge and suitable set of different security applications to protect the Organizational Knowledge that is based on tacit and explicit knowledge. The Organizational Knowledge always has different types of threats that may include the staff members of the organization that may disclose sensitive Organizational Knowledge in public places. The Organizational Knowledge also have the threats like fire threats, natural disasters, business premises threats, unauthorized access, attacks to the networks etc. The aim of this study was to explore that how different types of Security Applications like (Physical Security, Personal Security, Operations Security, Communication Security, Network Security, and Information Security) can be implemented in a most appropriate way to secure the Organizational Knowledge. However the empirical data also discloses that, the respondents were agreed strictly to one thing that a new approach should be employed to carry on the development works to secure the Organizational Knowledge. While the implementation of suggested security applications can prove very successful in protecting the Organizational Knowledge against any type of threat.Validerat; 20110622 (anonymous

Quality Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Drug "Roaccutan" in the Treatment of Patients with Acne

Acne (acne), or blackheads, is a long-term inflammatory skin disease that occurs when dead skin cells and sebum clog the hair follicle. Typical signs of this condition are comedones, pustules, oily skin, and possible scarring. The disease primarily affects the skin with a relatively large number of sebaceous glands, including the face, upper chest and back. As a result, the manifestations of the disease can lead to anxiety, low self-esteem and, in extreme cases, depression or suicidal thoughts[8][9], especially in adolescents

Quality Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Drug "Roaccutan" in the Treatment of Patients with Acne

Acne (acne), or blackheads, is a long-term inflammatory skin disease that occurs when dead skin cells and sebum clog the hair follicle. Typical signs of this condition are comedones, pustules, oily skin, and possible scarring. The disease primarily affects the skin with a relatively large number of sebaceous glands, including the face, upper chest and back. As a result, the manifestations of the disease can lead to anxiety, low self-esteem and, in extreme cases, depression or suicidal thoughts[8][9], especially in adolescents

identification of pharmacological activities of

The use of medicinal plants for cure, treatment and control of diseases is one of the ancient forms of medical practice in mankind history. The 80% population of underdeveloped nations is still dependent on traditional medicinal remedy for its basic medical needs. Malva neglecta Wallr. is a medicinal plant used for phytotherapy for the treatment of cough, respiratory and digestive problems. The present study was conducted for the identification of pharmacological activity of crude extract of Malva neglecta Wallr. on inflammatory, emesis, and analgesic effect in different In-Vivo moels. For this study we performed hind paw, eddy hot plate, and check emesis methods. In the standard condition methods, 78.05%, 76.75% inhibition in anti-emetic, anti- inflammatory and in analgesic it shows significant effect. Malva neglecta Wallr. crude extract (Mn.Cr) possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiemetic activities