Application of Fuzzy control algorithms for electric vehicle antilock braking/traction control systems

Abstract—The application of fuzzy-based control strategies has recently gained enormous recognition as an approach for the rapid development of effective controllers for nonlinear time-variant systems. This paper describes the preliminary research and implementation of a fuzzy logic based controller to control the wheel slip for electric vehicle antilock braking systems (ABSs). As the dynamics of the braking systems are highly nonlinear and time variant, fuzzy control offers potential as an important tool for development of robust traction control. Simulation studies are employed to derive an initial rule base that is then tested on an experimental test facility representing the dynamics of a braking system. The test facility is composed of an induction machine load operating in the generating region. It is shown that the torque-slip characteristics of an induction motor provides a convenient platform for simulating a variety of tire/road - driving conditions, negating the initial requirement for skid-pan trials when developing algorithms. The fuzzy membership functions were subsequently refined by analysis of the data acquired from the test facility while simulating operation at a high coefficient of friction. The robustness of the fuzzy-logic slip regulator is further tested by applying the resulting controller over a wide range of operating conditions. The results indicate that ABS/traction control may substantially improve longitudinal performance and offer significant potential for optimal control of driven wheels, especially under icy conditions where classical ABS/traction control schemes are constrained to operate very conservatively

EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF AROHANAKRAMA SNEHAPANA AND VIRECHANA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ADHOGAAMLAPITTA

Amlapitta is one of the leading problems of new era due to irregular and improper diet, dietetics and stressful life style. It is a very common disorder of Annavahasrotasa caused by Vidagdha Pitta with features like, Abipaka (indigestion), Klama (fatigue), Utklesha (nausea), Tikta-Amlodgara (sour or bitter eructation), Gourava (heaviness), Hritkanthadaha (heart burn), Aruchi (anorexia) etc., Amlapitta include acid peptic disorders (APD)- gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Peptic ulcer diseases (PUD), dyspepsia and functional disorder of GI tract, In the present study, aimed to compare the efficacy of Jeerakadya Ghrita Arohanakrama Snehapana (increasing order) followed by Virechana with Trivrit Churnaadi yoga and Patolashunti Ghrita Arohanakrama Snehapana followed by Virechana with Trivritchurnadi yoga in the management of Adhoga Amlapitta. Material and methods: A minimum of 30 patients suffering from Adhoga Amlapitta were selected in 2 groups, 15 patients in each group. Group A- 15 patients were given Jeerakadya Ghrita Arohanakramasnehapana and Virechana. Group B-15 patients were given Patolashunti Ghrita Arohanakramasnehapana and Virechana. Follow up for 14 days (Patients will be assessed clinically on day 0, 7th day & 14th day). Total study duration is 35days. Virechana is highly significant on all the parameters, except Bhrama at both the phases. Statistical analysis of Group A and Group B are showing same result, but there will be reduction percentage in sign and symptoms like Agnimagda, Trishna, Hrillasa, Bhrama, Vividhavarnayoukta Malapravritti Group A is given better result

Comparison of outcome of interdigitated versus sequential brachytherapy along with concurrent chemoradiation in locally advanced carcinoma cervix

Background: Carcinoma cervix is a significant health concern, particularly in lower socioeconomic groups. The effectiveness of interdigitated versus sequential brachytherapy, both with concurrent chemoradiation, in treating this condition remains underexplored. Methods: This quasi-experimental study at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital enrolled 63 patients with biopsy-proven squamous cell cervical cancer. They were randomly divided into two arms: arm a received pelvic EBRT 50 Gy in 25 fractions, followed by HDR brachytherapy (7 Gy weekly × 3 weeks) starting after 30 Gy of EBRT; arm B received the same pelvic EBRT, followed by HDR brachytherapy (7 Gy weekly × 3 weeks) starting a week after the completion of EBRT. Results: Mean age was 47.82±8.45 years (range: 29-64 years). The mean OTT was significantly reduced in arm-A (36.58 days) compared to arm-B (59.5 days). In terms of treatment response, 90.32% of patients in arm-A and 78.12% in arm-B experienced a complete response. Conclusions: Interdigitated brachytherapy with concurrent chemoradiation significantly reduces treatment time without compromising treatment effectiveness. Despite a shorter treatment duration, the complete response rate was slightly higher in the interdigitated arm

Molecular characterization and resistance profile of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit of tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

This study was designed to investigate the resistance profile along with the genetic background of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among the nosocomial A. baumannii in Bangladesh. A. baumannii was confirmed by detecting blaOXA-51-like. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. Agar dilution method was used to determine MIC of ceftazidime and imipenem. All A. baumannii were phenotypically screened for ampC, ESBL and MBL production. Genetic markers of antibiotic resistance such as blaampC, blaOXA-51, 23, 40, 58 and 143, blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM and blaNDM-1, genetic environment around blaADC and ISAba1 upstream of blaOXAs were evaluated by PCR. Twenty-four (96%) A. baumannii were considered as MDR. 96% A. baumannii were resistant to amoxiclav, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and cefoxitin, 92% to cefotaxime and piperacillin-tazobactam, 88% to cefepime, amikacin and imipenem, 52% to sulbactam-cefoperazone and 40% were resistant to aztreonam. All were sensitive to colistin. The distribution of several beta-lactamase genes such as blaOXA-51 (100%), blaADC-like (92%), blaNDM-1 (92%), EBC group (84%), blaOXA-23 (76%), blaVIM (72%), blaKPC (44%), DHA group (24%), blaOXA-58 (16%), ACC group (8%) and CIT group (4%) were observed among the 25 A. baumannii. This is the first reported plasmid mediated ampC beta-lactamases in A. baumannii. blaOXA-51 was positive in 100%, blaNDM-1 in 95.45%, blaOXA-23 in 77.27%, blaVIM in 72.73%, blaKPC in 50% and blaOXA-58 in 18.18% of imipenem resistant isolates. MDR profile of nosocomial A. baumannii would highlight the importance of standard guideline of antimicrobials use and infection control policy in the hospitals of Bangladesh.</jats:p

Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for UHF RFID Reader

This paper presents an analysis of Circular shape patch antenna for Ultra High-Frequency Identification (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Reader Applications. The fabricated antenna has lightweight, simple structure, low profile and easy for fabrication due to the used of FR-4 materials with loss tangent 0.019, the dielectric constant of 4.7 and thickness of 1.6 mm. It can be operated for UHF RFID system in Malaysia with the frequency assigned from 919 MHz to 923 MHz. The antenna simulation was analysed by using CST Studio Suite 2016. From the results, the antenna has the reflection coefficient (S11) less than -10dB together with the bandwidth of 90 MHz. Other results of antenna parameter such as voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), circular polarized radiation pattern, return loss and gain were also discussed. The complete size of the proposed antenna is 120 mm x 120 mm x 1.6 mm. Thus, it is suitable for RFID portable reader applications

Microsatellite marker assisted molecular and morpho-physiological genetic diversity assessment in 38 genotypes of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Identification of genetic diversity and their relationships among breeding materials is crucial in crop improvement strategies. In this study, 38 sesame genotypes were characterized for their genetic diversity. The results revealed significant variations among various traits such as plant height, maturity, capsule plant-1 and seeds capsule-1. The number of capsule plant-1 showed significant positive correlation with seeds capsule-1. The highest heritability was found for the numbers of capsules plant-1 (98.67%). The 38 genotypes were separated into six distinct clusters. Comparison within the populations of the cluster IV and those of cluster VI had the highest capsules plant-1, seeds capsule-1 with enormous genetic diversity. For molecular characterization, 7 microsatellite markers and 5 SSR primers with polymorphism were finally chosen for genetic diversity analysis. Altogether, 19 alleles were identified among the 38 genotypes, and the average number of alleles per locus was 3.80. The lowest and the highest numbers of alleles were 3 and 5, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.3201 to 0.5934 and SI-ssr30 showed to be highest at 0.5934. The UPGMA based clustering depicted a significant variation at molecular level among the sesame genotypes, having a coefficient of similarity between 0.29 and 1.00. The present study confirmed that extensive genetic diversity existed among the sesame genotypes and valuable agronomic traits may result in the development of high yielding genotypes