Method for preserving high conservation value forests in the Prichulym taiga of Tomsk region during logging

The paper presents a method to preserve high conservation value forests in accordance with the international certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in the Prichulym taiga of Tomsk region during logging. The taiga landscapes in the area of Prichulym’e are unique due to natural monuments, reserves, and specially protected natural areas with rare species of animals, birds, plants and valuable coniferous stands. These territories included in the forest fund of Tomsk region demand increased attention and systematic control, especially during logging and timber harvesting. At the first stage of the study, forest areas in the operational forests of the Zyryanskiy forestry in Tomsk region, leased by Sibirles OOO for logging and timber harvesting, were investigated. Based on the results of the study, some forest areas were referred to the category of high conservation value forests in accordance with the above-mentioned voluntary international certification system that implies an important function of protecting habitats of rare and endangered species of animals and plants, including those listed in the Red Book and regionally significant species. In such forests, logging and any type of felling are prohibited. Thus, these areas were conditionally excluded from the list of forests allowed for final felling. The results of the independent monitoring performed by the authors allowed the following conclusion: no violations were found in logging activities of Sibirles OOO that leased the parts of the forest in Zyryanskiy district for logging and timber harvesting. On the one hand, such joint activities and monitoring are economically costly; on the other hand, they are important and significant for further identification of the places abundant in unique flora and fauna

Разработка тематических планов дисциплины "Компьютерные технологии в научных исследованиях" на основе моделей классов компетенций

When designing thematic plans of disciplines, the interrelation among competencies in the areas of student training is not taken into account, which leads to didactic and economic risks. To minimize these risks, it is proposed to use competency classes, which are a tool for combining competencies according to their meaning. Through the example of the discipline "Computer technologies in scientific research", an algorithm for constructing competency class models for the formation of thematic plans of disciplines is considered. The results of the research are implemented at the South Ural State University and the South Ural State University of Humanities and Pedagogy. They are used in the preparation of Masters in the economic and technical areas of training. The software implementation of the described algorithm for designing thematic discipline plans on the basis of competency class models will make it possible to eliminate a subjective approach and minimize economic and didactic risks. It is planned to introduce this program for various disciplines and areas of training.Al diseñar planes temáticos de disciplinas, no se tiene en cuenta la interrelación entre competencias en las áreas de capacitación de los estudiantes, lo que conlleva riesgos didácticos y económicos. Para minimizar estos riesgos, se propone utilizar clases de competencia, que son una herramienta para combinar competencias de acuerdo con su significado. A través del ejemplo de la disciplina "Tecnologías informáticas en la investigación científica", se considera un algoritmo para construir modelos de clase de competencia para la formación de planes temáticos de disciplinas. Los resultados de la investigación se implementan en la South Ural State University y la South Ural State University of Humanities and Pedagogy. Se utilizan en la preparación de maestrías en las áreas económicas y técnicas de capacitación. La implementación del software del algoritmo descrito para diseñar planes de disciplina temáticos sobre la base de modelos de clase de competencia permitirá eliminar un enfoque subjetivo y minimizar los riesgos económicos y didácticos. Está previsto presentar este programa para diversas disciplinas y áreas de capacitación.При проектировании тематических планов дисциплин не учитывается взаимосвязь компетенций направлений подготовки студентов, что приводит к дидактическим и экономическим рискам. Для минимизации экономических и дидактических рисков предложено использовать классы компетенций, которые представляют собой инструмент для объединения компетенций по смыслу. На примере дисциплины «Компьютерные технологии в научных исследованиях» рассмотрен алгоритм построения моделей классов компетенций для формирования тематических планов дисциплин. Результаты исследования внедрены в Южно-Уральском государственном университете и в Южно-Уральском государственном гуманитарно-педагогическом университете. Они используются при подготовке магистров экономических и технических направлений подготовки. Программная реализация описанного алгоритма планирования тематических планов дисциплин на основе моделей классов компетенций позволит устранить субъективный подход и минимизировать экономические и дидактические риски. Планируется внедрение данной программы для различных дисциплин и направлений подготовки

Mechanisms of innate immunity in pathogenesis of psoriasis: approaches to targeted therapy

Psoriasis is a chronic auto-inflammatory, genetically determined dermatosis, being multifactorial by origin, characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermis, affected keratinocyte differentiation and inflammatory reaction in dermis. The disease is characterized by a tendency to spread over the area of lesion, and involvement of articular tissue in the pathological process, which significantly affects the living standards of patients and causes their disability. There are many provoking factors that contribute to occurrence of psoriasis, or progression of existing psoriatic process in individuals with a genetic predisposition. These factors include adverse climatic conditions, skin trauma, exposure to ultraviolet light, burns, infections, etc.This review describes the role of innate immunity in pathogenesis of psoriasis, and describes in detail the mechanisms involved into induction of inflammation of PAMPs and DAMPs. In psoriasis, positively charged catelicidin is considered one of the most important DAMPs, which can form a complex with negatively charged cell polyanions-LL-37/auto-RNA and LL-37/auto-DNA. The interaction of PAMP/DAMP ligands with specific PRR receptors leads to signal activation of effector components of immune system, i.e., assembly of inflammasome complex, caspase activation, synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and processing of their immature forms. The review focuses on the role of TLRs under the conditions of physiological norm, which recognize danger signals and provide protection from pathogens and their timely elimination, and in development of pathological process. Activation of TLRs induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferons and antimicrobial peptides, chemokines that support the development of psoriatic inflammation.In addition to TLRs, the mechanisms of involvement of inflammasomes in the development of psoriasis, which provides processing of mature forms of IL-1β and IL-18, are described in detail. Mature forms of these cytokines mediate the development of inflammation in psoriatic focus. In addition, processing of these cytokines by caspases using the positive feedback mechanism provides an additional signal to activate transcriptional activity of their genes and contributes to perpetuated inflammation.The review presents data confirming participation of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Much attention is paid to description of pharmacological inhibitors of inflammasomes, which in the future may be the drugs of choice for treatment of inflammatory diseases. The study of molecular mechanisms of the innate immune system will reveal new approaches to prognosis and development of targeted therapy for psoriasis

Role of antimicrobial peptide DEFB126 mutation in pathogenesis of male idiopathic infertility

Male infertility is a multifactorial disease, and elucidation of etiopathogenetic mechanisms of its progression is a topical issue. High percentage of the “idiopathic infertility” diagnosis is largely cased by inability to establish etiology of decrease in reproductive spermatic function. Mutation of в-defensin DEFB126 gene is supposed to affect the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa at different levels: it may decrease their ability to migrate through the cervical mucus and reduce binding capacity to epithelial layer of upper female reproductive tract, and it may also increase susceptibility for infections of reproductive tract, due to impairment of local protective function of defensins. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine possible role of rs11468374 gene polymorphism of the DEFB126 gene in pathogenesis of male idiopathic infertility. Patients and methods: The group of patient with decreased fertility included 54 male subjects, ages 34 to 42, with a control group of 19 ejaculate donors without acute or chronic disease aged 28 to 36. The indicators of sperm motility in the Moscow population were compared with individual levels of DEFB126 gene expression, as well as with estimated distribution frequency of rs11468374 alleles and genotypes among the subjects.As compared with the control group, the infertile patients exhibited a more than seven-fold reduction of DEFB126 gene expression. Analysis of distribution frequency for alleles and genotypes rs11468374 polymorphic marker of the DEFB126 gene revealed that the mutant allele is detected almost twice as often in males with infertility, as compared with control group. No cases with the DEFB126 del/del genotype were found among the control group, in contrary to 16.1% in the group of patients. The patients with DEFB126 del/del genotype exhibited 5.2-fold reduction of sperm motility. Thus, the data obtained may be used to extend our knowledge on the pathogenetic mechanisms of male idiopathic infertility and to improve techniques for its diagnostics, as well as to provide personalized approach to the treatment of male reproductive disorders. The association between carriage of del mutant allele and decreased level of sperm motility suggests a role of this polymorphism in pathogenesis of male infertility. A general decrease in the level of DEFB126 gene expression in the patients affected by infertility also presumes a contribution of defensin 126 to pathogenesis of the disorder

Concept of Planned Formation of Professional Competences By Use of Training Software Tools

В статье рассматриваются возможности использования технологий активного обучения для формирования профессиональной компетентности будущего специалистов по техническому обслуживанию и ремонту автомобилей.The article discusses the possibilities of using active learning technologies to form the professional competence of future car maintenance and repair specialists

Photochemistry of Furyl- and Thienyldiazomethanes: Spectroscopic Characterization of Triplet 3-Thienylcarbene

Photolysis (λ \u3e 543 nm) of 3-thienyldiazomethane (1), matrix isolated in Ar or N2 at 10 K, yields triplet 3-thienylcarbene (13) and α-thial-methylenecyclopropene (9). Carbene 13 was characterized by IR, UV/vis, and EPR spectroscopy. The conformational isomers of 3-thienylcarbene (s-E and s-Z) exhibit an unusually large difference in zero-field splitting parameters in the triplet EPR spectrum (|D/hc| = 0.508 cm–1, |E/hc| = 0.0554 cm–1; |D/hc| = 0.579 cm–1, |E/hc| = 0.0315 cm–1). Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) calculations reveal substantially differing spin densities in the 3-thienyl ring at the positions adjacent to the carbene center, which is one factor contributing to the large difference in D values. NBO calculations also reveal a stabilizing interaction between the sp orbital of the carbene carbon in the s-Z rotamer of 13 and the antibonding σ orbital between sulfur and the neighboring carbon—an interaction that is not observed in the s-E rotamer of 13. In contrast to the EPR spectra, the electronic absorption spectra of the rotamers of triplet 3-thienylcarbene (13) are indistinguishable under our experimental conditions. The carbene exhibits a weak electronic absorption in the visible spectrum (λmax = 467 nm) that is characteristic of triplet arylcarbenes. Although studies of 2-thienyldiazomethane (2), 3-furyldiazomethane (3), or 2-furyldiazomethane (4) provided further insight into the photochemical interconversions among C5H4S or C5H4O isomers, these studies did not lead to the spectroscopic detection of the corresponding triplet carbenes (2-thienylcarbene (11), 3-furylcarbene (23), or 2-furylcarbene (22), respectively)

The unusual cause of stroke: Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistula

Based on the data available in the literature and their own experience, the authors give current views on the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical presentations, and treatments of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), one of the unusual causes of stroke. The paper describes a young male patient with the lobar localization of the focus, a concurrence of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. It is stated that the early emergence and persistence of a considerable focus should alert the physician to the possibility of DAVF or another venous anomaly. An emphasis is laid on the leading role of multimodal imaging protocols in the early diagnosis of the disease. Selective cerebral angiography of the internal and external carotid and vertebral arteries is today the gold standard for the diagnosis and classification of DAVF

Eribulin-trastuzumab combination in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: updated results from a Russian observational study

Introduction. The standard of 1st line treatment of HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is double blockade with trastuzumab and pertuzumab + taxane, 2nd line – Trastuzumab-emtazine. There are no standards for further treatment, as well as the optimal drug sequence. Expansion of the arsenal of therapeutic possibilities and the use of new combinations will certainly improve the results of treatment of this category of patients and increase their life expectancy.Aim. We sought to describe treatment patterns of  eribulin  and clinical outcomes of  metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer treated with eribulin  plus trastuzumab combination in  academic institutions and community oncology practices across the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Patients treated with eribulin anytime between Jan, 2014 and Sep, 2019 with a diagnosis of MBC were identified by 23 providers from Russia. Providers retrospectively reviewed the health records and abstracted selected data points into an electronic case report form for each eligible patient.Results. 100 HER2-positive pts received eribulin in combination with trastuzumab. Median age was 55 (31–80) yrs and ECOG status 0–3. 67% pts had visceral metastases. Eribulin was administered as 1st and 2nd line to 23 (23%) pts, 3rd line to 31 (31%) pts, 4th line and later to 46 (46%). Median number of cycles was 5 (2–27). ORR was 12%, SD – 72%, SD > 6 months – 23%, PD – 16%. Clinical efficacy rate achieved in 35%. Median PFS was 5.07 months (95% CI 4.021–6.119). According to the ER-status the response to eribulin and trastuzumab was different. ORR was 18.8%, SD 72.9% in pts with ER-positive MBC (n = 48) and 5.8% and 71.2% respectively in ER-negative MBC (n = 52). Median PFS was 6.97 months (95% CI 3.924–10.016) in pts with ER-positive MBC and 4.67 months (95% CI 3.841–5.499) in ER-negative MBC (р = 0.3). The combination was well tolerated: dose reductions were required in 12% pts, withdrawal due to toxicity in 4% pts. The most common type of toxicity was hematological with neutropenia Gr III-IV in 14 (14%) pts. Peripheral neuropathy Gr III was observed in 5 (5%) pts. No cardiotoxicity was detected.Conclusions. This is the real-life data of clinical outcomes for patients receiving eribulin plus trastuzumab for HER2-positive MBC throughout the Russian Federation. Our experience with eribulin plus trastuzumab demonstrates that this combination may be a potential effective treatment option for HER-2 positive MBC patients