Peran peer counselor sebagai Agent of Change dalam perilaku Anti Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak

Perlindungan pada anak yang menyeluruh dapat mencakup kesehatan fisik, psikis, maupun sosial (Kemenkes, 2010). Kesehatan fisik artinya anak terbebas dari penyakit infeksi (seperti diare, thypoid) maupun penyakit non infeksi (seperti anemia). Kesehatan psikis dan sosial (psikososial) artinya anak terbebas dari perilaku meminum minuman keras, tawuran, tidak menghormati guru sampai melakukan pergaulan bebas dengan lawan jenis.Masalah psikososial pada anak menjadi hal yang perlu diperhatikan secara khusus, terutama anak usia sekolah. KPAI (2018) menyajikan data tahun 2016 sebagai berikut: anak sebagai pelaku pada kekerasan fisik berjumlah 62 anak, dengan korban 84 anak; anak sebagai pelaku pada kekerasan psikis berjumlah 23 anak, dengan korban 37 anak; sedangkan anak sebagai pelaku pada kekerasan sosial berjumlah 86 anak, dengan korban 120 anak. Angka tersebut cukup memprihatinkan karena terjadi di negara yang mayoritas muslim

THE USE OF 2% CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE (CHG) AS A DAILY BATHING TO REDUCE BACTEREMIA IN CHILDREN WITH CRITICAL ILLNESS AT PICU/NICU

Background: Bacteremia frequently occurs because of nosocomial infection that actually could be preventable. In children who are hospitalized ussually have a higher risk to experience it. Especially in children with critical illness at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at which the state of children to get an indication of central venous catheters (CVC). Objective: To analyze the use of 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) as a daily bathing treatment to reduce bacteremia in critically ill children in the PICU/NICU. Discussion: The study of the use 2% CHG as a daily bathing treatment for critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit has been carried out. However, only performed in adult patients. Developing research conducted in children, this study recommends the use of 2% CHG as a daily bathing treatment can be used in selected patients in the NICU when there is an effort by other measures, but still failed to reduce the incidence of CLABSI. Conclusions: Implementation of recommendations will involve approval by the appropriate organizational structure in charge of monitoring the evolution of the practice. Need staff whom known the instructions on the use of CHG to develop procedures daily bathing with 2% CHG in intensive care and decrease the incidence of bacteremia,.Keywords: Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Daily Bathing, Bacteremia in children, PICU/NICU

STUDI DESKRIPTIF KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT BERDASARKAN INDEX OHI-S DAN DMFT/def-t PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI WILAYAH RURAL

Latar belakang: Menyikat gigi dengan benar merupakan salah satu contoh perilaku proaktif. Budaya menyikat gigi dengan benar yang dilakukan oleh setiap individu akan mampu meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Budaya tersebut dapat menurunkan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut akibat terbentuknya plak, kalkulus, maupun adanya karies gigi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak usia sekolah yang berada di kawasan rural berdasarkan index OHI-S dan DMFT/def-t. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Identifikasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut menggunakan index OHI-S dan DMFT/def-t yang dilakukan oleh dokter gigi. Populasi anak di SD N Kembangarum 4 dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini (total sampling). Hasil: Nilai rerata index OHI-S adalah 1,4263 (tingkat kebersihan sedang) dalam rentang 1,1973 – 1,6553 pada 95% CI. Rerata index DMFT/def-t adalah 3,54 (kesehatan gigi dalam kategori sedang) dalam rentang 2,88 – 4,2 pada 95% CI. Pembahasan: Penilaian kesehatan gigi dan mulut melalui index OHI-S maupun DMFT/def-t berada dalam kategori sedang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kesehatan gigi dan mulut belum sesuai dengan harapan WHO. SD N Kembangarum 4 Demak merupakan institusi sekolah yang berada di Kawasan rural dengan keterbatasan fasilitas yang tersedia di lingkup sekolah. Selain itu minimnya kesadaran untuk menyikat gigi dengan benar juga dialami oleh sebagian siswa/i. Simpulan: Prevalensi kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak dalam tingkat sedang. Saran: Diperlukan intervensi melalui metode menarik untuk meningkatkan kesehatan gigi dan mulut

Analyzing Journal “Plastic Bags to Prevent Hypothermia in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants” as Viewed in Transcultural Nursing Practice

This article analyzes journal related to hypothermia in neonates, which is a serious problem in both developed and developing countries. Heat loss through evaporation is the main cause of hypothermia in newborns during the first 30 minutes of life. There have been many studies regarding the use of plastic bags or polyethylene which is estimated to be able to reduce heat loss through evaporation, IWL, and metabolic requirements for heat production. Journal essence: Laying premature infants or LBW on plastic bags at birth compared to standard thermoregulation treatments can reduce the incidence of hypothermia without causing hypothermia, it is cheap, and does not require modern equipment. Discussion: Safety and effectiveness of using plastic bags have been tested to prevent hypothermia during neonatal resuscitation at LBW. There were no differences in axillary temperature or incubator temperature in the two groups that used plastic bags with or without previous drying.Recommendation: The culture of using plastic bag in Indonesia needs to be reduced. Plastic bag can be more useful to prevent hypothermia. Keywords: Plastic bag, hypothermia, preterm, transcultural nursin

UJI BEDA EFEK GUIDED IMAGERY DAN ETHYL CHLORIDE TERHADAP NYERI SAAT PEMASANGAN INFUS PADA ANAK

AbstrakPemasangan infus merupakan tindakan invasif awal yang seringkali dilakukan di Instalansi Gawat Darurat (IGD) guna memenuhi kebutuhan cairan dan elektrolit. Tindakan tersebut dapat menyebabkan nyeri pada anak. Nyeri yang tidak ditangani dapat mengakibatkan dampak yang serius, baik jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Perawat perlu menggunakan metode yang tepat untuk mengurangi nyeri pada anak saat pemasangan infus guna meminimalkan dampak tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan antara intervensi guided imagery dan ethyl chloride  terhadap skor nyeri anak saat pemasangan infus. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian semu (quasi experiment) dengan postest kelompok kontrol nonekuivalen (after only onequivalent control group design). Jumlah total responden 30 anak yang diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Skor nyeri diukur dengan Wong-Baker face pain rating scale dan dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji post hoc Mann-whitney. Hasil menunjukkan nilai ρ sebesar  0,530 (ρ0,05) artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan skor nyeri yang bermakna antara kedua intervensi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Guided imagery dapat dijadikan alternatif penatalaksanaan nyeri non farmakologi dan non invasif  pada anak saat pemasangan infus di IGD. Abstract The infusion procedures are the first invasive treatment conducted in Emergency Room (ER) to fullfil the need of fluid and electrolyte. Those treatments can cause pain on children. The untreated pain can cause any serious effect, both in short term and long term. Nurses need to use the appropriate  method to decrease the pain on children when infusion is installed to decrease those effects. This study is aimed to analyze the differences of children pain score when having infusion procedures with guided imagery and ethyl chloride intervention. This study used quasi experimental study  with 30 children as  participants by using non equivalent control group design. The group was taken by using consecutive sampling technique. The data was collected by using Wong-Baker face pain rating scale and analyzed by post hoc Mann-Whitney test. The result showed that ρ value were 0,530 (ρ0,05), of which can be concluded that there is no significant difference on the two interventions. Guided imagery could be used as an alternative pain management for non farmachology and non invasive on children when having the  infusion procedures at ER.

Gambaran Skor Nyeri Anak Saat Pemasangan Infus Dengan Intervensi Guided Imagery dan Ethyl Chloride

AbstrakPemasangan infus merupakan tindakan invasif awal yang seringkali dilakukan di Instalansi Gawat Darurat (IGD) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan cairan dan elektrolit. Perawat perlu menggunakan metode yang tepat untuk mengurangi nyeri hebat pada anak saat pemasangan infus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan skor nyeri anak saat pemasangan infus dengan intervensi guided imagery dan ethyl chloride. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pre-eksperimental post-test design  dengan 30 anak sebagai responden yang diambil melalui consecutive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan Wong-Baker face pain rating scale dan dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji post hoc Mann-whitney. Hasil menunjukkan nilai ρ sebesar 0,530 (ρ0,05) artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua intervensi. Guided imagery dapat dijadikan alternatif penatalaksanaan nyeri pada anak saat pemasangan infus di IGD. Kata kunci: Ethyl chloride, Guided imagery, Nyeri pada anak, Pemasangan infus AbstractIntravenous catheter insertion procedure is the first invasive treatment in Emergency Room (ER) to fullfil the need of fluid and electrolyte. Nurses need to used the right method to decrease pain in children underwent IV insertion procedure. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences of children pain score when  they had IV insertion with guided imagery and ethyl chloride intervention. This study used pre-experimental post-test treatment with 30 children as a participant by consecutive sampling technique  The data was collected using Wong-Baker face pain rating scale and analyzed by post hoc Mann-Whitney test. The result showed that ρ value was  0,530 (ρ0,05), in which can be concluded that there was  no significant differences on two intervention. Guided imagery could be used as an alternative pain management on children when they had IV insertion procedure  at ER. Keywords: ethyl chloride, guided imagery, pain in children, procedure of infusion

How Does Birth Weight Affect the Development of Preschool Children? A Cross-Sectional Study

Child development needs to regularly monitored to know that children are developing according to their age stage. A history of low birth weight (LBW) can increase the risk of impaired child development, but it is worth noting that child development is determined by many factors, one of which is the environment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between history of LBW and the development of preschool age children (aged 3-5 years). This was a descriptive correlation study with a cross-sectional design. 80 children of the total 100 population were involved, which consisted of preschool children in a rural village in Indonesia. There were 29 children (36.3%) with a history of LBW who were at an appropriate developmental stage, and nine children (11.3%) were at a doubtful developmental stage. There were 31 children (38.8%) who did not have a history of LBW who were at an appropriate developmental stage and 11 (13.8%) who were at a doubtful developmental stage. The p-value obtained was 0.779. Therefore, there was no relationship between a history of LBW and the development of preschool age children (aged 3-5 years). A higher proportion of children with a history of normal birth were at a doubtful developmental stage than of those with a history of LBW. In addition, we found that the majority of boys aged four years required strong stimulation in gross motor skill development. Developmental optimization through play stimulation should be done in all areas of child development regardless of birth weight history. Keywords: birth weight history, child development, preschool ag

Menurunkan Skala Nyeri Bayi Prematur melalui Facilitated Tucking disertai ‘Hadir-Berbicara’ sebagai Upaya Penerapan Teori Comfort Kolcaba

Premature infants had been experience of pain in neonatal ward that occur each day during treatment. Nurse need to do an intervention for reduce the scale of pain on premature infants. Pain management have to do at birth because of the repeated painful procedures in early life can affect the development of central nerve system permanently. The objective of this study was to describe the application of Kolcaba Comfort’s theory through facilitated tucking accompanied with ‘being with-talking to’ techniques in premature’s infant at high risk infant care. The method that used was case study by applying the four contexts of comfort’s experience associated with the three types of comfort based on Kolcaba Comfort’s theory in providing nursing care on five premature infants who have some painful procedures. The nursing intervention through facilitated tucking accompanied by ‘being with-talking to’ based on the principles of Kolcaba Comfort’s theory gave a positive result against premature infants’s comfort level. Four from five premature infants are in the level of transcendence which is a type of supreme comfort after the ease and relief. Kolcaba Comfort’s theory can be applied within the scope of neonatal care due in accordance with the developmental care of the infants and could reduce the scale of pain

Kejadian Sibling Rivalry Pada Anak Usia Sekolah

Pendahuluan: Adanya persaingan saudara kandung atau disebut juga sibling rivalry dapat dipengaruhi beberapa hal, yaitu perbedaan jenis kelamin, perbedaan usia, urutan kelahiran dan pola asuh otoriter orang tua. Metodologi: jenis penelitian analitik observasional dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Jumlah responden 118 dengan teknik total sampling. Hasil: 3 faktor bernilai signifikan dengan ρ values 0,016 untuk perbedaan jenis kelamin pada 22 responden, ρ values 0,000 untuk perbedaan usia < 3 tahun pada 36 responden, dan ρ values 0,001 untuk pola asuh otoriter orang tua pada 38 responden, sedangkan 1 faktor tidak bernilai signifikan ρ values0,459 untuk urutan kelahiran (anak sulung) pada 28 responden. Diskusi: Diperlukan intervensi yang nyata untuk menurunkan kejadian sibling rivalry pada anak usia sekolah.Kata kunci : pola asuh otoriter, sibling rivalr