Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19

COVID-19 pandemic is recognized as a present day major public health burden. Risk factors for developing a more severe course of COVID-19 include increased levels of C-reactive protein and D-dimer. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is challenging in patients with COVID-19. The purpose: to analyze clinical and paraclinical manifestations of PE in patients with COVID-19 in order to develop a system for its early diagnosis, prediction of complications, prevention and treatment. 52 patients aged 28 - 81 y.o. with a diagnosis "Acute respiratory disease COVID-19" have been examined during 2020-2021. (98.08±1.9)% of PE patients had a history of one or more comorbidities, including obesity (80.77%), coronary heart disease (96.15%), hypertension (98.08%), peripheral arteries (92.3%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (48.08%). Evaluation of laboratory parameters revealed increasing lymphocytopenia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia (p<0.05). Biochemical parameters showed high CRP, increase in creatinine, decrease in glomerular filtration rate (p<0.05). A direct relationship was found between overweight and an increase in the content of C-RP in COVID-19 and PE patients. Conclusions: age over 65, hypertension and obesity are risk factors for severe course of COVID-19 and PE

Evaluation of Investment Projects in Undeveloped Markets

Using the example of a diversified industrial enterprise, there developed an approach to evaluating the prospects of the implementation of an innovation and investment project on manufacturing a product under conditions of an undeveloped sales market as well as associated risks. It is substantiated that the project can be promising due to its social significance manifested in obtaining environmental, social, and environmental effect from it realization. To evaluate alternative investment projects, there developed a methodological approach that implies analysis according to the following scheme: volume of the market for the product, designed capacity and production technology, competitive environment; characteristics of consumers. This will allow to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each of the alternative projects at the initial stage of the study. The effectiveness and expediency of the project implementation should be evaluated by the following indicators: payback period (PP), accounting rate of return (ARR), net present value (NPV), profitability index (PI), discounted payback period (DPP), internal rate of return (IRR). When making the decision about the implementation of a particular project, its social effect as well as the forecast of future cash flows reflecting changes in their value over time with regard to the discount rate should be taken into account. In developing markets, it is most appropriate to take for the discount rate the weighted average cost of capital, which is calculated in accordance with the CAPM model using the central bank discount rate as risk-free rate, and to calculated the risk premium using the methodology developed by A. Damodaran, based on the data on the country’s credit rating by Moody’s. The identification of the main risks of the project is possible by conducting an expert survey providing for the evaluation of importance and probability of occurrence of individual risk. The subjectivity of an expert survey has to be reduced by identifying the main mental traps. A more in-depth study of an impact of each risk has to be conducted by using the VaR concept and analysing the sensitivity of impact of simultaneous two risks to the net present value of the project

Metodología de detección Gliclazida en muestras biológicas

Aim: This research is dedicated to development of a methodology for the determination of gliclazide in biological samples for analytical diagnostics of lethal overdose caused by the drug. Materials and Methods: TLC method: chromatographic plates Merck silica gel 60 F254 10×10 cm in size, mobile phase - ethyl acetate, visualization reagent 1% vanillin solution or 5% solution of chloral hydrate. HPLC method: liquid chromatograph «Milichrom-A-02» with UV detecting (RF); Prontosil-120-5-C18- AQ reverse-phase column Ø2×75 mm in diameter, 5 μm grains (Bischoff Analysetechnik und Geräte GmbH, Germany); Gradient elution with a mixture of two eluents (eluent A – [0.2 M solution LiClO4 – 0.005 M solution of HClO4] and eluent B - acetonitrile); Wavelength 230 nm. Results: Methodology for the determination of gliclazide in biological samples is developed. It includes an effective method of gliclazide isolation from the objects of the study, specific and selective chromatographic detection methods and quantitative determination of toxicity in the extracts that had been received. It was established that while using TLC method gliclazide was assigned an Rf value of 0,48±0,01; detection limit is 3.0 μg. When applying HPLC method gliclazide holding time was 7.80 min (RSD = 0.13%), detection limit was 0.050 μg / ml, limit of the quantitative determination was 0.157 μg/ml, linearity of the procedure was in the range of 0.1-20.0 μg/ml. Under the developed conditions, gliclazide was determined at 17.48 ± 1.32 μg/ml (RSD = 6.06%). Conclusions: Results of the study indicate that methodology for the determination of gliclazide in biological samples that was developed can be used for analytical diagnostics of lethal overdose caused by the drug.Objetivo: Desarrollar un método de detección de gliclazida en muestras biológicas para el diagnóstico analítico de los fallecimientos por sobredosis del fármaco. Materiales y métodos: Método de CCF: placas para cromatografía Merck silica gel 60 F254 de 10×10 cm de tamaño, fase móvil - acetato de etilo, revelador - solución al 1% de vainillina o solución al 5% de hidrato de cloral. Método de HPLC: cromatógrafo líquido «Milihrom-A-02» con detección de UV (Rusia); columna de fase inversa Prontosil-120-5-C18-AQ de Ø2 x 75 mm, con graneado de 5 mm («Bischoff Analysetechnik und Geräte GmbH», Alemania); elución gradiente con una mezcla de dos eluyentes (eluyente A - [0,2 M solución de LiClO4 - solución de HClO 0,005 M4] y eluyente B - acetonitrilo); la longitud de onda es de 230 nm. Resultados y discusión: Se desarrolló una metodología de determinación de la gliclazida en muestras biológicos, que incluye un método eficaz de aislar la gliclazida de los objetos de estudio, unos métodos cromatográficos específicos y selectivos de detección y cuantificación de la sustancia tóxica en los extractos obtenidos. Se constató que al aplicarse el método de CCF la gliclazida ha sido identificada de acuerdo con el valor Rf 0,48±0,01; el límite de detección es de 3,0 μg. Al aplicarse el método de HPLC se constató lo siguiente: el tiempo de retención de la gliclazida es de 7,80 min (RSD=0,13%), el límite de detección es de 0,050 μg/ml, el límite de cuantificación es de 0,157 μg/ml, la linealidad del método está en el intervalo de 0,1-20,0 μg/ml. En condiciones diseñadas la gliclazida se detectó a un nivel de 17,48±1,32μg/ml (RSD=6,06%). Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que la metodología desarrollada de detección de la gliclazida en muestras biológicos es adecuada para el diagnóstico analítico de los fallecimientos por sobredosis del fármaco.The research work performed in the manuscript is done on the funding of National University of Pharmacy (Ukraine

Профілактична ефективність застосування хелатів мікроелементів під час вирощування сільськогосподарської птиці (огляд)

Trace elements in the body of the bird are in small quantities, but their role in productivity remains important. In order to get a quality carcass at the slaughterhouse, you need a constant supply of nutrients and, last but not least, microelements. Zinc and Manganese are essential trace elements that affect the growth and development of birds. And their deficiency in the body has a negative effect on the productivity of birds. In the diet of broilers trace elements are mainly added with a premix in the form of inorganic salts (sulfates, carbonates). However, these micronutrient compounds in the body of the bird are insufficiently absorbed, and increasing the dose of their introduction can cause toxicosis. Therefore, in order to prevent microelementosis, it is more appropriate to use organic compounds (chelates), which have a much higher level of bioavailability and less release into the environment. This review article describes the prophylactic efficacy of Zinc and Manganese chelates in micronutrient deficiencies in broiler chickens and laying hens. With a deficiency of a particular trace element develop metabolic disorders and other pathologies (perosis, etc.). Based on the presented data, it can be concluded that the use of organic forms of trace elements in poultry feeding is a better alternative to inorganic sources, as they can be used in smaller quantities. But due to their greater bioavailability, they are better absorbed, which has a positive effect on the productivity of broilers. Since knowledge about the use of chelated forms of trace elements in comparison with inorganic forms (salts, sulfates, etc.) in the diet of poultry is still poorly understood, it is necessary to further conduct research to prevent micronutrient deficiencies in these compounds.Мікроелементи в тілі птиці знаходяться у невеликій кількості, але їх роль в продуктивності залишається важливою. Для того, щоб отримати на забої якісну тушку потрібне постійне надходження поживних речовин та не в останній мірі мікроелементів. Цинк та манган відносяться до ессенціальних мікроелементів, які впливають на ріст та розвиток птиці. А дефіцит їх в організмі негативно відображається на продуктивності птиці. В раціон бройлерів мікроелементи в основному додають з преміксом у вигляді неорганічних солей (сульфатів, карбонатів). Проте, ці сполуки мікроелементів в організмі птиці засвоюються недостатньо, а підвищення дози їх введення може викликати токсикоз. Тому, з метою профілактики полімікроелементозів доцільніше застосовувати органічні сполуки (хелати), в яких значно вищий рівень біодоступності та менше виділення в навколишнє середовище. В даній оглядовій статті описана профілактична ефективність застосування хелатів цинку та мангану за дефіциту мікроелементів у курчат-бройлерів та курей несучок. Мікроелементи є важливими складовими в раціоні курчат-бройлерів та курей-несучок. За дефіциту того чи іншого мікроелементу розвиваються порушення обміну речовин та інші патології (пероз і т.д.). На основі представлених даних можна зробити висновок, що використання органічних форм мікроелементів у годівлі птиці є кращою альтернативою неорганічним джерелам, оскільки їх можна використовувати в меншій кількості. Та через свою більшу біодоступність вони краще засвоюються, що позитивно впливає на продуктивність бройлерів. Оскільки знання про використання хелатних форм мікроелементів у порівнянні з неорганічними формами (солями, сульфатами і т.д.) в раціоні птиці все ще мало вивчені, необхідно подальше проводити дослідження в напрямку профілактики дефіциту мікроелементів даними сполуками

Circadian Kinetics of Cell Cycle Progression in Adult Neurogenic Niches of a Diurnal Vertebrate

The circadian system may regulate adult neurogenesis via intracellular molecular clock mechanisms or by modifying the environment of neurogenic niches, with daily variation in growth factors or nutrients depending on the animal's diurnal or nocturnal lifestyle. In a diurnal vertebrate, zebrafish, we studied circadian distribution of immunohistochemical markers of the cell division cycle (CDC) in 5 of the 16 neurogenic niches of adult brain, the dorsal telencephalon, habenula, preoptic area, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. We find that common to all niches is the morning initiation of G1/S transition and daytime S-phase progression, overnight increase in G2/M, and cycle completion by late night. This is supported by the timing of gene expression for critical cell cycle regulators cyclins D, A2, and B2 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p20 in brain tissue. The early-night peak in p20, limiting G1/S transition, and its phase angle with the expression of core clock genes, Clock1 and Per1, are preserved in constant darkness, suggesting intrinsic circadian patterns of cell cycle progression. The statistical modeling of CDC kinetics reveals the significant circadian variation in cell proliferation rates across all of the examined niches, but interniche differences in the magnitude of circadian variation in CDC, S-phase length, phase angle of entrainment to light or clock, and its dispersion. We conclude that, in neurogenic niches of an adult diurnal vertebrate, the circadian modulation of cell cycle progression involves both systemic and niche-specific factors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study establishes that in neurogenic niches of an adult diurnal vertebrate, the cell cycle progression displays a robust circadian pattern. Common to neurogenic niches located in diverse brain regions is daytime progression of DNA replication and nighttime mitosis, suggesting systemic regulation. Differences between neurogenic niches in the phase and degree of S-phase entrainment to the clock suggest additional roles for niche-specific regulatory mechanisms. Understanding the circadian regulation of adult neurogenesis can help optimize the timing of therapeutic approaches in patients with brain traumas or neurodegenerative disorders and preserve neural stem cells during cytostatic cancer therapies

Galactic Rotation Parameters from Data on Open Star Clusters

Currently available data on the field of velocities Vr, Vl, Vb for open star clusters are used to perform a kinematic analysis of various samples that differ by heliocentric distance, age, and membership in individual structures (the Orion, Carina--Sagittarius, and Perseus arms). Based on 375 clusters located within 5 kpc of the Sun with ages up to 1 Gyr, we have determined the Galactic rotation parameters Wo =-26.0+-0.3 km/s/kpc, W'o = 4.18+-0.17 km/s/kpc^2, W''o=-0.45+-0.06 km/s/kpc^3, the system contraction parameter K = -2.4+-0.1 km/s/kpc, and the parameters of the kinematic center Ro =7.4+-0.3 kpc and lo = 0+-1 degrees. The Galactocentric distance Ro in the model used has been found to depend significantly on the sample age. Thus, for example, it is 9.5+-0.7 kpc and 5.6+-0.3 kpc for the samples of young (50 Myr) clusters, respectively. Our study of the kinematics of young open star clusters in various spiral arms has shown that the kinematic parameters are similar to the parameters obtained from the entire sample for the Carina-Sagittarius and Perseus arms and differ significantly from them for the Orion arm. The contraction effect is shown to be typical of star clusters with various ages. It is most pronounced for clusters with a mean age of 100 Myr, with the contraction velocity being Kr = -4.3+-1.0 km/s.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

Specifics of the Verbs of the Emotional State Lexical Compatibility in Regional Prose

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the lexical compatibility of verbs with the meaning of the emotional state, recorded in the texts of the writers of the Lower Volga region - B. P. Ekimov and E. A. Kulkin. On the basis of the contextual and structural-semantic analysis of verbal lexemes with the meanings of being in an emotional state, bringing to an emotional state, becoming an emotional state, their functional potential in literary texts is revealed. The role of these language units as means representing the inner world of a person and the connection of characters with the surrounding reality is substantiated. The specific features of the lexical compatibility of the verbs of the emotional state in fiction are characterized: (1) violation of the usual lexical compatibility in cases when writers resort to a metonymic transference; (2) combinations with inanimate nouns denoting the bearer of an emotional state; (3) constructions with abstract nouns with emotive semantics; (4) combinations with adverb distributors that implement semantics uncharacteristic of them. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the combined abilities of individual author's verbal tokens. It is noted that dialectic and occasional verbal emotives in the analyzed works exhibit the valency inherent in normal verbs

ЩОДО ПАРАДИГМИ ПОЄДНАННЯ СИСТЕМНО-БІОЛОГІЧНИХ І СИСТЕМНО-МЕДИЧНИХ УЯВЛЕНЬ ДЛЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ НОВОГО ПОГЛЯДУ НА ДІАГНОСТИКУ ТА ЛІКУВАННЯ ІШЕМІЧНОЇ ХВОРОБИ СЕРЦЯ

The possibilities of creating an intellectual bridge between the data of systemic biology and systemic medicine are explored. It is shown that creation of imitation models in silico are required to determine the role of trigger reactions, trigger cascades in the appearance of pathology. It is necessary to structure the accumulated medical knowledge, build ontological models of knowledge of different levels.Исследованы возможности создания интеллектуального моста между данными системной биологии и системной медицины. Показано, что требуют создания имитационные модели in silico для определения роли триггерных реакций, триггерных каскадов в возникновении патологии. Необходима структуризация накопленных медицинских знаний, построение онтологических моделей знаний разного уровня.Досліджено можливості створення інтелектуального мосту між даними системної біології та системної медицини. Показано, що потребують створення імітаційні моделі in silico для визначення ролі тригерних реакцій, тригерних каскадів у виникненні патології. Необхідна структуризація накопичених медичних знань, побудова онтологічних моделей знань різного рівня