Climate Parameter Variability and Health

Over the past 50 years, human activities such as burning fossil fuels have released huge quantities of greenhouse gases, which have trapped additional heat in the lower layers of atmosphere, changed global climate and led to more intense and frequent weather events. The overall health effects of climate change are likely to be extremely negative. Climate change affects social and environmental factors related to health, such as drinking water, food and shelter. It also imposes new disease and mortality on human populations. Extreme high temperatures increase deaths from trauma, diabetes, mental disorders and cardiovascular, respiratory and renal disease. As the number of weather‐related natural disasters increase every year, these disasters result in more deaths and slams the basic living need of people, mainly in developing countries. Intense rainfall and flood, ruin agricultural land, contaminate freshwater supplies, increase the risk of waterborne diseases, and create breeding grounds for disease‐carrying insects and increase the incidence of infectious diseases. All populations will be affected by climate change, but some are more vulnerable than others. Areas with weak health infrastructure, low socioeconomic status and elderly populations especially in developing countries will be the least able to cope with the hazardous effects of climate change

Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Joints

Self-adhesive materials are called, in the adhesive industry, pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). PSAs are designed in the shapes of latex, solvent borne resin, rubber solution, or hot melt and are being used for foils and films, tapes, labels, and notepads which can make permanent, removable, or semi-removable adhesive joints for applications of general purpose product assembly by simple contact under light pressure. This special class of adhesives does not undergo any physical transformation or chemical reaction during the bonding process. The end-use properties of PSAs result from the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of the adhesive material, and the elastomeric polymer basis of PSAs imparts them such a viscoelastic behavior caused by a carefully chosen polymer architecture and monomer composition with the proper addition of small molecules called tackifying resins. They are safe to use and easy to handle and thus are increasingly replacing more conventional types of adhesives. In this chapter, we review adhesion mechanism of PSAs, types of PSAs, adhesion properties and tests, mechanical behavior of joints, and especially different aspects of PSA applications

The Effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis Therapy in Children with Autism Spectrum

The present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of applied behavior analysis therapy on eye contact enhancement, stereotypical behaviors and reduction of behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum. The statistic population of research were all of children with autism spectrum in Tabriz city during 2015-16 which 40 of them were selected as available samples and were assigned randomly in experimental and control groups. The pre- test was done at first by using GARS (1994) and ASSQ (1993) questionnaires and ABA therapy was performed on experimental group. Researcher`s self-made therapeutic package was used for therapy and both questionnaires were filled again on control and experimental groups as post- tests. Spss software was used to analyze the data and obtained results of Covariance analysis revealed that applied behavior analysis therapy was essentially effective on eye contact and social interaction enhancement and stereotypical and masochistic behaviors reduction.

Text difficulty effect on metacognitive reading strategy use among EFL learners

Reading is one of the most integral academic skills in learning a foreign language. According to Anderson (2003), it is the interaction of four factors: the reader, the text, fluent reading and strategic reading. A large number of studies have indeed recognized the importance of the metacognitive reading strategies (MRSs) and text difficulty in reading comprehension. However, the effect of text difficulty on the learners' MRSs use has not been paid due attention in the literature. Accordingly, this study, employing a within-subject design, investigated the effects of text difficulty on MRSs use. Sixty Iranian intermediate EFL learners from two private institutes were asked to answer the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory questionnaire (Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002) at three different times, focusing on pre-intermediate (KET), intermediate (PET), and upper intermediate (FCE) texts. To get a better picture of the EFL learners' MRSs, an oral interview was also carried out on 10 participants. The results of the statistical analyses showed that text difficulty had significant effect on metacognitive reading strategy use with problem-solving strategies being affected most. The interview data revealed that the participants in this study benefited from various MRSs such as planning, summarizing and translating especially when the text was difficult. The implications of the study concern foreign language teaching, teacher training and curriculum design with regard to the selection of appropriate reading materials and methodology for EFL learners. Moreover, EFL instructors need to consider the difficulty level of reading materials so as to trigger the learners’ metacognitive reading strategy use

Contamination with Organophosphate Toxins in Humans in Iran: A Systematic Review

Background: Organophosphate toxins are among chemical toxins that are dangerous for human health. Due to the increasing use of organophosphate compounds in a variety of products such as insecticides and pesticides, as well as easy access to these compounds, a systematic review on the related studies taken place in Iran seemed to be necessary. Methods: In this review, databases including Iranmedex, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and SID were searched for phrases related to organophosphates in both English and Farsi languages and up to April 2013. Only studies which had measured human contamination to these compounds in Iran were included. Results: Totally, 19 articles were found of which 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. According to these studies, organophosphate poisoning mainly happened due to occupational exposure in workers, inadvertently in children, and for suicide purposes in some reports. Conclusion: It seems that a high percentage of poisonings and deaths from these substances is due to lack of consumer awareness awareness about these chemicals and their complications. Therefore, in order to prevent poisoning it is necessary to educate families and related workers

Effects of water hardness and turbidity on growth and fecundity of freshwater Cladoceran, Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820)

Water hardness and turbidity are important parameters in zooplankton culture, especially for Cladoceran affecting growth and reproductive parameters of the plankton. Effects of water hardness and turbidity on growth and fecundity of the Cladoceran, Moina macrocopa, was investigated by culturing and feeding them on green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda. Experimental treatments for hardness were 0, 20, 40 and 80mg/I as CaCO_3 and for turbidity were 0, 20, 40 and 80 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). Experiments were carried out in 500m1 flasks with initial density of 15 individuals per flask in randomized complete block design with three replicates. After 10 days, we found that M macrocopa, had the maximum population density (370.5-365.0 individuals per flask), maximum specific growth rate (SGR) (0.35/day), and the shortest population doubling time (Dt) (1.98 days) at 0 and 20mg/1 CaCO_3, all with significant differences compared to other treatments (P<0.05). In contrast, we observed the maximum population density (296-325.5 individuals per flask) at turbidities of 0 and 20 NTU, maximum SGR (0.33/day) and the shortest Dt (2.10 days) at turbidity of 0 NTU, with significant differences compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The highest fecundity of Al macrocopa was obtained at 213mgil as CaCO_3 and turbidity of 0 NTU which significantly differed with other treatments (P<0.05). Overall, we showed that AI macrocopa in freshwater with hardness less than 20mg/l as CaCO3 and turbidity less than 20 NTU had better growth and fecundity performance. The species can be used to evaluate habitats where water hardness and turbidity is higher. Mass culture of the species based on its growth and reproduction under these optimal conditions could provide suitable zooplanktonic biomass for feeding of fish larvae

Predict to self-injury behavior in men with borderline personality disorder based on their levels of distress tolerance and self-compassion

زمینه و هدف: رفتارهای خود جرحی در مبتلایان به اختلال شخصیت مرزی یکی از علایم مهم این اختلال بوده و با پیامدهای مضر همراه می شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی پیش بینی اقدام به رفتار خود جرحی در مردان مبتلا به اختلال شخصیت مرزی بر اساس سطوح تحمل آشفتگی و دلسوزی به خود انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی بود. کلیه مردان مبتلا به اختلال شخصیت مرزی که در نیمه اول سال 1393 به بخش روان پزشکی بیمارستان امام سجاد (ع) تهران مراجعه کرده بودند، جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر را تشکیل دادند. از بین جامعه آماری فوق، تعداد 94 نفر به روش نمونه گیری غیر احتمالی در دسترس انتخاب شده و بعد از مصاحبه بالینی، پرسشنامه خود آسیبی عمدی و مقیاس های تحمل آشفتگی و دلسوزی به خود را تکمیل کردند. سپس داده های به دست آمده نیز با استفاده از روش همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه با نرم افزار SPSS تحلیل شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد رفتارهای خود جرحی با نمره کلی تحمل آشفتگی (26/0-r=، 012/0&gt;P) و نمره کلی دلسوزی به خود (31/0-r=، 002/0&gt;P) رابطه منفی دارد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نیز نشان داد که 13 از کل واریانس رفتارهای خود جرحی به وسیله تحمل آشفتگی (23/3 F=، 01/0&gt;P) و 31 آن به وسیله دلسوزی به خود (55/6 F=، 001/0&gt;P) پیش بینی می شود. نتیجه گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که عدم تحمل آشفتگی و دلسوزی به خود پایین می تواند رفتارهای خود جرحی را در افراد مبتلا به اختلال شخصیت مرزی پیش بینی کند

Concepts and derivatives of web services

Since the web services are growing rapidly in cloud, service consumers and providers are looking for a means to find better services that satisfy both parties. From both user’s and developer’s perspectives, discovering functional and non-functional characteristics of a web service is essentially considerable. Due to over-coming the above issues many research have been published to improve the usage of web services to satisfy customers. The paper reviews the literature of web services with respect to quality of service (QoS) or non-functional properties, to acquire better understanding of concepts and issues related to QoS web service selecting and discovering processes

What is going on? a systematic review on QoS scenarios

Quality of Service (QoS) is a set of non-functional requirements that could enhance the adoption rate of web services. It is essential to consider the QoS requirements for web services in order to guarantee for quality of web services and attract more users. There are many QoS scenarios such as QoS computation, QoS evaluation, QoS specification, QoS prediction and QoS measurement. In this paper, we prepare a systematic review study to provide a broad vision of primary studies to researchers in QoS scenarios to find the gaps and give the overview to perform researches to fill in the gap. The study focuses on these five most usable digital libraries including the IEEE Explorer,Springer link, ISI web of Knowledge, Emerald, and Science Direct between 2001 and 2012. The result shows that there is an urgent need to do research especially in QoS prediction and QoS computation