Fatalistic: The Land of Sufi and Allah Jey Likhay Khay

Flood has been noted as one of the major natural disaster contributors in the world causing huge suffering to human beings. Majority of flood victims link natural disaster to an act of God, whereas God is punishing human beings because of sins committed by individuals. However, Pakistani society, which is deeply intertwined with religion, hence, its flood related narratives must have impact on its flood experiences. Since present research participants are Kacha farmers from Sindh, province of Pakistan and they are prone to flooding. Thus, present research investigated flood narratives impacted by religious beliefs. This research study employed qualitative research methodology and recorded flood narratives of 31 research participants. This research design is appropriated for current research and subsequently a thematic analysis was performed. The key finding noted that Kacha farmers strongly believe in Sufism, hence they supposed that they are protected by Sufi saints, whose tombs are near flood site. Moreover, they also viewed that floods are God’s wrath upon those individuals who have committed sins and must be punished. These flood narratives contradict with modern flood hazard management practices in the developed countries who firmly argue that any flood disaster is subjected to human act and thus concerned people are accountable. This is sharp contrast with the present finding where Kacha farmers link natural disasters to act of God thus, all related officials and individuals absolve themselves from accountability about flood related management decisions

The Effect of Thermal Perturbation on a Polymer Material’s Tensile Test via Simulation and Experimental Analysis

Polymers are made from pieces of monomer that can be connected into a long chain. Natural rubber is studied in this research. In this research, tensile testing was conducted to the rubber specimen in order to check the heat release from the specimen. A thermocouple device was used to measure the specimen's temperature during tensile testing. The data from the tensile test were used to generate the stress vs strain curve. Computer simulation study was also performed. The results show that the temperature reading from the thermocouple device has increased to prove that there was a heat release from the tensile test. The heat was detected after the specimen’s fracture. The simulation test proved the same phenomena as the experimental test

The Effect of Thermal Perturbation on a Polymer Material’s Tensile Test via Simulation and Experimental Analysis

Polymers are made from pieces of monomer that can be connected into a long chain. Natural rubber is studied in this research. In this research, tensile testing was conducted to the rubber specimen in order to check the heat release from the specimen. A thermocouple device was used to measure the specimen's temperature during tensile testing. The data from the tensile test were used to generate the stress vs strain curve. Computer simulation study was also performed. The results show that the temperature reading from the thermocouple device has increased to prove that there was a heat release from the tensile test. The heat was detected after the specimen’s fracture. The simulation test proved the same phenomena as the experimental test

Impact of exposure to patients with COVID-19 on residents and fellows: An international survey of 1420 trainees

Objectives To determine how self-reported level of exposure to patients with novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) affected the perceived safety, training and well-being of residents and fellows. Methods We administered an anonymous, voluntary, web-based survey to a convenience sample of trainees worldwide. The survey was distributed by email and social media posts from April 20th to May 11th, 2020. Respondents were asked to estimate the number of patients with COVID-19 they cared for in March and April 2020 (0, 1-30, 31-60, >60). Survey questions addressed (1) safety and access to personal protective equipment (PPE), (2) training and professional development and (3) well-being and burnout. Results Surveys were completed by 1420 trainees (73% residents, 27% fellows), most commonly from the USA (n=670), China (n=150), Saudi Arabia (n=76) and Taiwan (n=75). Trainees who cared for a greater number of patients with COVID-19 were more likely to report limited access to PPE and COVID-19 testing and more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Compared with trainees who did not take care of patients with COVID-19, those who took care of 1-30 patients (adjusted OR [AOR] 1.80, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.51), 31-60 patients (AOR 3.30, 95% CI 1.86 to 5.88) and >60 patients (AOR 4.03, 95% CI 2.12 to 7.63) were increasingly more likely to report burnout. Trainees were very concerned about the negative effects on training opportunities and professional development irrespective of the number of patients with COVID-19 they cared for. Conclusion Exposure to patients with COVID-19 is significantly associated with higher burnout rates in physician trainees

Root‐lesion nematodes of potato: current status of diagnostics, pathogenicity and management

Root‐lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are migratory endoparasites with worldwide economic impact on several important crops including potato, where certain species like P. penetrans, P. neglectus and P. scribneri reduce the yield and quality of potato tubers. Morphological identification of Pratylenchus spp. is challenging, and recent advancements in molecular techniques provide robust and rapid diagnostics to differentiate species without need of specialist skills. However, the fact that molecular diagnostics are not available for all Pratylenchus species means that there are limitations in worldwide application. In general, root‐lesion nematodes are difficult to manage once introduced into agricultural land and damage can be related to pathogenicity and population densities. In addition, root‐lesion nematodes interact with fungi such as V. dahliae, resulting in disease complexes that enhance the damage inflicted on the potato crop. Management interventions are often focused on limiting nematode reproduction before planting crops and include the application of nematicides, and cultural practices such as crop rotation, cover crops, biofumigation, and biological control. Understanding the limitations of the available crop protection strategies is important and there are many gaps for further study. This review discusses the status of the diagnosis, distribution, pathogenicity and management of the main species of root‐lesion nematodes, reported to infect potatoes worldwide, and highlights areas for potential future research

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of All Inorganic CsPbIBr2 Light Absorber Layer based Perovskite Solar Cells

In last few years, rapid surge in the construction of perovskite or perovskite like structures based photovoltaic cells have been noticed. Lead Pb halide perovskite materials possess excellent optoelectronic features which make it most significant light absorber layer for the construction of CsPbIBr2 based perovskite solar cells PSCs . In particular, CsPbIBr2 has unique optoelectronic properties and has been considered as a potential candidate for photovoltaic cells. In present work, we have used one dimensional 1 D solar cell capacitance simulator SCAPS to optimize the photovoltaic performance of CsPbIBr2 based PSCs. The optimized simulated PSCs showed excellent efficiency of 14.11 amp; 8201; . Further, we have also fabricated PSCs which showed good efficiency of 10.18 amp; 8201

Association mapping identifies QTLS on wheat chromosome 3A for yield related traits

A panel of 94 diverse hexaploid wheat accessions was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying the yield related traits on chromosome 3A. Population structure and kinships were estimated using unlinked SSR markers from all 21 chromosomes. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among accessions; however, genotype × year interaction was non-significant for majority of yield related traits. A mixed linear model (MLM) approach identified six QTLs for four traits that individually accounted for 10.7 to 17.3% phenotypic variability. All QTLs were consistently observed for both study years. New putative QTLs for the maximum fertile florets per spike and spike length were identified. This report on QTLs for yield related traits on chromosome 3A will extend the existing knowledge and may prove useful in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for development of high yielding cultivars

Budd-Chiari syndrome: long-term effect on outcome with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

BACKGROUND: The long-term outcome of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) is not well studied. To address this, the records of 47 consecutive patients with BCS evaluated in one center from January 1989 to April 2004, were analyzed