WEB Based Applications Testing: Analytical Approach towards Model Based Testing and Fuzz Testing

Web-based applications are complex in the structure which results in facing an immense amount of exploiting attacks, so testing should be done in a proactive way in order to identify threats in the applications. The intruder can explore these security loopholes and may exploit the application which results in economical lose, so testing the application becomes a supreme phase of development.  The main objective of testing is to secure the contents of applications either through static or automatic approach. The software houses usually follow fuzz based testing in which flaws can be explored by randomly inputting invalid data while on the other hand model-based testing is the automated approach which tests the applications from all perspectives on the basis of an abstract model of the application. The main theme of this research is to study the difference between fuzz based testing and MBT in terms of test coverage, performance, cost and time. This research work guides the web application practitioner in the selection of suitable methodology for different testing scenarios which save efforts imparted on testing and develop better and breaches free product.

A NOVEL APPROACH FOR ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION USING GATED CORRECTION METHOD

Data communication is the process of exchanging information between sender and receiver. The basic objective of a communication system is to transmit data which is free of error. Advancement in technology has made various revolutions in data communication, with which come greater chances that the data to be sent becomes corrupted. The data is transferred from various transmission impairments and during this period various factors affect the signal, the data received at the receiver is different from the data transmitted. As digital signals exist in two states either high or low, the error occurred will change its state. In today's advance world different techniques have been made to detect and remove error in the data. The paper delivers a simple error correction and detection method which can detect and correct single, multiple and burst error simply by using XNOR and COMPLEMENT. In the proposed method key is calculated and is send as a redundant bits at the receiver different operations are made to get the data that was originally sent. This error correction is a step ahead of hamming code. This paper also discusses the shortcomings of hamming code

Residual Weighted Learning for Estimating Individualized Treatment Rules

Personalized medicine has received increasing attention among statisticians, computer scientists, and clinical practitioners. A major component of personalized medicine is the estimation of individualized treatment rules (ITRs). Recently, Zhao et al. (2012) proposed outcome weighted learning (OWL) to construct ITRs that directly optimize the clinical outcome. Although OWL opens the door to introducing machine learning techniques to optimal treatment regimes, it still has some problems in performance. In this article, we propose a general framework, called Residual Weighted Learning (RWL), to improve finite sample performance. Unlike OWL which weights misclassification errors by clinical outcomes, RWL weights these errors by residuals of the outcome from a regression fit on clinical covariates excluding treatment assignment. We utilize the smoothed ramp loss function in RWL, and provide a difference of convex (d.c.) algorithm to solve the corresponding non-convex optimization problem. By estimating residuals with linear models or generalized linear models, RWL can effectively deal with different types of outcomes, such as continuous, binary and count outcomes. We also propose variable selection methods for linear and nonlinear rules, respectively, to further improve the performance. We show that the resulting estimator of the treatment rule is consistent. We further obtain a rate of convergence for the difference between the expected outcome using the estimated ITR and that of the optimal treatment rule. The performance of the proposed RWL methods is illustrated in simulation studies and in an analysis of cystic fibrosis clinical trial data.Comment: 48 pages, 3 figure

Influence of single and multiple dry bands on critical flashover voltage of silicone rubber outdoor insulators: simulation and experimental study

Dry band formation on the surface of outdoor insulators is one of the main reasons leading to flashover and power outages. In this paper, a dynamic arc model is proposed for single and multiple dry bands configuration to predict the critical flashover voltage for silicone rubber outdoor insulators. An arc is modelled as a time dependent impedance consisting of a Resistor Inductor Capacitor (RLC) circuit. The effect of dry band location and existence of multiple dry bands on critical flashover voltage is investigated. To validate the proposed model, experiments were conducted in a climate chamber under controlled environmental conditions on rectangular silicone rubber sheets polluted using improved solid layer method based on IEC 60,507. Tests were conducted at different dry band configurations and pollution severity levels. A good correlation was found between experimental results and simulation results. This model can provide a good foundation for the development of mathematical models for station post insulators having multiple dry and clean bands and can be used in the design and selection of outdoor insulators for polluted conditions

Asymptomatic urinary tract infection: Cause of postoperative wound infection

bstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of urinary tract infection in patients given incomplete treatment before undergoing hip fracture surgery. METHODS: The descriptive case series was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, From October 25, 2012 to April 24, 2013. 84 postmenopausal women having hip fracture along with asymptomatic urinary tract infection. The infection was treated incompletely and postoperatively wound infection rate was determined. The SPSS version 17 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The overall mean age of the 84 patients in the study was 63.57+10.34 years. Overall, 14(16.7%) patients had wound infection after orthopaedic implant surgery for hip fracture. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high occurrence of wound infection after hip implant surgery in patients having preoperative asymptomaticurinary tract infection who were treated incompletely

Consumption Patterns of Male and Female Headed Households in Pakistan: Evidence from PSLM 2007-08

Recent years have witnessed growing interest in analysing the welfare outcomes of female headed households (FHHs) in the developing world. The theoretical argument for examining female headship and family welfare is underpinned by two important considerations. The first concerns households’ access to resources, while the second pertains to control over the allocation of resources within the household [DeGraff and Bilsborrow (1993)]. A priori female headed households are expected to have access to a lower level of resources than the conventional male-headed households for a variety of reasons.1 However, this lower resource envelop experienced by female headed households may be partially offset by the way resources are allocated within such households. Several studies have revealed that resources under the control of women are more likely to be allocated for productive purposes that promote family welfare as compared to resource allocation under the control of men. In the context of Pakistan, the present paper aims to explore how resource allocation within female headed households differs from male headed households by examining the consumption patterns of both female and male headed households in the country

Stress levels during the journey of cancer treatment

A patient’s journey with cancer may cause psychological disorders or exacerbate existing conditions. The field of psycho-oncology has found ways to link psychological disorders to cancer and research the effects of mental disorders on patient outcome and wellbeing. This review looked at current literature in the field of psycho-oncology to understand how the stress level changes during the patient’s treatment journey. A search was performed to identify relevant published articles on electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science. The results demonstrate a direct link between cancer diagnosis and increased stress, depression and anxiety within patients, not as medication side-effects. These levels reduce over time, mainly due to patient acceptance coupled with either improved prognosis, or acceptance of death. Stress is complex and can precipitate a range of psychological disorders. Early psychological, counselling and even in some cases coaching interventions, could work preventively to help cancer patients more effectively to manage their stress, thereby promoting their greater wellbeing. Additionally, early diagnosis of mental disorders is crucial to improving long-term outcomes, therefore, the need for adequate psychological screening services in oncology patients for mental illness should be routine practice

Estimation of finite population mean by using minimum and maximum values in stratified random sampling

In this paper we have suggested an improved class of ratio type estimators in estimating the finite population mean when information on minimum and maximum values of the auxiliary variable is known. The properties of the suggested class of estimators in terms of bias and mean square error are obtained up to first order of approximation. Two data sets are used for efficiency comparisons