Aquaculture extension impacts in Bangladesh: a case study from Kapasia, Gazipur

With many ponds and high demand for fish, Bangladesh has a high potential for aquaculture . Since the 1980s, there have been many aquaculture extension projects. As a result, pond aquaculture production is estimated to have trebled between approximately 1990 and 2000, and is currently estimated to be in order of 750 000 t per year. This gave an ideal opportunity to understand the impacts of aquaculture extension. This study investigated the practices and performance of farmers about six years after specific extension efforts had ended, in order to gain a better understanding of the sustained practices and benefits achieved by fish farmers from extension. It followed up an earlier project in Kapasia Upazila (subdistrict) in Gazipur District north of the capital Dhaka, where the WorldFish Center with funding from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the Danish International Development Agency (Danida), had researched on farming systems and had introduced adaptive integrated aquaculture practices. Surveys were undertake to compare the aquaculture systems with baseline and project period data.Aquaculture, Fish-culture, Gazipur, Bangladesh,

Aquaculture extention impacts in Bangladesh: a case study from Kapasia, Gazipur

Aquaculture, Bangladesh,

Comments on: "Starting solutions for some unsteady unidirectional flows of a second grade fluid," [Int. J. Eng. Sci. 43 (2005) 781]

A significant mathematical error is identified and corrected in a recent highly-cited paper on oscillatory flows of second-grade fluids [Fetecau & Fetecau (2005). Int. J. Eng. Sci., 43, 781--789]. The corrected solutions are shown to agree identically with numerical ones generated by a finite-difference scheme, while the original ones of Fetecau & Fetecau do not. A list of other recent papers in the literature that commit the error corrected in this Comment is compiled. Finally, a summary of related erroneous papers in this journal is presented as an Appendix.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures (4 images), elsarticle class; accepted for publication in International Journal of Engineering Scienc

Cytogenetic and immunohistochemical characterization of Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma of salivary glands

Objectives: Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC), initially considered a sub-set of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) harbours an ETV6 translocation [t(12:15)(p13:25q)] and is now regarded as a distinct entity. Several putative markers to differentiate MASC from ACC have been reported however, the immunohistochemical profile is still being explored and updated. The purpose of this study was to further explore the cytogenetic and immunohistochemical profile of MASC. Study design: Cases were analysed for ETV6 translocation using fluorescent in situ hybridisation(FISH) and stained for CK8, amylase, mammaglobin, GCDFP 15, MUC1, MUC4, STAT5a, Ki 67 (n=37), CK7, Cam5.2, CK14, SMA, p63, S100, vimentin and DOG- 1 (n=42). Histochemical stains for mucins were also performed and data collected for age, gender and site. Results: FISH showed nine cases with ETV6 rearrangement and two with increased ETV6 copies. These eleven cases showed absence of PAS-D resistant granules with 10/11 showing strong S100, mammaglobin and Stat5a staining. All ACCs showed diffuse DOG-1 staining whereas 8/11 MASCs were negative and three showed only focal DOG1 staining. Conclusion: DOG-1 can be used in conjunction with PAS-D, S100 and mammaglobin to identify MASCs. Cases with increased ETV6 copies are a novel finding with a similar immunostaining profile and should be considered as MASCs

Decoherence and entanglement degradation of a qubit-qutrit system in non-inertial frames

We study the effect of decoherence on a qubit-qutrit system under the influence of global, local and multilocal decoherence in non-inertial frames. We show that the entanglement sudden death can be avoided in non-inertial frames in the presence of amplitude damping, depolarizing and phase damping channels. However, degradation of entanglement is seen due to Unruh effect. It is shown that for lower level of decoherence, the depolarizing channel degrades the entanglement more heavily as compared to the amplitude damping and phase damping channels. However, for higher values of decoherence parameters, amplitude damping channel heavily degrades the entanglement of the hybrid system. Further more, no ESD is seen for any value of Rob's acceleration.Comment: 16 pages, 5 .eps figures, 1 table; Quantum Information Processing, published online, 5 July, 201

Whole genome re-sequencing reveals genome-wide variations among parental lines of 16 mapping populations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Background Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important grain legume cultivated by resource poor farmers in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. In order to harness the untapped genetic potential available for chickpea improvement, we re-sequenced 35 chickpea genotypes representing parental lines of 16 mapping populations segregating for abiotic (drought, heat, salinity), biotic stresses (Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight, Botrytis grey mould, Helicoverpa armigera) and nutritionally important (protein content) traits using whole genome re-sequencing approach. Results A total of 192.19 Gb data, generated on 35 genotypes of chickpea, comprising 973.13 million reads, with an average sequencing depth of ~10 X for each line. On an average 92.18 % reads from each genotype were aligned to the chickpea reference genome with 82.17 % coverage. A total of 2,058,566 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 292,588 Indels were detected while comparing with the reference chickpea genome. Highest number of SNPs were identified on the Ca4 pseudomolecule. In addition, copy number variations (CNVs) such as gene deletions and duplications were identified across the chickpea parental genotypes, which were minimum in PI 489777 (1 gene deletion) and maximum in JG 74 (1,497). A total of 164,856 line specific variations (144,888 SNPs and 19,968 Indels) with the highest percentage were identified in coding regions in ICC 1496 (21 %) followed by ICCV 97105 (12 %). Of 539 miscellaneous variations, 339, 138 and 62 were inter-chromosomal variations (CTX), intra-chromosomal variations (ITX) and inversions (INV) respectively. Conclusion Genome-wide SNPs, Indels, CNVs, PAVs, and miscellaneous variations identified in different mapping populations are a valuable resource in genetic research and helpful in locating genes/genomic segments responsible for economically important traits. Further, the genome-wide variations identified in the present study can be used for developing high density SNP arrays for genetics and breeding applications

Paradigm shift or business as usual? Workers' views on multi-stakeholder initiatives in Bangladesh

The scale of the tragedy at Rana Plaza in Bangladesh, in which more than 1,000 garment factory workers died when the building collapsed in April 2013, galvanized a range of stakeholders to take action to prevent future disasters and to acknowledge that business as usual was not an option. Prominent in these efforts were the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh (hereafter the Accord) and the Alliance for Bangladesh Workers’ Safety (hereafter the Alliance), two multi‐stakeholder agreements that brought global buyers together in a coordinated effort to improve health and safety conditions in the ready‐made garment industry. These agreements represented a move away from the buyer‐driven, compliance‐based model, which hitherto dominated corporate social responsibility initiatives, to a new cooperation‐based approach. The Accord in particular, which included global union federations and their local union partners as signatories and held global firms legally accountable, was described as a ‘paradigm shift’ with the potential to improve industrial democracy in Bangladesh. This article is concerned with the experiences and perceptions of workers in the Bangladesh garment industry regarding these new initiatives. It uses a purposively designed survey to explore the extent to which these initiatives brought about improvements in wages and working conditions in the garment industry, to identify where change was slowest or absent and to ask whether the initiatives did indeed represent a paradigm shift in efforts to enforce the rights of workers

Fermion-scalar interactions with domain wall fermions

Domain wall fermions are defined on a lattice with an extra direction the size of which controls the chiral properties of the theory. When gauge fields are coupled to domain wall fermions the extra direction is treated as an internal flavor space. Here it is found that this is not the case for scalar fields. Instead, the interaction takes place only along the link that connects the boundaries of the extra direction. This reveals a richness in the way different spin particles are coupled to domain wall fermions. As an application, 4-Fermi models are studied using large N techniques and the results are supported by numerical simulations with N=2. It is found that the chiral properties of domain wall fermions in these models are good across a large range of couplings and that a phase with parity-flavor broken symmetry can develop for negative bare masses if the number of sites along the extra direction is finite.Comment: LaTeX, 17 pages, 8 eps figures; comment regarding the width of Aoki phase added in sec. 3; references adde

A novel mutation in GRK1 causes Oguchi disease in a consanguineous Pakistani family

Contains fulltext : 76070.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying molecular genetic defect in a large consanguineous Pakistani family with Oguchi disease who had been given a diagnosis of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS: The family was genotyped with the Affymetrix 10K single nucleotide polymorphism array. Fine-mapping of a common homozygous region on chromosome 13q was performed using fluorescent microsatellite markers. Mutation analysis was done by direct sequencing of the candidate gene GRK1 located in the region. The segregation of a novel mutation in the family and the frequency of the identified mutation in the Pakistani population were determined by StuI RFLP analysis. RESULTS: Genetic mapping supported the diagnosis of typical Oguchi disease in a Pakistani family and also resulted in the identification of a novel nonsense mutation (c.614C>A; p.S205X) in exon 1 of GRK1. This mutation is predicted to result in premature termination of the protein product, thereby affecting the phototransduction cascade. A clinical reappraisal of the family revealed that all patients homozygous for this variant had Oguchi disease. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to describe a mutation causing typical Oguchi disease in a large consanguineous Pakistani family. This mutation segregated in eight affected members.6 p