HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE INEQUALITIES FOR CONFORMABLE INTEGRALS VIA η-CONVEX FUNCTIONS

Many recent results have been. This inequality has many applications in the area of pure and applied mathematics. In this paper, our main aim is to give results for conformable integral version of Hermite-Hadamard inequality for η-convex functions. First, we prove an identity associated with the Hermite-Hadamard inequality for conformable integrals using η-convex functions. By using this identity and η-convexity of function and some well-known inequalities, we obtain several results for the inequality

Metal oxides as photocatalysts

AbstractMetal oxides are of great technological importance in environmental remediation and electronics because of their capability to generate charge carriers when stimulated with required amount of energy. The promising arrangement of electronic structure, light absorption properties, and charge transport characteristics of most of the metal oxides has made possible its application as photocatalyst. In this article definition of metal oxides as photocatalyst, structural characteristics, requirements of the photocatalyst, classification of photocatalysts and the mechanism of the photocatalytic process are discussed

Concept, Design and Implementation of Automatic Waste Management System

One of the main concerns with our environment has been solid waste management which in addition to disturbing the balance of the environment also has adverse effects on the health of the society. The detection, monitoring and management of wastes is one of the primary problems of the present era. The traditional way of manually monitoring the wastes in waste bins is a complex, cumbersome process and utilizes more human effort, time and cost which is not compatible with the present day technologies in any wa y. This paper proposes an advanced method in which waste management is automated. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most promising and anticipated technologies in recent years. The system makes use of radio frequency (RF) tags and web sup port. This work presented here certainly provides a novel approach in handling and disposing off the day to day solid wastes in an efficient and easy way. The system consists of four main subsystems namely Smart Trash System (STS), Local Base Station (LBS) , Smart Vehicle System (SVS) and Smart Monitoring and Controlling Hut (SMCH). The proposed system would be able to automate the solid waste monitoring process and management of the overall collection process. The technologies that would be used in the prop osed system are good enough to ensure the practical and perfect for solid waste collection process monitoring and management for green environment

Utilization of genes encoding osmoprotectants in transgenic plants for enhanced abiotic stress tolerance

Global agriculture in the context of growing and expanding populations is under huge pressure to provide increased food, feed, and fiber. The recent phenomenon of climate change has further added fuel to the fire. It has been practically established now that the global temperature has been on the increase with associated fluctuations in annual rainfall regimes, and the resultant drought and flood events and increasing soil and water salinization. These challenges would be met with the introduction and utilization of new technologies coupled with conventional approaches. In recent years, transgenic technology has been proved very effective in terms of production of improved varieties of crop plants, resistant to biotic stresses. The abiotic stresses such as salt and drought are more complex traits, controlled by many genes. Transgenic plant development for these stresses has utilized many single genes. However, much emphasis has been placed on genes catalyzing the biosynthetic pathways of osmoprotectants. This review focuses on the current status of research on osmoprotectant genes and their role in abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic plants

Outcomes of patients with double/triple expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with R-DA-EPOCH/R-CHOP: A single-center experience

In Pakistan 76.4% of all NHLs to be diagnosed as DLBCLs. The survival of R-CHOP is better compared to the DA-REPOCH treatment regimen. A prospective follow-up study was conducted with 113 patients to study the outcomes of treatment. Multivariable cox-proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios in patients receiving these treatment regimens considering p-value ≤0.05 significant. The survival rate among double/triple expressor lymphoma patients received R-DA-EPOCH was 82.8%, and 83.3% received R-CHOP. For double/triple expressor lymphoma patients received R-DA-EPOCH. The findings of our study demonstrated that the survival rate in both R-CHOP and R-DA-EPOCH is mostly similar

Integrating water quality index, GIS and multivariate statistical techniques towards a better understanding of drinking water quality

Groundwater is considered as an imperative component of the accessible water assets across the world. Due to urbanization, industrialization and intensive farming practices, the groundwater resources have been exposed to large-scale depletion and quality degradation. The prime objective of this study was to evaluate the groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Mewat district of Haryana, India. For this purpose, twenty-five groundwater samples were collected from hand pumps and tube wells spread over the entire district. Samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), turbidity, total alkalinity (TA), cations and anions in the laboratory using the standard methods. Two different water quality indices (weighted arithmetic water quality index and entropy weighted water quality index) were computed to characterize the groundwater quality of the study area. Ordinary Kriging technique was applied to generate spatial distribution map of the WQIs. Four semivariogram models, i.e. circular, spherical, exponential and Gaussian were used and found to be the best fit for analyzing the spatial variability in terms of weighted arithmetic index (GWQI) and entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were applied to provide additional scientific insights into the information content of the groundwater quality data available for this study. The interpretation of WQI analysis based on GWQI and EWQI reveals that 64% of the samples belong to the “poor” to “very poor” bracket. The result for the semivariogram modeling also shows that Gaussian model obtains the best fit for both EWQI and GWQI dataset. HCA classified 25 sampling locations into three main clusters of similar groundwater characteristics. DA validated these clusters and identified a total of three significant variables (pH, EC and Cl) by adopting stepwise method. The application of PCA resulted in three factors explaining 69.81% of the total variance. These factors reveal how processes like rock water interaction, urban waste discharge and mineral dissolution affect the groundwater quality

Eco-Friendly Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots: Characteristics and Potential Applications

Carbon nanodots are zero-dimensional tiny particles of carbon with outstanding characteristics and potential applications. Carbon nanodots are fluorescent materials and possess unique characteristics such as biocompatibility, photostability, low toxicity, sustainable, and eco-friendly. Fluorescent carbon nanodots are emerging nanomaterials that show promising potential in bioimaging, optical sensing, information encryption and storage, photocatalysis, lasers, drug delivery, energy conversion, and photovoltaic applications. Carbon nanodots can be synthesized at very low cost through various sustainable approaches that employ inexpensive renewable resources as starting materials. Carbon nanodots are fascinating carbon-based materials that have received mass attention from past few years for their substantial applications in diverse fields. Carbon nanodots have a huge impact on both health and environmental applications because of their potential to serve as nontoxic replacements to traditional heavy metal-based quantum dots. Herein we highlight the intriguing characteristics and potential applications of fluorescent carbon nanodots in various fields and their perspective in future

Awareness and Knowledge on Epilepsy Among Undergraduate Medical Students in Pakistan

Background:  Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder which affects millions of people throughout the world. However, it has been discovered that there is a great degree of ignorance regarding the science of epilepsy among the general masses as well as the populace of medical students.  Studies have been conducted whose results have shown that, there has been fabrication regarding the clinical presentation & treatment of epilepsy among the common man. Numerous appear to link epilepsy to evil spirits and possession that can be healed by spiritual treatments by certain specialists given the designations of ‘demonologists’,’ paranormal investigators’ or ‘mystics’. In such circumstances, medical students can prove to be a major source to educate the society at large. Therefore, it is crucial that their knowledge & attitude towards epilepsy is accurate and thus, must be evaluated at an early stage in their medical career, so that these future physicians may play a pivotal role in the public awareness of epilepsy.  Method:  This study was conducted in Pakistan, at a Government sector medical college, namely, Karachi Medical and Dental College. This is a cross-sectional study. Data was collected between October to December of the year 2014. 270 medical students were given the KAP (knowledge, attitude & practice) form of epilepsy to fill out. The software used to interpret and tabulate the results was SPSS v.16 for Windows. The chi-square test was employed to determine the proportion of knowledge of epilepsy among medical students. The p-value calculated was equal to 0.05.   Findings:  In this study, 270 medical students were recruited, of which 90 were males (33.3%) where as 180 were females (66.6%). The ages of the student participants were within the range of 18 to 24 years. The analysis of our study demonstrates that: 85.1% of the medical students consider epilepsy to be a neurological disorder; 6.66% believe epilepsy is an infectious disease; 4.44% believe it to be a hereditary disease, whereas, 3.7% of the students reckon it is a psychiatric illness. Generalized tonic clonic seizures was deemed to be the most common form of epilepsy (25.5%) with complex partial seizures being the least common form(1.85%) , as well as relatively unknown by the students.             It was discovered through this study that, students were much less acquainted with the knowledge regarding the treatment of the disorder: multiple drug therapy was considered as the treatment by 56.66% of the students, spiritual treatment by 3.7%, spiritual treatment with medication by 20%, surgical treatment by 17.4% & 2.22% deemed epilepsy as a self limiting disease.  Conclusion:  It has been observed with this survey that the medical students of Pakistan are well aware of the knowledge of epilepsy and it being a medical condition. However, the students need to be educated early on in their training to be physicians, about certain aspects and details of the neurological disorder, for instance, the appropriate treatment of epilepsy, where their knowledge is lacking

Nanoremediation technologies for sustainable remediation of contaminated environments: Recent advances and challenges

A major and growing concern within society is the lack of innovative and effective solutions to mitigate the challenge of environmental pollution. Uncontrolled release of pollutants into the environment as a result of urbanisation and industrialisation is a staggering problem of global concern. Although, the eco-toxicity of nanotechnology is still an issue of debate, however, nanoremediation is a promising emerging technology to tackle environmental contamination, especially dealing with recalcitrant contaminants. Nanoremediation represents an innovative approach for safe and sustainable remediation of persistent organic compounds such as pesticides, chlorinated solvents, brominated or halogenated chemicals, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and heavy metals. This comprehensive review article provides a critical outlook on the recent advances and future perspectives of nanoremediation technologies such as photocatalysis, nano-sensing etc., applied for environmental decontamination. Moreover, sustainability assessment of nanoremediation technologies was taken into consideration for tackling legacy contamination with special focus on health and environmental impacts. The review further outlines the ecological implications of nanotechnology and provides consensus recommendations on the use of nanotechnology for a better present and sustainable futur

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Due to Urinary Tract Obstruction: A Systematic Review

Background: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) due to obstructive uropathy is not widely known by physicians and hence not well represented in the literature. To better understand its presentation, clinical course, and available treatments, we conducted a systematic review of case reports on NDI due to urinary tract obstruction.Methods: This observational study was a systematic review of 19 human cases found in the literature. It was done retrospectively to focus on whether NDI can occur due to obstruction of the urinary tract and, if so, what the mechanism (pathophysiology) is.Results: We found that the most common symptom of NDI due to urinary tract obstruction was polyuria. The most common cause of NDI due to urinary tract obstruction was cancer. The most common site for obstruction was the ureter. And the most common test used to confirm the diagnosis was failure to concentrate urine after the administration of desmopressin. Surgical intervention was the most common treatment to relieve obstruction.Conclusion: We found that urinary tract obstruction can cause NDI. With early diagnosis and timely relief of the obstruction, NDI can be reversible