Attitudes towards bearing the cost of care in later life: evidence from the HSBC global ageing study on the future of retirement.

The ageing of population has now been recognised as a global phenomenon. Since the issues are multifaceted ageing has become a subject of interest among multidisciplinary people. Perhaps one of the common key concerns among individuals and family members in societies today is to meet the increasing demand for elderly health care for many countries. As the socioeconomic, demographic and cultural context of individuals‟ vary from one setting to another, the intergenerational support as well as the cost of care responsibility also vary across the globe. In particular, issues related to elderly health care financing and supports are emerging steadily and perhaps one of the dominant topics in social gerontology. The aim of the study has been to examine the effects of age, gender and employment on the perception of people with regard to their cost of care in later life. The data for the study come from the HSBC global ageing study, popularly known as “The Future of Retirement”. The initial field surveys were completed in two successive years 2004 and 2005 in which approximately 22,329 individuals were interviewed who are aged 18 years and over across twenty countries and territories covering four major regions of the world. A cross-sectional survey design was employed in which respondents were selected randomly. Each respondent was asked a battery of questions on their socioeconomic and demographic situations, their retirement and pensions, health, wellbeing and quality of life, and voluntary contribution and intergenerational support. Among others two questions were asked directly on the responsibility of financial cost of care in retirement and they are “who should bear” as well as “who will bear” most of the financial costs of caring in retirement. These questions were then explored as to how the response varied with respect to age, gender and employment status of respondents. It has been revealed that age, gender and employment status play significant role in determining people‟s perception towards the bearing of cost of care in retirement. There has been a significant gap between the attitudes of “should” and “will” bearing the cost of care. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief discussion on policy implications

Attitudes towards old age and age of retirement across the world: findings from the future of retirement survey

The 21st century has been described as the first era in human history when the world will no longer be young and there will be drastic changes in many aspects of our lives including socio-demographics, financial and attitudes towards the old age and retirement. This talk will introduce briefly about the Global Ageing Survey (GLAS) 2004 and 2005 which is also popularly known as “The Future of Retirement”. These surveys provide us a unique data source collected in 21 countries and territories that allow researchers for better understanding the individual as well as societal changes as we age with regard to savings, retirement and healthcare. In 2004, approximately 10,000 people aged 18+ were surveyed in nine counties and one territory (Brazil, Canada, China, France, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Mexico, UK and USA). In 2005, the number was increased to twenty-one by adding Egypt, Germany, Indonesia, Malaysia, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sweden, Turkey and South Korea). Moreover, an additional 6320 private sector employers was surveyed in 2005, some 300 in each country with a view to elucidating the attitudes of employers to issues relating to older workers. The paper aims to examine the attitudes towards the old age and retirement across the world and will indicate some policy implications

Fault-Tolerant Secure Data Aggregation Schemes in Smart Grids: Techniques, Design Challenges, and Future Trends

Secure data aggregation is an important process that enables a smart meter to perform efficiently and accurately. However, the fault tolerance and privacy of the user data are the most serious concerns in this process. While the security issues of Smart Grids are extensively studied, these two issues have been ignored so far. Therefore, in this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of fault-tolerant and differential privacy schemes for the Smart Gird. We selected papers from 2010 to 2021 and studied the schemes that are specifically related to fault tolerance and differential privacy. We divided all existing schemes based on the security properties, performance evaluation, and security attacks. We provide a comparative analysis for each scheme based on the cryptographic approach used. One of the drawbacks of existing surveys on the Smart Grid is that they have not discussed fault tolerance and differential privacy as a major area and consider them only as a part of privacy preservation schemes. On the basis of our work, we identified further research areas that can be explored

The Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with staggered fermions

We investigate the neighbourhood of the chiral phase transition in a lattice Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, using both Monte Carlo methods and lattice Schwinger-Dyson equations.Comment: Talks at LAT93, Dallas, U.S.A. Postscript file, 6 pages, figures include

Chiral Perturbation Theory and Finite Size Effects on the Nucleon Mass in unquenched QCD

We calculate finite size effects on nucleon masses in chiral perturbation theory. We confront the theoretical predictions with N_f=2 lattice results and discuss chiral extrapolation formulae.Comment: talk at Lattice 03 (spectrum), 3 pages latex, 3 figures. Assignment of 2 data points to incorrect data sets in plot 1 and of 1 data point in plot 2 corrected. 1 fm lattice result updated. Conclusions unchange

Effect of pairing correlations on incompressibility and symmetry energy in nuclear matter and finite nuclei

The role of superfluidity in the incompressibility and in the symmetry energy is studied in nuclear matter and finite nuclei. Several pairing interactions are used: surface, mixed and isovector dependent. Pairing has a small effect on the nuclear matter incompressibility at saturation density, but the effects are significant at lower densities. The pairing effect on the centroid energy of the isoscalar Giant Monopole Resonance (GMR) is also evaluated for Pb and Sn isotopes by using a microscopic constrained-HFB approach, and found to change at most by 10% the nucleus incompressibility $K_A$. It is shown by using the Local Density Approximation (LDA) that most of the pairing effect on the GMR centroid come from the low-density nuclear surface.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Search for a Signal on QCD Critical Point in Central Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

We discuss that the QCD critical point could appear in central collisions in percolation cluster. We suggest using the nuclear transparency effect and the one of the light nuclear production to identify the critical point.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (QM2008), Jaipur, India, February 4-10, 200

Adverse Events among HIV/MDR-TB Co-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral and Second Line Anti-TB Treatment in Mumbai, India.

Significant adverse events (AE) have been reported in patients receiving medications for multidrug- and extensively-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB & XDR-TB). However, there is little prospective data on AE in MDR- or XDR-TB/HIV co-infected patients on antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in programmatic settings

Quarkonium spin structure in lattice NRQCD

Numerical simulations of the quarkonium spin splittings are done in the framework of lattice nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD). At leading order in the velocity expansion the spin splittings are of $O(M_Q v^4)$, where $M_Q$ is the renormalized quark mass and $v^2$ is the mean squared quark velocity. A systematic analysis is done of all next-to-leading order corrections. This includes the addition of $O(M_Q v^6)$ relativistic interactions, and the removal of $O(a^2 M_Q v^4)$ discretization errors in the leading-order interactions. Simulations are done for both S- and P-wave mesons, with a variety of heavy quark actions and over a wide range of lattice spacings. Two prescriptions for the tadpole improvement of the action are also studied in detail: one using the measured value of the average plaquette, the other using the mean link measured in Landau gauge. Next-to-leading order interactions result in a very large reduction in the charmonium splittings, down by about 60% from their values at leading order. There are further indications that the velocity expansion may be poorly convergent for charmonium. Prelimary results show a small correction to the hyperfine splitting in the Upsilon system.Comment: 16 pages, REVTEX v3.1, 5 postscript figures include