E. coli and colon cancer : Is mutY a culprit?

Peer reviewedPreprin

Reintegration of Pakistani Return Migrants from the Middle East in the Domestic Labour Market

This study aims, first, to assess unemployment levels among both return migrants and non-migrants and, second, to examine the reintegration pattern of returnees in the domestic labour market. The study has used three data sets: the 1980 PIDE/World Bank Survey of Return Migrant Households, the 1986 ILO/ARTEP Survey of Return Migrant Households, and the 1991 Pakistan Integrated Household Survey. The results show that unemployment rates are much higher among return migrants than among non-migrants. Although this difference has narrowed with the passage of time, even among those who returned to Pakistan at least 18 months prior to the surveys, more than 10 percent of workers are unemployed. The multivariate analysis further shows that returnees, irrespective of the period elapsed since their return, are more likely to be unemployed than non-migrants. With respect to the reintegration pattern of return migrants, the study reveals that the variables indicating their human capital such as occupation and premigration and during-migration work experience appear to have greater influence on their re-absorption than the variables related to economic positions such as savings. The possibility is that unemployed returnees can not save enough from their overseas earnings to become self-employed. Provision of credit for self-employment seems to be the right way to accommodate these workers. The study also shows that the majority of workers who are able to find employment on return are satisfied with their post-return jobs and income levels, suggesting their successful reintegration in the domestic labour market.

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Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 31-Mardin Ailesiİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

RIZWAN KHAN’S EXISTENCE IN KARAN JOHAR’S MY NAME IS KHAN MOVIE (2010): AN EXISTENTIALIST APPROACH

This study is aimed to show Rizwan Khan existence in My Name Is Khan movie by using existentialist perspective. It is done by establishing two objectives: the first is analyzing the movie based on its structural elements and the second is analyzing the movie based on the Existentialist Approach. This research is qualitative research. Type of data of the study is text and image taken from two data sources: primary and secondary. The primary data source is the My Name Is Khan movie directed by Karan Johar released in 2010. While the secondary data sources are other materials taken from books, journals, and internet related to the study. Both data are collected through library research and analyzed by descriptive analysis. The study comes to the following conclusions. First, based on the structural analysis of each element, it shows that the character and characterization, setting, plot, setting, point of view, theme, mise en scene, cinematography, sound, and editing are related to each other and form unity. Second, based on the Existentialist analysis, awareness of the meaning of human existence is very important

Sixth quarterly activities report on the Cooperative Agreement No.391-0467-A-00-1818-00: Irrigation research (period from December 1992 to February 1993). Part 1: Irrigation Systems Management Research Project

Irrigation management / Research policy / Irrigation programs / Pakistan

FIBONACCI SUPERLATTICES OF NARROW-GAP III-V SEMICONDUCTORS

We report theoretical electronic structure of Fibonacci superlattices of narrow-gap III-V semiconductors. Electron dynamics is accurately described within the envelope-function approximation in a two-band model. Quasiperiodicity is introduced by considering two different III-V semiconductor layers and arranging them according to the Fibonacci series along the growth direction. The resulting energy spectrum is then found by solving exactly the corresponding effective-mass (Dirac-like) wave equation using tranfer-matrix techniques. We find that a self-similar electronic spectrum can be seen in the band structure. Electronic transport properties of samples are also studied and related to the degree of spatial localization of electronic envelope-functions via Landauer resistance and Lyapunov coefficient. As a working example, we consider type II InAs/GaSb superlattices and discuss in detail our results in this system.Comment: REVTeX 3.0, 16 pages, 8 figures available upon request. To appear in Semiconductor Science and Technolog

Period Without a Job After Returning from the Middle East: A Survival Analysis

Since the mid-1980s Pakistan has faced return flows of its workers from the Middle East on a large scale. The re-employment experience of returning workers has usually been examined by focusing on the unemployment rate. This paper concentrates on ‘duration of unemployment’ and examines the influences of socio-demographic characteristics of returnees and their households on the transition from being ‘not employed’ to being employed by estimating the proportional hazards model. The 1986 ILO survey of return migrant households is the data source used in this study. The majority of returnees who were ‘not employed’ (unemployed and inactive) had been without a job for more than one year. Nearly one-quarter of them had not been working for more than two years. The analysis shows that variables indicating the human capital of return migrants, such as age, education, occupation and work experience, appear to have greater influence on their re-employment probabilities than variables related to economic position, such as savings.