MRR and TWR study of powder mix EDM and pure EDM based on response surface methodology

Powder-mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) enhances the machined surface's output by combining dielectric fluid with various types of powders. This process is quickly gaining acceptance in the electrical discharge machining (EDM) sector. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a dielectric fluid containing tantalum carbide (TaC) powder can improve the material removal rate (MRR) also, lessen tool wear rate (TWR) during the subsequent EDM machining of stainless steel material. The material removal rates, tool wear rate, and mathematical models of two different EDM mediums were examined during the machining. For the machining procedure, kerosene dielectric fluid containing TaC powder at a concentration of 25.0 g/L was used. The machining input variables were used peak current, pulse on time, and pulse off time. We determined how these variables affected the MRR and TWR of the copper-based EDMed electrode tools. During electrical discharge machining, the MRR for stainless steel (SUS 304) was increased by MRRPMEDM by 4.3 to 5.3% and TWRpEDM was reduced by 37.9% when TaC powder additive was used. Optimized results also show that TWR and maximum MRR can be achieved at 81.98% and 13.779mm3/min respectively with 83.50% desirability whenever the pulse on-time and pulse off-time are 6.20 µs and 6.50 µs respectively. The models are reliable and can be used to forecast the machining responses within the experimental region, it can be said. The MRR and TWR model for EDM with TaC powder additive (MRRPMEDM) identifies current as the most significant factor, followed by pulse on time and off-time

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

Left-m-filter, Right-n-filter and (m,n)-filter on Ordered Semigroup

In this paper, as a generalization of the concepts of left filters, right filters and filters of ordered semigroups, the concepts, for any positive integers m and n, of left-m-filters, right-n-filters and $(m,n)$ -filters in ordered semigroups have been introduced and some properties of these generalized notions have been investigated. Finally left-m-filters (resp. right-n-filters, $(m,n)$ -filters) of $(m,0)$ -regular (resp. $(0,n)$ -regular, $(m,n)$ -regular) ordered semigroups have been characterized in terms of its prime generalized $(m,0)$ -ideals (resp. $(0,n)$ -ideals, $(m,n)$ -ideals)

Generalized fuzzy Gamma-ideals of ordered Gamma-semigroups

<p>In this paper, the notions of (∈, ∈ ∨(k ∗, qk))-fuzzy left Γ-ideals, (∈, ∈ ∨(k ∗, qk))-fuzzy right Γ-ideals and (∈, ∈ ∨(k ∗, qk))-fuzzy Γ-ideals in ordered Γ-semigroups are introduced and their related properties are investigated. Furthermore, (k ∗, k)-lower parts of (∈, ∈ ∨(k ∗, qk))-fuzzy left Γ-ideals, (∈, ∈ ∨(k ∗, qk))-fuzzy right Γ-ideals and (∈, ∈ ∨(k ∗, qk))-fuzzy Γ-ideals are also defined. Finally, left regular, right regular and regular ordered Γ-semigroups in terms of (∈, ∈ ∨(k ∗, qk))-fuzzy left Γ-ideals and (∈, ∈ ∨(k ∗, qk))-fuzzy right Γ-ideals are characterized. </p&gt

Analysis and Modeling of Tool Wear Rate in Powder Mix EDM and Pure EDM Using Central Composite Design

The process of using dielectric fluid combined with different types of powders to improve the output of the machined surface is known as powder-mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM). In the electrical discharge machining (EDM) industry, this procedure is quickly gaining popularity. This investigation's goal is to ascertain whether tantalum carbide (TaC) powder-mixed dielectric fluid can reduce tool wear during the subsequent EDM machining of stainless-steel material. Two different EDM medium's tool wear rates and mathematical models were investigated during the machining. TaC powder at a concentration of 25.0 g/L in kerosene dielectric fluid was used for the machining process. The peak current, pulse on time, and pulse off time were the machining variables used. These variables' effects on the copper based EDMed electrode tools TWR were identified. The TWR for stainless steel (SUS 304) during electrical discharge machining was reduced by 37.9% when TaC powder additive was used, according to the results, demonstrating the effectiveness of this alternative method for reducing tool wear. The most influential factor, according to the tool wear ratio model for EDM with TaC powder additive (TWRPMEDM), is current, followed by pulse on-time and pulse off-time

Analysis and modeling of surface roughness in powder mix EDM and pure EDM using central composite design

Conventional surface modification methods, such as ion insertion and laser surface melting, have recently seen growing importance in the innovative usage of the electrical discharge machining process (EDM) as a competitive substitute. Surface composition and properties are affected by several factors, including erosion of work materials and tool materials during the process, as well as the formation of plasma channels from the vaporized materials. This indicates that, under certain machining conditions, deliberate materials transfer may be possible using either a composite electrode by scattering metallic powders in a dielectric or a combination of the two. However, the traditional electrode has not been very successful in the surface modification process. Although it has been considered, expanding research into the use of powder additives through EDM techniques to enhance the level of surface modification is lacking. In addition, the pulse interval is not included in the existing works that examine the impact of technique parameters on surface modification. Because of this, a thorough optimization of the process has not been possible to characterize the connection between the independent variables under control and the machining parameters. To take full advantage of the benefits offered by EDM, it is necessary to learn more about the missing links between the process and its desired outcomes, such as whether or not surface alloying of metallic materials using EDM is feasible and what controls should be used for the various variables involved. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of EDM-based surface alloying of stainless steel using Tantalum Carbide (TaC) powder as an additive by measuring the resulting surfaces' roughness (SR). It was found that RaPMEDM 11 μm recorded at current 5A and on-time 6.30 μs, off-time 7.00 μs with powder concentration 25g/L. The RaPMEDM is easy to predict by controlling factor current (A) and on-time (B). At the higher current of 7.25A, RaPMEDM showed to decrease slightly. This result justifies TaC powder starts to control and modify the surface of stainless steel at a high factor current. In the case of without additives RaEDM, at maximum current 5 A, on-time 6.26 μs, and off-time 7 μs, RaEDM recorded 7 μm. Although it provided the highest Ra compared to RaPMEDM

Characterizations of Regular Ordered Semigroups by (∈,∈∨(<i>k</i>^∗,<i>q_k</i>))-Fuzzy Quasi-Ideals

In this paper, some properties of the ( k &#8727; , k ) -lower part of ( &#8712; , &#8712; &or; ( k &#8727; , q k ) ) -fuzzy quasi-ideals are obtained. Then, we characterize regular ordered semigroups in terms of its ( &#8712; , &#8712; &or; ( k &#8727; , q k ) ) -fuzzy quasi-ideals, ( &#8712; , &#8712; &or; ( k &#8727; , q k ) ) -fuzzy generalized bi-ideals, ( &#8712; , &#8712; &or; ( k &#8727; , q k ) ) -fuzzy left ideals and ( &#8712; , &#8712; &or; ( k &#8727; , q k ) ) -fuzzy right ideals, and an equivalent condition for ( &#8712; , &#8712; &or; ( k &#8727; , q k ) ) -fuzzy left (resp. right) ideals is obtained. Finally, the existence theorems for an ( &#8712; , &#8712; &or; ( k &#8727; , q k ) ) -fuzzy quasi-ideal as well as for the minimality of an ( &#8712; , &#8712; &or; ( k &#8727; , q k ) ) -fuzzy quasi-ideal of an ordered semigroup are provided