A New Phytochemical and Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Different Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa Extracts

The phytochemical composition of Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa, commonly known as crisphead lettuce, from Morocco has been re-investigated for the presence of oxyprenylated cinnamic acid and coumarin derivatives. In the mean time also the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from leaves obtained by the use of a Soxhlet apparatus have been assessed. The extracts had a high content of polyphenols with remarkable differences ranging from 0.19 to 0.38 mg gallic acid eq/mg, while the content of flavonoids ranged from 3.75 to 9.64 mg catechin eq/g. The hydroalcoholic extract with a polarity index of 5.8 displayed the best anti-oxidant, radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities. The same extracts were screened by reverse-phase HPLC-UV/V analysis for the presence of biologically active oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids. Only 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid was recorded in detectable amounts. Results described herein enforce the nutraceutical value and depict a potential chemopreventive dietary feeding role for crisphead lettuce

Recherche de substances naturelles aux vertus chimioprotectrices : contribution à l'étude ethnobotanique et phytochimique de trois plantes médicinales africaines à profils antiradicalaires

In this thesis, three species of African plants belonging to three different families were investigated from a phytochemical and pharmacological point standpoint. These were Anisophyllea dichostyla (Rhizophoraceae) and Annona caneata (Annonaceae) encountered in the democratic Republic of Congo. The isolation of all the compounds was conducted using different chromatographic techniques.The final elucidation of the structures was by spectroscopic means. chemical methods (hydrolysis,d erivatization) were also used to confirm some of the structures. In the essential oil of A, cuneata stem barks, 25 compounds were identified and characterized by their retention times, their masses and their Kovats Index. Z-sabinene is the major component. In addition 13 polyphenolic compounds, mainly simple phenols were identified namely (p-hydroxy benzoic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid along with syringialdehyde, vanillin and vanillic alcohol). The physicochemical index such as the peroxides, p-anisidine and conjugated dienes values were compared according to the time of storage, to measure the rancidity of the argan oils. A study by NMR made it possible to locate the triglyceridic regiospecificity of the profile of oil. Use of HPLC, GC-MS and LC/MS allowed the identification of additional compounds for the first time in the oil of A, spinosa. The phenolic antioxidants ferulic, vanillic, syringicacids along with tyrosol were detected. The major phytosterol detected in argan oil was squalene with lower amounts of schottenol and spinasterol. However the major tocopherol was found to be gamma-tocopherol and not alpha-tocopherol. The unsaponifiable fractions of the oils showed antioxidant activity at 100mg/l. 26 compounds were detected and identified in A. dichostyla, comprising catechin and ellagic acid derivatives respectively. he total methanolic extract showed a very remarkable antioxidant inhibitor of xanthine oxidase in vitro model. A triterpene (bryonolic acid was also isolated and identified in this species. Two dimentional NMR enabled the elucidation of the stereochemistry and configuration of this compoundDans cette thèse, 3 espèces de plantes appartenant à 3 familles ont été investiguées d'un point de vue phytochimique et pharmacologique. Il s'agit d'Argania spinosa (Sapotacéées), un arbre endémique du Maroc, et d'Anisophyllea dichostyla (Rizophoraceae) et d'Annona cuneata (Annonaceae) rencontrées au Congo. L'isolement de tous ces composés a été effectué à l'aide des techniques chromatographiques différentes. L'élucidation structurale a été réalisée grâce à des moyens spectroscopiques. Des méthodes chimiques (hydrolyse, dérivatisation) ont été également utilisées pour confirmer certaines de ces structures. L'identification des huiles essentielles des écorces du tronc d'A. Cuneata a fait état de présence de 25 composés qui ont été caractérisés par leurs temps de rétention, leurs masses et leurs indices de Kovats. Le z-sabidène est le produit majoritaire, 13 autres composés phénoliques, principalement des phénols simples ont été identifiés à l'acide p-hydroxy benzoique, acide dihydroxybenzoique, acide ferulique, acide vanillique syringaldehyde, vanilline, alcool vanillique. Nous avons déterminé les indices de contrôles physico-chimiques tels que les indices des peroxydes, de p-anisidine et des diènes conjugués,... pour l'étude du rancissement des huiles d'Argan. Une étude par RMN a permis de situer la régiospécificité du profil triglycéridique de l'huile. L'utilisation des techniques CLHP/UV, GC/SM et la LC/MS ont permis l(identification de composés pour la première fois dans cette huile. L'acide ferulique, vanillique, syringue, le tyrosol ont été détectés. L'extrait insaponifiable de l'huile a été étudié. Le squalène était le produit majoritaaire des phytostérols de l'huile suivi par des quantités de schotténol et le spinastérol plus faibles, cependant, l'étude de la composition en tocophérols a montré que la quantité de l'isomère gamma est plus importante que la forme alpha. Cet insaponifiable a montré une activité antioxydante à 100 mg/l. Pour A. dichostyla, l'investigation phytochimique a montré la présence de 26 composés dont les tannins condensés et des ellagitannins, ont été isolés et identifiés et ont démontré le potentiel antioxydant le plus remarquable en utilisant le modèle in vitro exploitant le dynamisme de la xanthine oxydase. L'acide bryonolique a été aussi isolé et identifié dans cette espèce. La RMN bidimensionnelle nous a permis d'apporter des éléments importants sur sa stéréochimi

Recherche de substances naturelles aux vertus chimioprotectrices (contribution à l'étude ethnobotanique et phytochimique de trois plantes médicinales africaines à profils antiradicalaires)

METZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Thermal stability and long-chain fatty acid positional distribution on glycerol of argan oil

The primary aim of this study was to determine the oxidative stability of argan oils by using peroxides and conjugated diene hydroperoxides measurements as analytical indicators. Both food and cosmetic argan oils were investigated. Their oxidative stability was also determined by monitoring the relative changes of their fatty acid profiles by 1H NMR. In addition, valuable information regarding minor components as well as the acyl positional distribution, were obtained for both grades by high field 1H and 13C NMR, respectively. Given that the cosmetic and food grades have a similar profile and content of phenolic antioxidants, vitamers, and squalene, it appears that the ratio of fatty acid aliphatic to bisallylic CH2 groups, much higher in argan oils than in other vegetable oils, is responsible for their higher thermal stability

HPLC-ESI-MS and GC-EI-MS Identification and Quantitation of Polyphenolics and Alkaloids in Moroccan Jujube Honeys

The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical content of Moroccan Jujube Honey and to establish the principal components of this staple Moroccan food, which contributes health benefit for the local population. Total phytochemical compounds as determined by analytical HPLC-ESI-MS in the honey extracts were 29.39±5.21 mg/kg (range 16.64–42.16) wet weight. The individual phytochemical compounds definitively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS in the Jujube honeys were the alkaloids: (I) 4-hydroxyquinoline glucoside, (II) 4-hydroxyquinoline and (V) kynurenic acid (17.66±0.87 mg/kg), and the phenolic compounds: (III) p-hydroxybenzoic acid, (IV) caffeic acid and (VI) methyl syringate (11.73±0.50 mg/kg). The structures were confirmed by GC-EI-MS apart from 4-hydroxyquinoline-glucoside. The major components were methyl syringate (8.34±2.49 mg/kg), 4-hydroxyquinoline (6.61±3.23 mg/kg) and kynurenic acid (6.56±0.97 mg/kg). The mean content of polyphenolic compounds (11.73±0.50 mg/kg) of Moroccan Jujube honeys compared favorably with those described for six Chinese Jujube honeys (2.49 mg/kg), five commercial Jujube honeys from different countries (0.92 mg/kg) and twelve Jujube honeys from Yemen (25.71 mg/kg). Reference studies did not identify alkaloids as components of Jujube honey, and therefore the phytochemical profile of Moroccan Jujube honey appears to be unique

Bryonolic Acid Blocks Cancer Cell Clonogenicity and Invasiveness through the Inhibition of Fatty Acid: Cholesteryl Ester Formation

Bryonolic acid (BrA) is a pentacyclic triterpene present in several plants used in African traditional medicine such as Anisophyllea dichostyla R. Br. Here we investigated the in vitro anticancer properties of BrA. We report that BrA inhibits acyl-coA: cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) activity in rat liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner, blocking the biosynthesis of the cholesterol fatty acid ester tumour promoter. We next demonstrated that BrA inhibits ACAT in intact cancer cells with an IC50 of 12.6 ± 2.4 µM. BrA inhibited both clonogenicity and invasiveness of several cancer cell lines, establishing that BrA displays specific anticancer properties. BrA appears to be more potent than the other pentacyclic triterpenes, betulinic acid and ursolic acid studied under similar conditions. The inhibitory effect of BrA was reversed by exogenous addition of cholesteryl oleate, showing that ACAT inhibition is responsible for the anticancer effect of BrA. This report reveals new anticancer properties for BrA

Ethnobotanic, Ethnopharmacologic Aspects and New Phytochemical Insights into Moroccan Argan Fruits

This review summarizes available data on argan fruit botany, geographical distribution, traditional uses, environmental interest, socioeconomic role, phytochemistry, as well as health beneficial effects and examination of future prospects. In particular, ethnomedical uses of argan fruits are carried out throughout Morocco where it has been used against various diseases. Different classes of bioactive compounds have been characterized including essential oils, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, flavonoids and their newly reported acylglycosyl derivatives, monophenols, phenolic acids, cinnamic acids, saponins, triterpenes, phytosterols, ubiquinone, melatonin, new aminophenols along with vitamin E among other secondary metabolites. The latter have already shown a wide spectrum of in vitro, and ex vivo biologicalactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, anti-hypercholesterolemia, analgesic, antimicrobial, molluscicidal anti-nociceptive and anticancer potential. Argan flesh (pulp) contains a broad spectrum of polyphenolic compounds which may have utility for incorporation into nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals relevant to the food, cosmetic and health industries. Further research is recommended, especially on the health beneficial effects of the aminophenols